首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 983 毫秒
1.
The distribution of substance P (SP) immunoreactivity and the colocalization of SP with other bioactive substances in chromaffin cells and nerve fibers were investigated in the rat adrenal gland at the light microscopic level. In the capsule and cortex, SP immunoreactivity was seen in some nerve fibers around blood vessels and in thick nerve bundles passing through the cortex directly into the medulla. In the medulla, the SP immunoreactivity was observed in a small number of chromaffin cells; these SP-immunoreactive chromaffin cells were either phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) immunoreactive or immunonegative, indicating that they were either adrenaline cells or noradrenaline (NA) cells. SP-immunoreactive varicose nerve fibers were also found in the medulla and were in contact with a cluster of the NA cells showing catecholamine fluorescence, which suggests that SP from medullary nerve fibers may regulate the secretory activity of the NA cells. Because no SP-immunoreactive ganglion cell was present in the rat adrenal gland, the intra-adrenal nerve fibers were considered to be extrinsic in origin. The double-immunostaining method further revealed that the SP-immunoreactive chromaffin cells also exhibit immunoreactivities for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY), suggesting that these peptides can also be released from the chromaffin cells by certain stimuli. The intra-adrenal nerve fibers in the medulla were composed of SP-single immunoreactive, and SP/CGRP-, SP/choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-, SP/nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-, SP/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)-, ChAT/NOS-, and ChAT/PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers, which may affect the secretory activity of the NA cells. In the adrenal capsule, the nerve fibers were present around blood vessels and showed immunoreactivities for SP/ CGRP, SP/NPY, SP/NOS, and SP/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, suggesting that the origin of nerve fibers in the capsule may differ from those in the medulla.  相似文献   

2.
The expression and distribution of tenascin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, was investigated immunohistochemically using an anti-human tenascin monoclonal antibody (RCB 1) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from 79 patients with skin appendage tumours, and compared with adjacent normal skin. Tissue specimens were pretreated with actinase and processed by the labelled streptavidin-biotin method. In normal skin, tenascin immunoreactivity was consistently found around the ductal portion of the sweat glands, around the lower part of the hair follicle and hair bulbs, and around or within blood vessels. Immunoreactivity was also observed variably around secretory coils of the sweat glands, and below the epidermis. No immunoreactivity was seen around the sebaceous glands. Tumours originating from sweat glands and hair follicles expressed tenascin around the tumour cells nests, while sebaceous gland tumours were immunonegative. Thus, tenascin expression in skin appendage tumours generally resembled that in corresponding normal tissue.  相似文献   

3.
The immunohistochemical distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (ir) in the cat medulla oblongata was examined using an antiserum to rat alpha-CGRP. Comparative distributions of substance P (SP)-like and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-like ir were also studied on sections adjacent to those stained for CGRP, and on sections simultaneously stained for CGRP by double staining techniques. The vast majority of ChAT-ir motoneurones in somatomotor or branchiomotor cranial nuclei (of VI, VII and XII nerves) and their accessory nuclei also displayed a coarsely granular CGRP-ir, shown by electron microscopic examination to represent immunoreactive Golgi bodies. The nucleus ambiguus (IX and X nerves), a mixed branchiomotor and visceromotor nucleus, showed CGRP-ir in a lower proportion of its motoneurones, whereas the purely viseromotor dorsal motor vagal nucleus (X nerve) contained no CGRP-ir cells. A few CGRP-ir but ChAT-negative cells were seen in the ventromedial reticular formation, lateral cuneate nucleus, infratrigeminal nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract. Coarse, often varicose CGRP-ir fibres were most prominent in the X and IX cranial nerve rootlets, the spinal tract of the V nerve and the solitary tract, and also in the V spinal nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract. Many of these also appeared to contain SP-ir. The central patterns of CGRP and SP-ir fibres thus reflect the previously reported coexistence of these peptides in sensory afferent cells of the trigeminal and nodose ganglia. These results are consistent with a role for CGRP as a transmitter or modulator in efferents to striated muscle, sensory afferents and intrinsic neurones in the cat brain stem.  相似文献   

4.
Electron microscope immunocytochemistry was used to determine the intracellular localization and distribution among follicular elements of four peptides: calcitonin, somatostatin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P in the thyroid glands of bats captured in the prehibernation phase of their annual life cycle. Previous studies have shown that this period of the hibernation-activity cycle is characterized by the accumulation and storage of secretory granules in parafollicular cells. Sites of binding of primary antisera to each of the four peptides were identified by means of affinity-purified secondary antisera directly coupled to colloidal gold particles. Calcitonin and somatostatin immunoreactivities were found in all parafollicular cells examined and in every secretory granule within these cells. CGRP was also found in all parafollicular cells examined (n = 75) but only in about half of their secretory granules. In contrast to these peptides, substance P immunoreactivity was not found in any parafollicular cells, but was localized exclusively in nerve endings within the basement membrane of the follicle.  相似文献   

5.
Double immunohistochemistry was used to determine the occurrence and distribution pattern of nerve fibres immunoreactive to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) and galanin (GAL) in seminal vesicles and prostate of the male sheep. Numerous CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibres were found in the mucosal layer and smooth musculature of the seminal vesicles and prostate. In both glands nerve terminals immunoreactive to CGRP were more numerous than SP-IR ones. The majority of CGRP-IR nerve fibers showed colocalization of this peptide and SP. In both layers of the seminal vesicle and prostate, rare nerve terminals immunoreactive to GAL were also found. Immunoreactivity to SP was also found in all GAL-IR nerve fibers. The presence of numerous CGRP- and SP-IR nerve fibers in the seminal vesicle and prostate of the male sheep suggests that these neuropeptides may be involved in the sensory transmission and/or control of smooth muscle contractility. On the other hand, a relatively low number of GAL-IR nerve fibers of the seminal vesicle and prostate suggest that this peptide may act as an anti-nociceptive agent. It cannot be excluded that, in the seminal vesicle, GAL may also be involved in the control of the smooth muscle fiber activity. The possible role of CGRP, SP and GAL in the regulation of functions of the accessory sexual glands needs to be determined in further physiological studies.  相似文献   

6.
Immunoreactivity to insulin (Ins), somatostatin (Som), glucagon (Glu) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was found in 70%, 22%, 15% and 11% respectively of Houbara pancreatic endocrine islet cells. Whilst Ins occurred centrally and SOM was observed both in peripherally and centrally located islets, the other hormones were localised in peripheral islet cells; Som was also observed in neuronal cell bodies and nerve fibres. In addition, the islet cells contained substance P (SP) (65%) in the centre and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (2%) at the periphery. Immunoreactivity to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), VIP and galanin (Gal) occurred in the walls of blood vessels located mainly at the periphery of islets. Occasionally, VIP and Gal immunoreactive varicose nerve terminals and ChAT immunoreactive cell bodies were also observed in the centre of islets. SP neuronal cell bodies were not observed but prominent SP immunoreactive varicose terminals were discernible in capillary walls within the islets. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactive neurons were detected in neuronal cell bodies located mainly peripherally. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactivity occurred in neuronal cell bodies and nerve fibres mainly at the periphery and also in centrally located islet endocrine cells. Immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was similar in distribution to that of ChAT. In comparison with other avian species, the islets of the dorsal pancreatic lobe of the bustard contain all the peptidergic hormones normally present in the islets of other avian species, but are not segregated into dark A and light B cells. Many of the insulin containing cells also contained SP. The islets also contained several neuropeptides which are probably involved in their regulation.  相似文献   

7.
Skin distribution of substance P (SP)-, somatostatin (SOM)-, calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and neuropeptide-Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in vitiligo patients was studied by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Immunocytochemical characteristics of the epidermis, dermoepidermal junction, papillary and reticular dermis, and skin appendages were analyzed in lesional and marginal vitiligo areas as well as in healthy skin. SP-, SOM-, CGRP-, and NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in healthy pigmented skin, with patterns specific for immunoreactive distribution. Thin SP-containing fibers were observed in dermal papillae, extending into the epidermis, and SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were seen around blood vessels and sweat glands. SOM-immunoreactive varicose nerve fibers were associated with Meissner's corpuscles in dermal papillae, while CGRP-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in free subepidermal nerve terminals and sensory nerve fibers around blood vessels, hair follicles and sweat glands. Autonomic NPY-containing nerve fibers innervated eccrine sweat glands and blood vessels. The distribution of these neuropeptides was the same in healthy controls, except for an increased immunoreactivity to NPY and to a lesser extent to CGRP. These results suggest that NPY may serve as a neurochemical marker in the pathogenesis of the disease, thus supporting the neuronal theory of vitiligo.  相似文献   

8.
By the use of light microscopic (LM) immunohistochemistry, the presence of peptides and of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in nerves supplying mammalian (guinea pig, rat, cat, pig, mouse, human) lymph nodes were examined. In all species, lymph nodes of various somatic and visceral regions were found to contain nerve fibers which stained for neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or DBH. SP- and CGRP-immunoreactive (ir) fibers completely overlapped and exhibited the widest distribution. They were present in perivascular, paravascular and many non-vascular fibers travelling in close contact with lymphoid cells. In contrast, NPY-ir fibers coincided with those staining for DBH, prevailed in perivascular plexus and only rarely branched off into lymphoid parenchyma. Alternate staining of adjacent sections revealed that SP/CGRP-ir fibers were different from NPY/DBH-ir fibers. The distribution of VIP-ir fibers was identical to that of PHI-ir fibers and partially overlapped with that of ir-NPY/DBH or ir-SP/CGRP fibers. We conclude that the NPY innervation of lymph nodes is sympathetic noradrenergic while nerves coding for co-existing SP and CGRP are most likely of sensory origin. The nerves containing co-existing VIP and PHI may be of heterogenous origin (sensory, cholinergic sympathetic, and/or parasympathetic). We suggest that these distinct sensory and autonomic peptidergic pathways linking the nervous system with the lymph nodes may play a differential role in bidirectional neuroimmunomodulation.  相似文献   

9.
Summary Using double immunogold staining procedures, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like and substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivities were localized at the ultrastructural level to guinea pig trigeminal ganglia, dorsal root ganglia and peripheral nerve fibres associated with the vascular system. CGRP-like and SP-like immunoreactivities were found consistently in large granular secretory vesicles (70–100 nm in diameter), and both peptide immunoreactivities were co-localized to the same vesicle in both sensory ganglion cells and within axons and their terminals in the adventitia and adventitial-medial border of the superior mesenteric artery. These results suggest that CGRP and SP are co-stored and may be released together from peripheral axons in the guinea pig.  相似文献   

10.
By the indirect immunofluorescence method, the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like immunoreactivity (LI) and its possible colocalization with neuropeptide immunoreactivities, with two enzymes for the catecholamine synthesis pathway, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), as well as the enzyme for the acetylcholine synthesis pathway, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were studied in the anterior pelvic ganglion (APG), the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) and the hypogastric nerve in the male guinea pig. The analyses were performed on tissues from intact animals, as well as after compression/ligation or cut of the hypogastric nerve. In some cases the colonic nerves were also cut. Analysis of the APG showed two main neuronal cell populations, one group containing NOS localized in the caudal part of the APG and one TH-positive group lacking NOS in its cranial part. The majority of the NOS-positive neurons contained ChAT-LI. Some NOS-positive cells did not contain detectable ChAT, but all ChAT-positive cells contained NOS. NOS neurons often contained peptides, including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY), somatostatin (SOM) and/or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Some NOS cells expressed DBH, but never TH. The second cell group, characterized by absence of NOS, contained TH, mostly DBH and NPY and occasionally SOM and CGRP. Some TH-positive neurons lacked DBH. In the IMG, the NOS-LI was principally in nerve fibers, which were of two types, one consisting of strongly immunoreactive, coarse, varicose fibers with a patchy distribution, the other one forming fine, varicose, weakly immunoreactive fibers with a more general distribution. In the coarse networks, NOS-LI coexisted with VIP- and DYN-LI and the fibers surrounded mainly the SOM-containing noradrenergic principal ganglion cells. A network of ChAT-positive, often NOS-containing nerve fibers, surrounded the principal neurons. Occasional neuronal cell bodies in the IMG contained both NOS- and ChAT-LI. Accumulation of NOS was observed, both caudal and cranial, to a crush of the hypogastric nerve. VIP accumulated mainly on the caudal side and often coexisted with NOS. NPY accumulated on both sides of the crush, but mainly on the cranial side, and ENK was exclusively on the cranial side. Neither peptide coexisted with NOS. Both substance P (SP) and CGRP showed the strongest accumulation on the cranial side, possibly partly colocalized with NOS. It is concluded that the APG in the male guinea-pig consists of two major complementary neuron populations, the cholinergic neurons always containing NOS and the noradrenergic neurons containing TH and DBH. Some NOS neurons lacked ChAT and could represent truly non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurons. In addition, there may be a small dopaminergic neuron population, that is containing TH but lacking DBH. The cholinergic NOS neurons contain varying combinations of peptides. The noradrenergic population often contained NPY and occasionally SOM and CGRP. It is suggested that NO may interact with a number of other messenger molecules to play a role both within the APG and IMG and also in the projection areas of the APG.  相似文献   

11.
The presence of several neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), galanin (GAL), enkephalin (ENK), somatostatin (SOM) was established in the early pregnant human cervix using indirect immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry. Several peptides (VIP, NPY, CGRP, GAL) were present both in free nerves among smooth muscle cells and around blood vessels. Others (SP, SOM) were only seen as single varicosities among smooth muscle cells. Randomized treatment of patients with RU 486 (mifepristone) prior to surgical sampling revealed no clearcut differences in peptide immunoreactivities. After RU 486 treatment, however, there was a tendency towards a decrease of NPY- and VIP-immunoreactivity, and an increase of CGRP-immunoreactivity.  相似文献   

12.
Neuropeptides are the mediators of neurogenic inflammation. Some pain disorders, e.g. complex regional pain syndromes, are characterized by increased neurogenic inflammation and by exaggerated sudomotor function. The aim of this study was to explore whether neuropeptides have a peripheral effect on human sweating. We investigated the effects of different concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) on acetylcholine-induced axon reflex sweating in healthy subjects (total n = 18). All substances were applied via dermal microdialysis. The experiments were done in a parallel setting: ACh alone and ACh combined with CGRP, VIP or SP in various concentrations were applied. Acetylcholine (10−2 m ) always elicited a sweating response, neuropeptides alone did not. However, CGRP significantly enhanced ACh-induced sweating ( P < 0.01). Post hoc tests revealed that CGRP in physiological concentrations of 10−7–10−9 m was most effective. VIP at any concentration had no significant effect on axon reflex sweating. The duration of the sweating response ( P < 0.01), but not the amount of sweat, was reduced by SP. ACh-induced skin blood flow was significantly increased by CGRP ( P < 0.01), but unaltered by VIP and SP. The results indicate that CGRP amplifies axon reflex sweating in human skin.  相似文献   

13.
Kay AB  Ali FR  Heaney LG  Benyahia F  Soh CP  Renz H  Lee TH  Larché M 《Allergy》2007,62(5):495-503
BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of late asthmatic reactions provoked in atopic asthmatics by allergen-derived T-cell peptide epitopes remain unclear. Previous studies showed no changes in airway eosinophils or mast cell products after peptide challenge. In the present study our aim was to measure calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neurokinin (NK)-A, and substance P (SP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial biopsies (BB) after inhalation of allergen-derived T-cell peptide epitopes since these neuropeptides (NP) had not previously been evaluated in this chronic asthma model. METHODS: Bronchoscopy, with BB and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), was performed in 24 cat-allergic subjects 6 h after inhalation of Fel d 1-derived peptides. Neuropeptides were measured in BAL by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and CGRP expression in the airways was assessed by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS: Twelve subjects (termed 'responders') developed isolated late reactions. Calcitonin gene-related peptide, but not NK-A or SP, was significantly elevated in BAL in responders only. Biopsy studies showed that in virtually all responders peptide challenge induced marked increases in CGRP immunoreactivity in bronchial epithelial cells, infiltrating submucosal cells and in association with airway smooth muscle. Double immunostaining indicated that CGRP colocalized predominantly to CD3+/CD4+ and CD68+ submucosal inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION: Calcitonin gene-related peptide, a potent vasodilator, is markedly up-regulated in the airways of atopic asthmatics during late-phase reactions provoked by inhalation of allergen-derived T-cell peptides.  相似文献   

14.
Isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA) were localized immunohistochemically by the immunoglobulin-peroxidase bridge technique on fixed paraffin sections of human eccrine sweat glands. Low-activity CA I was identified in the cytoplasm of the myoepithelial cells in the secretory coil and in the luminal and basal cells of both the coiled and straight segments of the duct. High-activity CA II was found in the cytoplasm of clear cells of the secretory coil. Although evidence has suggested that CA activity is altered in cystic fibrosis (CF), the present immunohistochemical comparison of CF sweat glands revealed a distribution of and, semiquantitatively, a prevalence of CA isozymes identical to those of normal sweat glands. Abnormal enzyme activity cannot be ruled out, however, on the basis of immunocytochemical staining which depends solely on the antigenic properties of CA.  相似文献   

15.
《Acta histochemica》2014,116(8):1374-1381
In order to evaluate the function of the repaired or regenerated eccrine sweat glands, we must first localize the proteins involved in sweat secretion and absorption in normal human eccrine sweat glands. In our studies, the cellular localization of Na+–K+-ATPase α/β, Na+–K+–2Cl-cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) in eccrine sweat glands were detected by immunoperoxidase labeling. The results showed that Na+–K+-ATPase α was immunolocalized in the cell membrane of the basal layer and suprabasal layer cells of the epidermis, the basolateral membrane of the secretory coils, and the cell membrane of the outer cells and the basolateral membrane of the luminal cells of the ducts. The localization of Na+–K+-ATPase β in the secretory coils was the same as Na+–K+-ATPase α, but Na+–K+-ATPase β labeling was absent in the straight ducts and epidermis. NKCC1 labeling was seen only in the basolateral membrane of the secretory coils. AQP5 was strongly localized in the apical membrane and weakly localized in the cytoplasm of secretory epithelial cells. The different distribution of these proteins in eccrine sweat glands was related to their functions in sweat secretion and absorption.  相似文献   

16.
17.
The irritation response of the rabbit eye to trigeminal nerve stimulation, which includes a breakdown of the blood–aqueous barrier (BAB), seems to be due to the release of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In order to assess the relative importance of these two peptides for the barrier effect, and the role of arachidonic acid metabolites (AAM) in the response, we have studied the effects of intravenous injections of the peptides on the permeability of the blood vessels of the anterior uvea and the BAB using labelled albumins. At a dose of 120 pmol kg-1 there was marked leakage of labelled albumin into the aqueous humour in animals under pentobarbital anaesthesia. The leakage was enhanced by sympathotomy. In conscious animals 5 pmol kg-1 CGRP caused enhanced leakage from the blood vessels of the ciliary processes in those pre-treated with biperiden in order to abolish the cholinergic vasoconstrictor tone in the anterior uvea. 24 and 120 pmol kg-1 CGRP caused marked leakage of albumin and a breakdown of the epithelial part of the BAB. These effects were not modified by biperiden pre-treatment, but markedly reduced by pre-treatment with indomethacin. The protecting effect of indomethacin was lost when biperiden was given as well. SP did not cause a leakage with 5 nmol kg-1 and only moderate leakage with 25 nmol kg-1. This effect was abolished by pre-treatment with indomethacin but not if indomethacin was combined with biperiden. The results indicate that the effects of CGRP and SP on the blood–aqueous barrier are dependent on the tone of the uveal blood vessels, and suggest that the two neuropeptides tend to release vasodilating AAM. CGRP is likely to play a much greater role than SP in the neurogenic breakdown of the blood–aqueous barrier since the two peptides seem to be released in comparable amounts.  相似文献   

18.
Low doses of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been shown to augment the salivary volume secretion evoked by muscarinic receptor agonists or substance P (SP) in rat parotid gland. Since VIP and CGRP are known to activate adenylate cyclase, we have studied whether forskolin, which directly activates this enzyme, can mimic the effects of these peptides on salivary secretion from the parotid gland in anaesthetized (Inactin 0.5 g kg-1 i.p.) rats. We have also studied the effect of the secretagogues and peptides on glandular blood flow as revealed by the laser Doppler technique. Carbachol (5 nmol kg-1) and SP (185 pmol kg-1) injected i.v. caused a transient increase in parotid blood flow and a decrease in systematic blood pressure concomitant with a salivary secretion of 3.3 +/- 0.3 mg (n = 22) and 18.7 +/- 1.9 mg (n = 25) respectively. VIP (150 pmol kg-1) and CGRP (25 pmol kg-1) also caused a transient increase in glandular blood flow concomitant with a decrease in systemic blood pressure, but no salivary secretion. The glandular blood flow increased by 166 +/- 5% and 43 +/- 11% for VIP and CGRP respectively. When carbachol was given 20 s after the injection of VIP or CGRP, the secretory response was increased by about 250% and 60% respectively. The adenylate cyclase stimulator forskolin (2.5 pmol kg-1) produced the same type of response regarding blood flow and systemic blood pressure as VIP and CGRP and potentiated the salivary secretion evoked by carbachol (5 nmol kg-1) by about 100%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

19.
The irritation response of the rabbit eye to trigeminal nerve stimulation, which includes a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB), seems to be due to the release of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In order to assess the relative importance of these two peptides for the barrier effect, and the role of arachidonic acid metabolites (AAM) in the response, we have studied the effects of intravenous injections of the peptides on the permeability of the blood vessels of the anterior uvea and the BAB using labelled albumins. At a dose of 120 pmol kg-1 there was marked leakage of labelled albumin into the aqueous humour in animals under pentobarbital anaesthesia. The leakage was enhanced by sympathotomy. In conscious animals 5 pmol kg-1 CGRP caused enhanced leakage from the blood vessels of the ciliary processes in those pre-treated with biperiden in order to abolish the cholinergic vasoconstrictor tone in the anterior uvea. 24 and 120 pmol kg-1 CGRP caused marked leakage of albumin and a breakdown of the epithelial part of the BAB. These effects were not modified by biperiden pre-treatment, but markedly reduced by pre-treatment with indomethacin. The protecting effect of indomethacin was lost when biperiden was given as well. SP did not cause a leakage with 5 nmol kg-1 and only moderate leakage with 25 nmol kg-1. This effect was abolished by pre-treatment with indomethacin but not if indomethacin was combined with biperiden.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

20.
Immunoreactivity for endocrine peptides (serotonin, gastrin, somatostatin, insulin, corticotropin, calcitonin, neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and bombesin), cytoskeletal proteins (high and low molecular weight keratins), and tumor differentiation markers (chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, carcinoembryonic antigen, S100 protein, and Grimelius stain) was sought on nine cervical and one vaginal poorly differentiated small-cell carcinoids. Dense-core secretory granules were ultrastructurally identified in all cases (seven of ten) in which tissue was available for electron microscopy. Immunoreactivity for endocrine secretory products was rarely noted, and only in a minority cell population (serotonin in two of ten). The majority of the tumors exhibited immunoreactivity for low molecular weight keratin (AE1/AE3 in eight of ten; CAM 5.2 in seven of nine), and three of ten tumors focally expressed high molecular weight keratin. Among the markers of neuroendocrine differentiation, neurospecific enolase was more frequently expressed (ten of ten) than chromogranin (five of ten) or argyrophilia (three of ten). Carcinoembryonic antigen was present in eight of ten tumors. S100 protein was absent in all cases. In summary, poorly differentiated small-cell carcinoids of the lower female genital tract, similarly to other small-cell endocrine tumors, occasionally exhibit focal glandular and squamoid differentiation, and only relatively infrequently or focally express immunohistochemically detectable endocrine secretory products, chromogranin, and argyrophilia.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号