凝集素PHA-E、UEA受体在真孕小鼠和假孕模型小鼠孕早期子宫内膜中的变化

目的：探讨子宫内膜凝集素PHA-E和UEA的受体与胚泡植入的关系。方法：应用生物素标记的凝集素PHA-E和UEA，来检测真孕组、单纯假孕组和蜕膜化假孕组小鼠孕早期子宫内膜中两种凝集素受体的分布状况和变化规律。结果：PHA-E受体广泛分布于各组小鼠子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮、蜕膜细胞表面及其周围的ECM；其在真孕组的水平均显著高于假孕组，且在孕9d时，蜕膜化假孕组的水平又显著高于单纯假孕组。UEA受体则主要分布于子宫内膜腺上皮游离缘；其在真孕组的水平高于单纯假孕组，在孕6、9d时，真孕组的水平又明显低于蜕膜化假孕组。结论：凝集素PHA-E受体与小鼠胚泡植入过程密切相关，对UEA受体与胚泡植入的关系尚难做出满意的解释。     

凝集素DBA和WGA的受体在生殖周期小鼠子宫内膜中的亲合细胞化学

目的：探讨凝集素DBA和WGA的受体在胚泡着床过程中的生物学作用。方法：取生殖周期不同阶段的小鼠子宫内膜组织，采用亲合细胞化学和图像分析方法，检测WGA和DBA的受体在子宫内膜中的分布和变化情况。结果：以上2种凝集素受体均存在于生殖周期不同阶段的小鼠子宫内膜，但2者的存在部位和数量有差异。WGA受体广泛存在于子宫内膜腔上皮和腺上皮的游离缘，以及孕期胚胎组织和蜕膜细胞表面及ECM，DBA受体仅见于子宫内膜或胚胎组织血管的内皮及其基膜。并且2种受体在孕早期，尤其是围植入期的水平均显著高于间情期和哺乳期的水平。结论：凝集素WGA和DBA的受体与小鼠胚泡植入过程相关。     

小鼠子宫内膜中鸡冠珊瑚树凝集素和双花藕豆凝集素受体在胚泡植入过程中的表达

目的 探讨小鼠子宫内膜鸡冠珊瑚树凝集素(ECL)受体和双花藕豆凝集素(DBA)受体与胚泡植入的关系.方法 以生物素标记的ECL和DBA来检测怀孕侧和输卵管结扎未孕侧小鼠孕早期子宫内膜中两种凝集 素受体的分布状况和变化规律.结果怀孕侧,ECL主要表达于胚胎滋养层细胞及其基膜,蜕膜细胞及其周围的细胞外基质(ECM);未孕侧,主要表达于子宫内膜上皮和腺上皮.在怀孕侧,DBA受体主要表达于胚胎滋养层细胞和子宫内膜血管基膜;在未孕侧,主要表达于子宫内膜血管的基膜.结论 ECL和DBA受体与小鼠胚泡植入过程密切相关.     

妊娠早期小鼠子宫内膜层粘连蛋白定位、定量及对胚泡植入的作用

目的　研究妊娠早期小鼠子宫内膜层粘连蛋白（ｌａｍ ｉｎｉｎ,ＬＮ）定位和定量变化及其对胚泡着床的作用。方法　应用间接免疫荧光法、免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ技术及图像分析法进行ＬＮ定位和定量测定;利用子宫内注射ＬＮ抗体的方法探讨ＬＮ对小鼠胚泡植入的作用。　结果　动情期及妊娠早期小鼠子宫内膜内源性ＬＮ 在上皮和腺基膜及血管内皮基膜均有表达,并随着植入的发生基膜的ＬＮ 表达减弱,而内膜上皮中ＬＮ免疫染色逐渐增强;外源性ＬＮ 对小鼠胚泡粘附与植入子宫内膜不产生明显影响,层粘连蛋白抗体明显抑制小鼠胚泡着床。　结论　动情期及妊娠早期小鼠子宫内膜的层粘连蛋白主要存在于基膜,胚泡植入期间内膜上皮细胞内ＬＮ 的含量增加;ＬＮ在促进小鼠胚泡粘附与植入子宫内膜过程中起重要作用。     

RhoA在小鼠胚胎围着床期子宫内膜的表达及其意义

目的探讨RhoA在小鼠胚胎植入过程中的表达及其生物学作用。方法取胚胎围种植期（D0至D6天）昆明小鼠子宫作切片，用免疫组织化学方法和图像分析方法对RhoA在子宫内膜中的表达进行定位和半定量分析。结果RhoA主要分布于小鼠子宫内膜腺上皮、腔上皮和基质细胞。受精后，RhoA在子宫内膜的含量高于未孕组（P＜0．05）；受精后第4d（植入期），小鼠子宫内膜腔上皮中RhoA的含量明显增多，明显高于未孕及植入前各时间组（P＜0．05），并逐渐向基质细胞延伸，第5d广泛分布在蜕膜细胞和基质细胞，到第6天大部分子宫内膜基质区域及腺上皮的细胞中有大量的RhoA分布。RhoA在小鼠子宫内膜组织中的表达强度在受精后呈逐渐上升趋势。结论①RhoA可能参与了胚胎的种植和子宫内膜容受性的建立；②还可能间接参与植入后胚胎的滋养层扩展、分化及子宫内膜蜕膜化反应。     

白细胞介素-8在妊娠早期小鼠子宫内膜的表达及对胚泡着床的影响

目的：研究白细胞介素-8（IL-8）在妊娠早期小鼠子宫内膜的表达及其对小鼠胚泡着床的影响。方法：用免疫组化法及图像分析技术对IL-8在妊娠1～6d小鼠子宫内膜的表达进行定位和测定;子宫角注入IL-8抗体,探讨IL-8对胚泡着床的影响。结果：在子宫内膜腔上皮,IL-8主要定位于细胞的游离面,妊娠1d阳性反应最弱,4d表达最强,5d有所下降,6d又开始增强;在子宫内膜腺上皮,妊娠4d表达最弱,5d和6d最强;在子宫内膜的基质细胞,随妊娠天数增加,IL-8的表达逐渐增强。IL-8Ab明显抑制小鼠胚泡着床。结论：IL-8在妊娠早期小鼠子宫内膜持续表达,并参与胚泡的着床调控过程。     

转化生长因子β1及其受体在着床期小鼠子宫内膜中的免疫组织化学研究

目的 进一步证实转化生长因子β１（ｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｉｎｇ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒβ１，ＴＧＦβ１）在胚泡着床过程中的生物学作用。方法 利用昆明小鼠，在着床前后不同时期取材，通过改良的免疫组织化学方法，检测了ＴＧＦβ１及其受体（ＴＧＦＲ１）在子宫内膜中的表达状况。结果 受精后第４ｄ，子宫内膜表面上皮和腺上皮细胞中ＴＧＦβ１及其受体均较未孕期增加，成纤维细胞周围的细胞外基质（ｅｘｔｒａｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒ ｍａｔｒｉｘ，ＥＣＭ）也呈ＴＧＦβ１阳性着色。受精后第５、６ｄ，ＴＦＤβ１及其受体主要表达于初级蜕膜带（ｐｒｉｍａｒｙ ｄｅｃｉｄｕａｌ ｚｏｎｅ，ＰＤＺ）。随着胚泡植入的深入，ＴＧＦβ１及其受体广泛分布于蜕膜细胞。结论 ＴＧＦβ１及其受体的表达与胚泡植入过程密切相关。     

人胚食管上皮凝集素结合部位的观察

选用四种凝集素(WGA、UEA、LCA、BSA)对人胚食管采用ABC法进行石蜡切片的标记.结果发现四种凝集素对不同胚龄的食管呈不同反应.LCA在8月开始于基底层细胞出现微弱阳性反应.在3月,WGA巳能与基底层细胞膜明显结合,UEA和BSA可与非纤毛区细胞结合,而不与纤毛区细胞结合.出生时,四种凝集素的染色均未达到成人食管的染色强度.本研究结果提示,上述凝集素在人胚食管上皮的结合部位的分布情况及染色强度,可作为该上皮细胞的发育、分化程度的标志之一.     

妊娠早期小鼠卵巢、输卵管及子宫内诱导型一氧化氮合酶的分布

目的　了解胚泡着床前后妊娠昆明系小鼠卵巢、输卵管及子宫内诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (inducible ni-tric oxide synthase,i NOS)的分布。　方法　免疫细胞化学 L SAB法。　结果　妊娠 2～ 5 d小鼠的卵巢内 ,黄体细胞上有 i NOS的阳性表达 ;输卵管粘膜上有 i NOS的分布 ,肌层则为阴性 ;妊娠 2、3d的小鼠子宫内 ,阳性标记主要出现在子宫内膜上皮以及子宫内膜中的子宫腺上皮 ,内膜基质细胞为阴性 ;妊娠 4d的子宫内 ,子宫腺及蜕膜部分均有 i-NOS的分布 ,妊娠 5 d时 ,在小鼠胚泡的表面也检测到了 i NOS的存在。　结论　小鼠胚泡着床前后 ,在其卵巢、输卵管及子宫内均有 i NOS的存在 ,提示 i NOS在小鼠胚胎早期发育及着床过程中起作用。     

细胞因子与着床过程中小鼠子宫内膜细胞凋亡的相关性研究

目的 探讨着床过程中小鼠子宫内膜细胞凋亡的调控机制，以及细胞因子在子宫内膜细胞凋亡发生中的生物学作用。方法 用TUNEL法原位检测着床过程中子宫内膜细胞凋亡状况，用原位杂交和免疫组织化学的方法，检测凋亡相关基因(bcl-2、bax)和细胞因子(EGF、bFGF和TGFβ1)在着床期小鼠子宫内膜中的表达，分析凋亡相关基因、细胞因子与子宫内膜细胞凋亡之间的关系，并在体外培养的子宫内膜细胞中，直接检测了上述因子对bcl-2和bax转录的影响。结果 孕4～5d，凋亡细胞主要分布于子宫内膜表面上皮和腺上皮，与此相对应，上皮细胞TGFβ1和bax表达增加，而bFGF和bCl-2表达减少；孕7～8d，凋亡细胞主要分布于胚泡着床部位周围的蜕膜中，此时胚泡周围的蜕膜中，EGF、bFGF和bcl-2表达明显降低，TGEβ1和bax表达明显增加。体外实验显示，培养基中加入抗EGF或bFGF抗体后，bcl-2／bax比率下降，而加入抗TGFβ-1抗体后，bcl-2／bax比率增加。结论 细胞因子、凋亡相关基因与着床期子宫内膜细胞凋亡密切相关，细胞因子可通过调节bcl-2和bax的表达参与细胞凋亡的调控。     

Immunohistochemical study of the expression of receptors to steroid hormones in endometrial hyperplastic processes

We examined 39 women with normal endometrium and 139 women with glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium (without atypia). According to clinical manifestations of hyperplasia, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 74 (53%) had reestablishing menstrual function after total curettage (group 1); 42 patients (30%) with glandular-cystic hyperplasia after curettage and hormonal therapy with progesterone and synthetic progestins (duration 3 to 6 months) had no repeated pathology of the endometrium (group 2); endometrial hyperplasia recurred 2 and 3 times as showed biopsies during 2-5 years of observation in 23 (17%) women (group 3). Immunohistochemical tests of normal endometrium revealed correlations between stages of menstrual cycle and steroid hormone receptors in nuclei of glandular epithelium and stromal cells. Maximum sensitivity of glandular epithelium to estrogen and pronounced expression of estrogenic receptors were observed at middle and late stages of proliferation. High sensitivity of glandular epithelium to progesterone was registered at middle and late stages of proliferation and early stage of secretion. Two types of hormone receptor expression were observed. Type 1 typical for the endometrium of middle and late stage of proliferation was characterised by a high content of receptors to E2 and P in glandular epithelium and stromal cells. Type 2 was observed in patients with recurring glandular hyperplasia and was characterised by a mosaic picture up to complete absence of receptor expression in nuclei of some glands and stromal cells. The detected zones free of receptors to estrogens and progesterone evidence for local disturbance of a regulating role of signal pathways of sexual steroids and can serve a substrate for formation of tissue autonomy.     

雌激素受体和代谢型谷氨酸受体Ⅰ亚型在前脑的分布与共存

为了在受体水平探讨神经与内分泌的相互关系,本文采用免疫细胞化学双重反应方法研究了雌性大鼠雌激素受体和代谢型谷氨酸受体１ 亚型在前脑的分布与共存。用小鼠抗雌激素受体血清和兔抗代谢型谷氨酸受体１ 亚型血清分别孵育或共同孵育切片,ＡＢＣ 法显示前者的反应产物呈粉红色（或棕色）,后者呈黑色。结果表明,两者在大脑皮质和下丘脑都有较广泛的分布,后者除神经细胞外,还分布于侧脑室的室管膜细胞。在双重免疫细胞化学反应的条件下可见３ 种细胞：雌激素受体阳性细胞,代谢型谷氨酸受体１ 亚型阳性细胞和双重反应阳性细胞。双重反应阳性细胞所占的比例因部位而不同。以上结果提示：雌激素和谷氨酸可通过共存于同一神经细胞上的相应受体,在信使、基因和转录水平相互作用,调节神经细胞的功能状态     

Expression of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in the bovine uterus during the estrous cycle

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) has been proposed as a novel regulatory peptide in the reproductive tract. We previously demonstrated that GRP immunoreactivities are found predominantly in the uterine gland epithelial cells of nonpregnant and pregnant cows. The present study focused on the distribution of GRP immunoreactivity and the expression of GRP mRNA in the bovine endometrium during the estrous cycle. Tissues were collected from 21 uterine horns and bodies during the estrous cycle. RT-PCR showed the expected GRP mRNA fragments (284 bp) in the tissues from all stages of the cycle. In situ hybridization results ascertained the expression of the GRP mRNA in the uterine gland epithelial cells and superficial epithelial cells of the endometrium. Positive staining of GRP immunoreactivity in the uterine gland epithelial cells was detected in both the uterine horn and body from all stages of the cycle. In metestrus and diestrus stages, GRP was also detected in the superficial epithelial cells of horn, but not in the body. The degrees of GRP mRNA expression and intensities of GRP immunoreactivity in the endometrium increased from proestrus to diestrus stages. These findings suggest that GRP may be important both in the endometrial remodeling during the estrous cycle and in the implantation and development of blastocysts.     

妊娠与非妊娠大鼠子宫内膜促性腺激素释放激素及其受体的免疫组织化学研究

目的：研究促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH)及其受体在妊娠与非妊娠大鼠子宫内膜中的分布及相对含量,为了解促性腺激素释放激素对子宫内膜的可能功能提供依据。方法：免疫组织化学ABC法及图像分析技术。结果：非妊娠大鼠子宫内促性腺激素释放激素及促性腺激素释放激素受体阳性反应发生在内膜上皮、腺上皮及基质细胞。妊娠大鼠子宫内这二者阳性反应主要发生在内膜上皮及基蜕膜的蜕膜细胞,妊娠大鼠子宫上皮细胞中的促性腺激素释放激素及其受体的相对含量明显高于非妊娠大鼠子宫内膜。结论：妊娠与非妊娠大鼠子宫内膜均能表达促性腺激素释放激素及其受体。     

Lectin-binding affinities of the epithelium in the respiratory tract. A light microscopical study of ciliated epithelium in rat, guinea pig, and hamster

Complex carbohydrate components of surface coat and secretory granules were investigated in the laryngo-tracheo-bronchial epithelium of 3 laboratory animals (rat, guinea pig, and Syrian hamster). 2 groups of epithelial cells were distinguished in the light microscope: ciliated cells and non-ciliated cells. The latter mainly represent secretory cells and are subdivided into serous and mucous secretory cells. Apical glycocalix: In the rat, ciliated cells possess a significant number of Con A, RCA I, and WGA receptors, and a smaller number of UEA I binding sites. In hamsters and in guinea pigs additional binding sites for HPA could be demonstrated. The apical glycocalix of the non-ciliated cells in the rat evince marked staining with RCA I, WGA, and HPA, and less intensive binding of UEA I. In guinea pigs and in hamsters, the presence of additional Con A receptors was noted. Basolateral glycocalix: The basolateral surface coat of ciliated and non-ciliated cells shows identical lectin binding affinities. In the rat, the basolateral glycocalix binds RCA I; in the guinea pig, in addition, positive staining with UEA I and HPA is observed; in the hamster, the basolateral surface coat is outlined by RCA I and HPA receptors. Secretory products: Secretory granules of mucous cells in the rat react with Con A, UEA I and HPA lectins. In guinea pigs, these substances also bind RCA I and WGA lectins. Mucous granules in the secretory cells of the hamster are positive for Con A, RCA I, and HPA lectins. Granules of non-ciliated serous cells of rats bind Con A, UEA I, and HPA lectins. In the guinea pig, this reaction is weaker for UEA I lectin but comparable for Con A and HPA binding. A positive reaction with RCA I lectin only is found in the serous secretory granules of the hamster.