超声波测量胆囊体积方法的比较

目的：探索圆锥体公式计算胆囊容积的临床实用性和正确性。材料与方法：运用B超声波测量10例接受胆囊切除术患者术前胆囊各径线,分别用圆锥体公式,椭圆体公式计算胆囊容积,手术切除胆囊后测得胆汁容积为实际容积,对比分析三种方法结果,评价圆锥体公式计算胆囊容积的准确性。结果：圆锥体公式计算所得的胆囊容积较椭圆体公式更接近实际测量数值,两方法所计算出的胆囊容积有统计学差别（P＜0．05）;椭圆体公式计算结果与实际容积间存在统计学差别（P＜0．05）,而圆锥体公式结果与实际容积间没有统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论：圆锥体公式较椭本公式更接近实际容积并能代表胆囊实际容积。     

胆囊摘除后胆总管内径变化的超声观察

目的 :研究有功能和无功能胆囊摘除术后胆总管内径的变化。方法 :选取有功能胆囊和无功能胆囊各 2 0例测量术前术后胆总管内径的变化。结果 :2 0例有功能胆囊切除术后胆总管内径平均增加 1.0± 0 .4,具有胆总管内径增粗的统计学意义 ,2 0例无功能胆囊切除术后 ,胆总管内径无明显增粗 ,其内径变化无统计学意义。结论 :有功能胆囊参与胆道压力系的缓冲和调节作用     

肥胖症患者胆囊体积和收缩功能的超声研究

目的 探讨肥胖症患者与正常体质量者空腹胆囊体积及胆囊收缩功能的差异.方法 对44例肥胖症患者(BMI≥28 kg/m2)、47例体质量正常者(BMI＜24 kg/m2)行胆囊超声检查.分别于空腹状态下及脂餐后第30 min、第45 min、第60 min、第120 min测量胆囊最大长径、左右径、前后径,根据椭圆体公式计算空腹胆囊体积、餐后残余胆囊体积,计算胆囊排空率.比较肥胖组与正常体质量组之间空腹胆囊体积、脂餐后不同时段胆囊排空率的差异.结果 肥胖组的空腹胆囊体积明显大于正常对照组.脂餐后第30 min、45 min、60 min胆囊排空率均明显小于对照组,以第45 min差异最显著.餐后第120 min与第60 min的胆囊残余体积在两组内差异均无统计学意义.结论 肥胖症患者空腹胆囊体积增大,餐后收缩功能减弱.超声对于肥胖症患者胆囊收缩功能的评价时间可缩短至餐后60 min,第45 min为最佳观察时机.     

超声观察与分析胆总管内径在胆囊切除术前后的变化

胆囊切除术后,胆总管是否产生扩张,是长期以来未能定论的问题。本文对97例胆囊切除术前后的患者进行了胆总管内径变化的追踪观察。结论是:胆囊切除术后,胆总管扩张常与术前同时存在的胆总管结石或感染有关。与是否行胆总管引流及手术方式有关。而术前胆总管内径在正常情况下时,术后不会产生代偿性扩张。     

三维超声容积自动测量技术不同旋转步进角度测量胎儿胆囊体积

目的 探讨采用三维超声容积自动测量（VOCAL）技术不同旋转步进角度测量中晚孕期胎儿胆囊体积的一致性,并分析其与孕周的相关性。方法 对157名接受产前筛查的孕妇,采用三维超声VOCAL技术,分别选择旋转步进角度30°、18°、12°,测量胎儿胆囊体积,观察胎儿胆囊体积与孕周的相关性,并比较3种旋转步进角度测量胎儿胆囊体积的一致性。结果 30°、18°、12°旋转步进角度测得胎儿胆囊体积值均与孕周相关性高（r=0.92、0.88、0.90,P均<0.001）,且30°与18°（ICC=0.94）、30°与12°（ICC=0.97）及18°与12°（ICC=0.94）测量胎儿胆囊体积的一致性均良好。结论 采用三维超声VOCAL技术不同旋转步进角度测量胎儿胆囊体积值的一致性良好,且均与孕周高度相关。     

三维超声测量胆囊体积的探讨

目的　评价三维超声测量胆囊体积的准确性。方法　用二维、三维超声测量不同充盈度的离体猪胆囊和 80例成人脂餐前后胆囊的体积 ,比较二维、三维超声的准确性。结果　三维超声测量不规则形离体、成人胆囊体积的准确性分别为 10 4.7%和 97.9%。结论　三维超声测量不规则胆囊体积较二维超声准确     

胆囊穿孔11例超声诊断分析

目的 分析胆囊穿孔的超声诊断价值。方法 使用Acuson 128 XP和HP HX（超声诊断仪,探头频率3.5MHz,患者取仰卧位及左侧卧位。结果 11例均见胆囊结石声像,胆囊壁连续中断3例,胆囊周围局限性积液7例,超声符合率63．7％（7／11）,超声漏诊4例,漏诊率36．3％（4／11）,所有病例均经手术证实。结论 超声对胆囊穿孔的诊断具有较大价值。     

超声诊断胆囊穿孔的应用价值

目的探讨超声检查对胆囊穿孔的诊断价值。方法对32例临床疑诊胆囊疾病并发穿孔的患者术前行超声检查,检查结果与手术结果进行对照分析。结果超声探查胆囊穿孔,其诊断准确率达81．3％,敏感性为92.9％;频率在一定范围内增高（5-7．5MHz）,声像图更能清楚的显示穿孔部位。结论超声检查特别是高频超声诊断胆囊穿孔准确性较高,可作为诊断胆囊穿孔的重要检测手段。     

小儿胆囊穿孔超声表现1例

病例女,1岁,主因间断腹痛、发热多天持续不退,以"阑尾炎"收住入院,查体:面色稍黄,全腹胀,未见肠型及蠕动波,未见腹壁静脉曲张及包块,可触及压痛、反跳痛及肌紧张,肝、脾肋下未探及,叩鼓音,移动性浊音阴性,肠鸣音减弱。实验室检查:白细胞17.8×109L-1,中性粒细胞百分率     

胆囊疾病的超声造影诊断研究

目的探讨超声造影鉴别诊断胆囊良、恶性病变的临床应用价值。方法对56例常规超声诊断为或疑为胆囊癌的病例,采用超声造影（声诺维）和对比脉冲序列成像技术行超声造影检查,分析良、恶性病变的增强特点。结果经手术病理证实胆囊癌26例,良性病变30例。超声造影显示病变早于肝实质增强者胆囊癌为80.8%（21/26）,良性病变为36.7%（11/30）（P〈0.01）。造影开始呈高增强者胆囊癌为80.8%（21/26）,良性病变为46.7%（14/30）（P〈0.01）;表现为增强不均匀者胆囊癌为57.7%（15/26）,良性病变为16.7%（5/30）（P〈0.01）。在注射造影剂60s内病变由高或等增强减退为低增强者胆囊癌为95.8%（23/24）,良性病变为21.4%（6/28）（P〈0.01）。结论胆囊良、恶性病变具有特征的增强表现。超声造影有助于病变性质的鉴别诊断。     

高分辨MRI测量中国健康成人海马及其亚区体积

目的 测量中国健康成人海马及其亚区体积,获得海马体积正常参考值,观察年龄、性别与海马及其亚区体积的关系.方法 自中国健康成人头颅MRI数据库(Chinese 1000)中抽取100名数据,手动测量海马及其亚区体积,对标准化后的测量结果进行统计学分析.结果 各年龄段男、女性双侧海马及其亚区体积差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0...     

Effect of premicturitional bladder volume on the accuracy of postvoid residual urine volume measurement by transabdominal ultrasonography: rate of bladder fullness is of great importance for preventing false-positive residue diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of premicturitional bladder volume (V1) on postvoid residual urine volume (V2) measurements and to assess the ideal V1 for an accurate V2 determination. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy men without any urinary symptoms constituted the study group. Measurements by transabdominal ultrasonography for V1 and V2 were performed for each subject at 3 different phases, each of which was preceded by oral intake of 1000 mL of water and accompanied by "mild," "moderate," and "severe" sensations of micturition, respectively. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD V1 and V2 during the first, second, and third phases were 117.7 +/- 70.3 and 1 +/- 1, 356.2 +/- 112.3 and 11.5 +/- 12 and 639.6 +/- 171.8 and 58.8 +/- 35.2 mL, respectively. With 50 mL as the cutoff value for a pathologic V2, 15 (60%) men had V2 in the third phase exceeding this value, whereas the same rate was calculated as 0% for either of the first 2 phases. No patient with V1 of less than 540 mL had V2 of greater than 50 mL. CONCLUSIONS: Postvoid residual urine volume measurements with an uncomfortably full bladder result in high false-positive postmicturitional residue values even in healthy young men. We strongly advise that V1 measurements of the bladder be performed before V2 measurements and that V2 not be measured if V1 is greater than 540 mL.     

Effects of exercise on gallbladder volume and motility in obese women

PURPOSE: Comparatively few prospective studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity and gallbladder motility, and the results are controversial. Exercise may affect gallbladder motility via neural or hormonal mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of aerobic exercise on gallbladder motility in a group of obese women without gallstones. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three obese women (age 41.2+/-10.3 years, body mass index 40.7+/-6.7 kg/m(2)) were included in the study. Following an overnight fast, fasting and postprandial (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, and 150 minute) volumes and ejection fractions were evaluated with real-time ultrasonography before exercise. For all subjects, the exercise regimen consisted of daily 45-minute walking sessions at 60-80% of maximum heart rate for 4 weeks except weekends. Gallbladder volume and ejection fraction were again evaluated after exercise. RESULTS: Fasting and postprandial (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, and 150 minute) volumes were 38.6+/- 10.9, 32.8+/- 8.8, 27.6/- 8.1, 22.7+/- 8.5, 21.4+/- 7.2, 20.8+/- 7.0, 22.8+/- 7.3, 29.6 +/- 7.0, and 36.8+/- 6.2 cm(3) before the exercise period, respectively, and 40.8+/- 18.9, 29.9+/-11.2, 25.3+/- 9.2, 22.4+/-8.5, 19.6+/-7.8, 17.7+/- 6.8, 17.8+/- 7.3, 23.1+/-10.8, and 29.0+/-14.4 cm(3) after the exercise period, respectively. Postprandial (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, and 150 minute) ejection fractions were 13.5+/-15.9, 27.4+/-15.4, 39.5+/-20.0, 43.2+/-16.7, 44.3+/-17.3, 37.5 +/- 23.5, 23.5 +/-25.1, and 5.5+/- 21.6% before the exercise period, respectively, and 22.6+/- 20.1, 34.6+/-14.5, 42.0+/-13.6, 49.2+/-12.6, 53.1+/-14.1, 52.6+/-16.1, 43.6+/-17.0, and 29.2+/- 26.5% after exercise, respectively. After the exercise period, the 75, 90, 120, and 150 minute volumes were lower (p< 0.05, p< 0.05, p< 0.05, p< 0.01) and the 90, 120, and 150 minute ejection fractions were higher than before exercise (p< 0.05, p < 0.05, p< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that exercise decreased late-phase postprandial gallbladder volume and increased late-phase postprandial gallbladder motility in these obese women.     

Avulsion of the gallbladder following trivial injury

Traumatic cholecystectomy is a rare condition that has always been described in the context of major trauma and associated liver or biliary injuries. We present a case of isolated traumatic cholecystectomy following a trivial injury which resulted in both a delayed presentation and a difficult diagnosis.     

基于超声图像开发膀胱尿量计算程序

目的 采用OpenCV函数开发超声膀胱尿量计算程序,评价其临床应用价值。方法 以超声测量90例患者的膀胱径线,基于OpenCV函数编程识别膀胱最大横切面及纵切面轮廓,计算膀胱最大横切面面积并推导膀胱尿量(V_c),计算V_c与实际尿量(V_a)的差值(V_cd)的绝对值及其与实际尿量的比值(V_cp),并与采用通用膀胱尿量计算公式所获结果(V_f、V_fd及V_fp)进行对比。结果 平均V_a、V_c及V_f分别为(325.41±188.57)ml、(286.71±163.17)ml及(228.91±139.63)ml;经计算,平均V_cd及V_fd分别为(70.58±67.36)ml及(100.74±77.04)ml。统计学分析结果显示,V_cp(0.23±0.18)小于V_fp(0.32...     

Use of a curved-array transducer to reduce interobserver variation in sonographic measurement of thyroid volume in healthy adults

PURPOSE: Sonographic calculation of thyroid volume is used in the diagnosis and follow-up of thyroid diseases. Since the calculated volume of thyroid lobes is highly influenced by the longest (ie, craniocaudal) diameter, we examined whether using a curved-array transducer as opposed to a linear-array transducer to measure the craniocaudal diameter would reduce interobserver variation. METHODS: Three sonographers with different levels of expertise each used a 5-12-MHz linear-array transducer and a 2-5-MHz curved-array transducer to measure the craniocaudal diameter of both thyroid lobes of 25 healthy volunteers. On the basis of these measurements, thyroid lobe volumes were calculated. Single-factor analysis of variance was used to evaluate the interobserver variations between the measurements made by all 3 observers as well as between measurements taken by pairs of observers. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Using the linear-array transducer to measure the craniocaudal diameter resulted in significant interobserver variation in thyroid volume calculation (p = 0.02), whereas using the convex-array transducer did not. Using either transducer resulted in a highly significant interobserver variation in measurements of the craniocaudal diameter, although the variation was far more pronounced for measurements made with the linear-array transducer (p = 0.0005) than for those made with the curved-array transducer (p = 0.04). For both transducers, the interobserver variations were most pronounced between the most and the least experienced sonographers. CONCLUSIONS: To avoid significant interobserver variation in calculating thyroid lobe volume, we recommend using a curved-array transducer to measure the craniocaudal diameter of the thyroid lobes.     

Determination of thyroid volume by Sonography in healthy Brazilian schoolchildren

PURPOSE: Our objective was to establish thyroid volume by sonography in Brazilian schoolchildren and to correlate thyroid volume with anthropometric characteristics. METHODS: Sonographic studies of thyroid volume were conducted in 1,977 schoolchildren (6-14 years old) from 21 villages and towns in Central Brazil. Iodine concentration was analyzed in urine specimens and in salt samples obtained from the children's homes. Thyroid volumes were also compared with volumes reported for other countries. RESULTS: Age, height, and weight correlated with thyroid volume. Thyroid volumes for boys and girls were generally lower than those obtained in Europe and comparable to those obtained in Malaysia and Iran. Urinary iodine excretion was considered elevated in about half of the Brazilian schoolchildren, and the iodine content of salt samples was more than 50 ppm in 58%. CONCLUSIONS: We observed relatively smaller thyroid gland volumes in Brazilian schoolchildren as compared with those reported in Europe. This was apparently due to a higher iodine intake in our population.     

MRI测量中国健康成人脑杏仁核体积

目的 采用MR1测量不同年龄中国健康成人杏仁核体积.方法 于中国健康成人MRI脑数据库中选取100名志愿者,按照年龄分为18?30岁、31?40岁、41?50岁、51?60岁和61?70岁组共5组,每组男、女性各10名.采集头部三维磁化准备双快速采集梯度回波序列图像,获得双侧杏仁核体积及大脑容积,再以颅腔容积进行校正;...     

健康青壮年男性前列腺体积的经腹超声测定研究

目的探讨健康青壮年男性（18～49岁）的前列腺体积变化趋势,分析影响前列腺体积的相关因素,为前列腺增生的临床诊断提供参考。方法选取18~49岁健康青壮年男性志愿者,记录其吸烟及饮酒情况,测量体重、身高,计算体重指数,采用经腹超声测定前列腺左右径、前后径、上下径,并计算前列腺体积。根据年龄将被调查者分为18-29岁、30-39岁、40-49岁3组。结果共计618例符合条件的健康男性纳入本项研究,平均前列腺体积为（16．83±4．84）cm3。其中,30岁以下青年男性的平均前列腺体积为（15．01±3．95）cm3。方差分析显示不同年龄段男性前列腺各径线和前列腺体积差异显著（P〈0．01）,同时各组超重者（体质指数≥24kg/m2）的前列腺体积与体重正常者比较显著增大（P〈O．01）。饮酒与吸烟对前列腺体积变化无显著影响。Pearson相关分析显示,前列腺体积与年龄呈正相关（r=0．42,均P〈O．01）,多元线性回归分析显示,前列腺体积受年龄、体重指数因素的影响（P〈0．05）,而不受吸烟、饮酒的影响。结论随着年龄的增长健康青壮年男性前列腺体积明显增大,体重超重也是影响健康青壮年男性前列腺生长的重要因素之一。     

高分辨MRI测量中国健康成人内嗅皮层体积

目的 获得中国健康成人内嗅皮层体积的正常参考值,分析内嗅皮层体积与年龄、性别的关系.方法 自大型中国成人脑MRI数据库中抽取100份数据,按年龄18?30岁、31?40岁、41?50岁、51?60岁、61～70岁分为5组,每组20名,男、女各10名.手动勾画内嗅皮层边界,应用三维体积分析软件测量其体积,比较不同年龄组、...