比较不同时机主动脉内球囊反搏置入对高危冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期预后的影响

目的比较不同时机主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)置入对高危冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)围术期预后的影响。方法回顾性分析河南省人民医院心血管外科成人监护室于2015年1月～2017年3月收治的136例高危冠心病行CABG且围术期应用IABP辅助患者的临床资料。根据IABP置入时间将其分为:术前置入组(n=48)和术中、术后置入组(n=88),分别比较两组患者机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、住院总花费、住院死亡率等围术期指标。结果两组患者年龄、男性患者比例、吸烟比例、术前NYHA心功能≥Ⅲ级患者比例、术前左心室射血分数、术中搭桥的桥血管数目及是否行体外循环患者比例均未见明显差异(P0.05)。术前IABP置入组患者IABP应用时间[(45.3±22.1)h vs.(76.1±25.3)h]、机械通气时间[(48.8±16.2)h vs.(71.3±29.3)h]及ICU停留时间[(65.2±15.2)h vs.(98.2±19.6)h]均明显短于术中、术后IABP置入组(P0.05),且术前IABP置入组患者平均住院花费[(13.2±7.8)万元vs.(18.6±9.2)万元]明显低于术中、术后IABP置入组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前置入IABP组患者住院死亡率明显低于术中、术后置入IABP患者(8.3%vs.25.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于高危冠心病患者拟行CABG,术前预防性置入IABP是安全和有效的,其能够降低患者住院死亡率,缩短ICU停留时间,且具有相对较少的住院花费。     

主动脉内球囊反搏术在重症冠心病冠状动脉旁路移植围手术期中的应用

目的：探讨主动脉内球囊反搏术（IABP）在重症冠心病外科治疗围手术期应用的临床效果。方法：回顾自2005年7月-2014年1月,作者所在科室共手术治疗的重症冠心病65例,其中应用IABP34例,分为术前预防性应用IABP21例,术中或术后补救性应用IABP13例。结果：术前预防性应用IABP组围手术期死亡率为9％低于术中或术后补救性应用IABP组（31％）,但差异未到达统计学显著水平（P=0．11）。两组IABP应用时间、体外循环时间、呼吸机辅助时间和ICU居留时间分别为：[（32±18）h vs．（55±22）h,P〈0．05];[（122±37）min vs.（167±74）min,P〈0．05];[（36±18）h vs.（60±22）h,P〈0．05]和[（52±13）h vs.（57±21）h,P〉0．05]。结论：术前预防性应用IABP辅助可降低重症冠心病患者围手术期死亡率到9％,明显减少IABP应用时间、体外循环时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间。在外科治疗重症冠心病时,IABP使用适应证应当适当放宽。     

高危冠状动脉搭桥患者应用主动脉内球囊反搏治疗的时机选择

目的总结高危冠状动脉搭桥患者应用主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）的经验,探讨预防性置入IABP和被动紧急置入IABP对临床预后的影响,为高危患者置入IABP的时机提供合理依据。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2009年2月1632例冠脉搭桥术或冠状动脉搭桥同期其他心脏手术等高危冠状动脉搭桥患者应用IABP资料,共128例,分预防性置入IABP组（A组）68例和被动紧急置入IABP组（B组）60例。A组为左主干病变（冠脉狭窄〉90％）且无右冠脉保护、心功能低下（左室射血分数〈35％）、顽固性心绞痛保守治疗无效、冠状动脉搭桥同期其他心脏手术;B组为术中循环不稳定、心功能低下脱离体外循环困难或术后血流动力学不稳定、心功能降低等。分析A、B两组术后临床效果,比较两组术后死亡率、并发症发生率、术后心血管活性药物应用、IABP使用时间、术后机械通气时间、住ICU时间。结果A组术后死亡率和并发症发生率为8．8％和4．4％,B组为50．0％和14．9％;术后平均正性肌力药物辅助时间：（57．63±33．66）h比（94．63±62．72）h,P=0．027;平均IABP使用时间：（54．75±37．68）h比（93．12±52．21）h,P=0．015;机械通气时间：（31．83±14．71）h比（89．34±35．17）h,P=0．001;平均住ICU时间：（76.35±47．27）h比（102．41±44．12）h,P=0．032,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对于高危冠状动脉搭桥患者,术前预防性置入IABP能减少正性肌力药物辅助时间,缩短IABP辅助时间、机械通气时间和住ICU时间,降低术后死亡率。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在高危冠状动脉旁路移植患者应用时机的探讨

目的:探讨不同时期置入主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)对高危冠心病患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的安全性、围手术期各指标的影响以及危险因素分析。方法:回顾本中心心脏外科自2015年1月至2018年8月,586例OPCAB患者中78例(13. 3%)高危冠心病患者应用IABP辅助治疗的时机及临床效果。根据置入IABP的时机,将患者分为预防应用组、紧急置入组两组。预防应用组:42例(53. 8%),术前对冠心病高危患者预防性用IABP辅助;紧急置入组:36例(46. 2%),OPCAB术中或术后因循环不稳定紧急置入IABP。对比两组患者使用IABP时间、ICU时间、术后住院天数、并发症、死亡率等指标。结果:两组患者术中旁路移植的桥血管数目及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。预防应用组患者IABP应用时间、机械通气时间及ICU停留时间均明显短于紧急置入组(P0. 05)。术前预防应用组患者围手术期病死率(4. 8%)较紧急置入IABP患者(13. 9%)明显减低(P0. 05)。结论:对于高危冠心病患者术前预防性应用IABP能缩短IABP使用及ICU停留时间,降低术后30 d病死率,预防性应用IABP对高危OPCAB患者是安全有效的,再次置入IABP是高危OPCABG患者短期死亡的危险因素。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术围手术期主动脉内球囊反搏应用时机的临床体会

目的:探讨高危冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者应用主动脉内球囊反搏治疗(IABP)时机的选择问题.方法:对54例高危CABG患者应用IABP的情况进行回顾性分析,比较术前预防性应用组与术中及术后循环状态不稳定情况下应用组的总体病死率、IABP使用时间、机械通气时间、患者住ICU时间及血管活性药物使用情况.结果:术前预防性应用组病死率降低,机械通气时间、患者住ICU时间及血管活性药物使用剂量均显著低于术中及术后应用组.结论:对高危CABG患者预防性应用IABP能够降低围术期病死率,改善患者预后.     

主动脉内球囊反搏置入时机对高危冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术的短期效果评价和危险因素分析

目的:探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)置入时机对高危冠心病患者行冠状动脉(冠脉)旁路移植术(CABG)的短期效果评价和危险因素分析。方法:回顾性分析我院2010-01至2015-12收治并应用IABP辅助CABG的197例高危冠心病患者,男性91例(46.2%),平均动脉压为(70.3±8.2)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)。根据IABP置入时间分为术前置入组(n=89)和术中、术后置入组(n=108)。比较两组围手术期情况,以及机械通气率、重症监护室停留时间,Kaplan-Meier生存分析评价两组的生存情况,并应用Logistic回归分析术后30天死亡的危险因素,应用受试者工作特征性(ROC)曲线和约登指数评估危险因素对病死率的最佳预测阈值和相应的敏感性和特异性。结果:197例患者的主动脉阻断时间为(86.7±37.3)min,体外循环平均时间为(147.3±18.4)min。两组间年龄、性别比例、肌酸激酶同功酶、肌钙蛋白I、肌酐、平均动脉压、欧洲心脏手术风险评估系统评分等均无显著差异(P0.05)。术前置入组与术中、术后置入组比较,术后48 h心肌酶峰值明显降低(mmol/L,130.6±25.4 vs149.7±18.2),机械通气时间(h,81.5±10.3 vs 107.9±11.5)、总住院时间(d,21.3±4.1 vs 27.7±9.4)显著减少,急性肾损伤(3.4%vs23.1%)、脑并发症(5.6%vs 19.4%)和术后30天死亡率(4.5%vs 36.1%)的发生率降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示术前置入组患者的中位生存时间较术中、术后置入组显著延长(d,27.9±1.2 vs 16.5±2.2,P0.05),Logistic回归分析发现再置入IABP(比值比=2.37,95%可信区间:1.42~5.72,P=0.01)为预测术后30天病死率的重要因素。ROC曲线显示再次置入IABP预测患者术后30天病死率的敏感性为75.3%,特异性为67.4%。结论:对于高危CABG的患者,术前置入IABP辅助治疗有助于降低术后心肌酶峰值,缩短呼吸机支持时间和总住院时间,降低短期病死率。再次置入IABP是短期死亡的危险因素。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期使用时机的选择及对预后的影响

目的:比较在冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)围术期不同时段置入主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)患者的预后,寻找IABP的最佳使用时机,以改善患者预后。方法:总结我科2012年1月至2014年4月间,行CABG或CABG合并瓣膜手术且围术期使用IABP的65例病例,根据IABP置入时间的不同分为术前置入组、术中置入组和术后置入组,总结比较三组患者术前的临床资料,术中情况及术后并发症及预后情况。结果:65例病例,根据置入时间的不同分为术前置入组8例,术中置入组38例,术后置入组19例。三组患者性别,年龄,体质量差异无统计学意义。左心室射血分数(LVEF)三组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.007),术前置入组LVEF值最低,术中置入组和术后置入组LVEF差异无统计学意义。术中置入组的CPB时间和主动脉阻断时间显著高于术后置入组。三组间搭桥支数差异无统计学意义。三组患者IABP使用时间,呼吸机辅助时间及ICU滞留时间差异无统计学意义,术后并发症,院内病死率及随访病死率三组间差异无统计学意义。术前置入组除1例患者因股动脉缺血死亡,其余患者均恢复良好。术后置入组的再插管率显著高于术中置入组及术前置入组(P=0.008)。结论:高危冠心病患者术前开始使用IABP,相比较于术中和术后出现低心排时紧急置入,可以达到与其他两组患者相似的近期手术效果。下肢缺血仍然是IABP相关的重要并发症。高危冠心病患者术前使用IABP的优势还需要更多数据的支持。     

预防性应用主动脉球囊反搏在高危左主干病变冠状动脉移植手术中的作用

目的:探讨在高危左主干狭窄的冠心病患者在接受冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)前,预防性应用主动脉球囊反搏(IABP)的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析我院部分高危左主干狭窄冠心病患者,接受CABG手术的病例,手术均采用不停跳CABG手术,术前安装IABP的共有56例。同时统计在我院接受CABG手术围手术期紧迫情况下安装IABP的病例,共有16例。比较这两组病例术中被迫紧急建立体外循环的比例,IABP反搏时间、气管插管时间、ICU时间及术后住院天数。观察术后1 d、术后2 d血浆肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)。结果:术中紧迫组被迫紧急建立体外循环比例高于术前应用组;IABP反搏时间、气管插管时间,预防组少于紧迫组;预防组的术后住院天数少于紧迫组。紧迫组术后2d c Tn I高于预防组。结论:在高危左主干病变CABG手术中预防性应用IABP可以改善围术期的管理,提高救治成功率。     

主动脉内球囊反搏不同应用时机的疗效研究

目的:探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)不同应用时机对冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者血流动力学、术后恢复、NLR、BNP、并发症的影响。方法:选取我院96例CABG患者,根据IABP放置时机分组,20例患者术前放置,作为A组,46例患者术中放置,作为B组,30例患者术后放置,作为C组。结果:A组体外循环率低于B、C组,IABP使用时间、机械通气时间、ICU滞留时间、住院花费均少于B、C组(P0.05);A组IABP后2 h心率、中心静脉压均低于B、C组,末梢血氧饱和度均高于B、C组(P0.05);A组IABP后即刻、IABP后24 h、48 h、72 h、7 d NLR、BNP水平均低于B、C组(P0.05);A组术后低心排血量综合征(LCOS)、急性肾损伤AKI、新发心房颤动发生率低于C组(P0.05)。结论:CABG患者的IABP放置时机选在术前无需进行体外循环,临床效果更佳。     

早期使用IABP对高危冠状动脉搭桥患者预后影响的研究

目的 探讨高危冠脉搭桥患者早期使用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)的效果,评价其对患者预后的影响,为IABP在冠脉外科的临床早期应用提供参考.方法 回顾分析2008年1月至2012年12月1272例冠状动脉搭桥术患者资料,其中高危患者围手术期使用IABP 196例.根据置入IABP的时机,将患者分为A、B两组.A组:104例,术前预防性使用IABP;B组:92例,术中、术后出现低心排、恶性心律失常、脱离体外循环困难或术后血流动力学不稳定应用IABP.分别统计两组患者术后院内死亡率、IABP使用时间、重症监护室(ICU)滞留时间、呼吸机使用时间、正性肌力药物使用时间.结果 术后A、B两组患者院内死亡率分别为6.7％和27.2％,P＜0.025;IABP使用时间(51.36±31.28)h和(91.08±40.55)h,P=0.016;重症监护室(ICU)滞留时间(72.41±39.56)h和(98.66±48.27)h,P=0.036;呼吸机使用时间(28.39±15.73)h和(86.34±30.08)h,P=0.001;正性肌力药物使用时间(58.65±30.56)h和(96.53±32.70)h,P=0.023.术前预防性使用IABP术后死亡率下降,IABP使用时间、ICU滞留时间、呼吸机使用时间、正性肌力药物使用时间均减少,差异有统计学意义.结论 对于高危冠脉搭桥患者术前预防性使用IABP,可降低术后死亡率,减少正性肌力药物使用时间及IABP辅助时间,缩短呼吸机使用时间及ICU滞留时间,改善高危冠脉搭桥患者的预后.     

左西孟旦对冠状动脉旁路移植术术后因左心功能不全应用主动脉内球囊反搏患者预后影响

目的 探讨左西孟旦对冠状动脉旁路移植术术后因左心功能不全应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)患者的影响.方法 收集2017年1月至2019年4月泰达国际心血管病医院心脏大血管外科患者术后因左心功能不全应用IABP的112例患者的临床资料,并以应用"左西孟旦"为分组变量建立倾向匹配44对病例资料,比较两组术后住院时间、呼吸机...     

Statins Decrease Adverse Outcomes in Coronary Artery Bypass for Extensive Coronary Artery Disease as well as Left Main Coronary Stenosis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative and postoperative statins on coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for extensive coronary artery disease as well as left main coronary stenosis (LMS). The data of 626 cases of extensive coronary artery disease as well as LMS patients in Anzhen Hospital between January 1998 and March 2008 for CABG procedure were retrospectively analyzed, and were classified as preoperative statin therapy group (Group A, n = 320) or preoperative no statin therapy group (Group B, n = 306). Propensity scores were estimated to determine the probability of inclusion into statin therapy group, resulting in the successful matching of 267 pairs. The incidence of in‐hospital death, and atrial fibrillation or flutter and disabling stroke was higher in Group B than in Group A. The actuarial freedom from late events at 5 yrs were 98.75%± 0.73% for the postoperative statin therapy group and 88.33%± 3.71% for the postoperative no statin therapy group respectively, P= 0.000. The logistic regression revealed that CRP (>5.0 mg/L), and elevated Troponin I, and emergent procedure, and preoperative IABP support, and EF < 40% were the independent risk factors, and preoperatively statins was the protective factor for the perioperative death; and the Cox proportional hazard also revealed that preoperative IABP support and preoperative cardiac arrest, and EF < 40% were independent risk factors, and postoperatively statins were the protective factor for the late cardiac events. Preoperative statin therapy could provide protective effect in the perioperative period. Postoperative statin usage could provide protective effect on the late cardiac events.     

主动脉内球囊反搏在冠脉搭桥手术围手术期应用时机与疗效的探讨

目的: 探讨主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）在重症冠心病患者围手术期的应用时机。方法: 回顾分析2003年1月～2009年8月45例重症冠心病患者在围手术期应用IABP 的临床资料。根据使用时机不同分为3组:术前组13例,术中组13例,术后组19例,对各组术后呼吸机辅助时间,血管活性药物使用时间,ICU监护时间,术后IABP支持时间,平均心脏指数及手术死亡率等指标进行对比。结果: 45例患者均完成冠脉搭桥手术,总手术死亡率为31%,术前组在术后72 h心脏指数明显优于术中组和术后组,呼吸机辅助时间,术后IABP支持时间明显短于术中组和术后组,手术死亡率低于术后组(均P<0.05), 术前组患者术后使用血管活性药物时间较术中组和术后组缩短(P<0.05)。 结论: IABP是救治重症高危冠心病患者的安全有效手段,对高危患者术前积极应用IABP辅助治疗,可改善心脏功能,增加手术安全性,降低围手术期死亡率。     

Coronary artery bypass grafting in the elderly

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The incidence of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in elderly patients has been increasing. We retrospectively analyzed the results of CABG performed at Shin-Tokyo Hospital between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1998. Preoperative, perioperative, and follow-up data of patients > or = 75 years old (group E, n = 190) were collected, and compared with those of patients < 75 years old (group Y, n = 1,380). RESULTS: Female gender, emergent CABG, preoperative balloon pumping use, cardiogenic shock, hypertension, and preoperative cerebral vascular accident were significantly more frequent in group E (p < 0.05). CABG was completed without any significant differences, except for less frequent use of the bilateral internal mammary artery (p < 0.01), more frequent use of the saphenous vein (p < 0.005), and a greater incidence of blood transfusion in group E (p < 0.0001). The postoperative course required longer intubation, ICU stay, and postoperative hospital stay in group E (p < 0.001), and was more frequently associated with major complication (p < 0.0001) and in-hospital death (p < 0.05). During the mean follow-up of 2.7 years (maximum 6.9 years), the actuarial 5-year survival of groups E and Y were 84.3% and 92.5% (p < 0.01), respectively, excluding in-hospital mortality. The actuarial 5-year cardiac event-free rates were 79.9% in group E and 79.7% in group Y, showing no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: CABG in the elderly carries certain surgical risks. However, the long-term cardiac event-free rate after CABG in the elderly was almost the same as that of younger patients. Inferior long-term survival in the elderly was most likely due to the biological nature of aging.     

Perioperative correlates of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating coronary surgery

Summary Sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT), such as monomorphic or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation, represent the most serious arrhythmic events that can complicate the postoperative course of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The perioperative factors potentially associated with post-CABG sustained VT onset have not been thoroughly investigated. As a consequence, the aim of our study was to identify which perioperative variables might predict post-CABG VT occurrence. One hundred and fifty-two consecutive patients who underwent CABG surgery at our Institute were included in the study. Post-CABG VT occurred in 13 out of 152 patients (8.5%, six cases of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia and seven cases of ventricular fibrillation). Univariate analysis revealed that VT patients were significantly younger (54.8 ± 6.6 vs 60.1 ± 8.8,P = 0.038), exhibited more severe coronary artery disease (CAD) (no. of diseased vessels, 2.92 ± 0.3 vs 2.45 ± 0.7,P = 0.023; and percentage of patients with three-vessel CAD, 91.7 vs 57.3%,P = 0.043), and received a greater number of CABGs than those remaining in sinus rhythm (SR) (percentage of patients receiving three or more CABGs, 76.9 vs 38.8%,P = 0.018) Moreover, VT patients more frequently developed intra- or postoperative myocardial infarction (total CK > 1000, 76.9 vs 38%,P = 0.016; and MB-CK > normal range, 72.7 vs 30.7%,P = 0.014), electrolyte derangement (84.6 vs 45.6%,P = 0.017), and a severe hemodynamic impairment (need for intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), 23 vs 2.9%,P = 0.009). On multivariate analysis, total CK > 1000, postoperative electrolyte imbalance, the need for three or more CABGs, and for IABP all were independent correlates for VT. In conclusion, post-CABG VT seem to be related to the preexistence of a severe underlying coronary artery disease along with perioperative triggering factors, such as acute ischemia, electrolytic disorders, and sudden hemodynamic impairment. This paper is supported by Dottorato di Ricerca in Cardio Chirurgia — Seconda Universita' Napoli     

Impact of Tricuspid Regurgitation and Prior Coronary Bypass Surgery on the Geometry of the Coronary Sinus: A Rotational Coronary Angiography Study

Coronary Venous Geometry in Patients Undergoing CRT . Introduction: The coronary sinus (CS) is often distorted in patients with advanced cardiomyopathy, making CS cannulation difficult. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the underlying cardiac pathology on the variability of the CS anatomy, using rotational coronary venous angiography (RCVA). Methods and Results: Seventy‐nine patients undergoing RCVA for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) were evaluated: age 63 ± 15 years, 43% with prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Aspects of the CS anatomy which could impact cannulation were examined: the CS ostial angle, the posterior displacement of the CS away from the atrioventricular groove, a measure of CS curvature, and the presence of stenoses and aneurysmal dilatations. The CS ostial angle was variable (65–151°, mean 119 ± 19°, <90° in 8 patients) and decreased significantly (P = 0.0022) with increasing severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), reaching 94 ± 18° in patients with severe TR. The posterior displacement of the CS was significantly more accentuated in patients with prior CABG when compared with the patients without CABG (7.1 ± 3.7 vs 4.5 ± 2.8 mm; P = 0.0246). The decrease in luminal diameter at the CS–great cardiac vein (GCV) junction was 2.0 ± 1.0 mm, being more pronounced in patients with prior CABG versus nonCABG (26 vs 20%; P = 0.042). Stenoses and aneurysmal dilatations of the CS–GCV were encountered in 4 (5%) and 6 (8%) of patients, respectively, all of them with prior CABG, representing 12% and 18% of the CABG group. Conclusion: The CS anatomy in patients undergoing CRT is variable, and is impacted by the severity of the underlying TR and history of a prior CABG. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 436–440, April 2010)     

70岁以上患者同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术与心脏瓣膜手术的临床分析

目的总结70岁以上患者同期冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)与心脏瓣膜手术的经验。方法选择70岁以上患者同期实施冠状动脉旁路移植术与心脏瓣膜手术患者22例。主动脉瓣置换8例,二尖瓣置换3例,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换2例,二尖瓣成形5例,二尖瓣加三尖瓣成形2例,主动脉瓣置换加二尖瓣成形1例,二尖瓣置换三尖瓣整形1例。共旁路移植67支,平均1～5(3.1±1.7)支。结果本组围手术期无死亡。重症监护室滞留时间59～163(91.6±35.9)h,机械通气时间12～96(43.8±26.1)h,术后住院时间15～44(21.3±9.2)d。左心室舒张末内径较术前明显降低[(50.5±7.7)mmvs(56.5±10.2)mm,P<0.01)],LVEF较术前明显升高[(52.6±10.6)%vs(47.9±10.2)%,P<0.05]。术后随访6个月～1年,死亡2例。结论老年患者同期施行CABG与心脏瓣膜手术效果满意。加强围手术期管理、恰当处理瓣膜病变、心肌充分再血管化、良好心肌保护和缩短心肌缺血时间是手术成功的关键因素。