临猗县2003年至2006年结核病控制项目效果评价

为提高结核病控制工作质量,保护广大人民群众身体健康,我县于2002年10月1日开始实施“中国结核病控制-日本援助项目”、“全球基金结核病控制项目”(简称“项目”)。在全县范围内加强结核病归口管理,规范患者治疗,全面推行现代结核病控制策略,现对2003年至2006年4年来我县项目中患者发现情况、存在的问题及努力方向进行探讨。1资料和方法1.1资料来源本文分析资料来源2003年至2006年结核病控制项目启动以来县疾控中心的各种统计数字及报表资料。1.2患者发现方式1.2.1因症就诊通过政府参与,利用媒体宣传,在县电视台播放结核病免费政策和防治知识,以及县疾控中心人员下乡入村搞宣传,设立咨询点,发放结核病宣传资料对公众进行健康教育,提高公众结防知识知晓率,发动有症状可疑肺结核患者就诊。1.2.2转诊综合医疗机构转诊,加强结核患者归口管理,县疾控中心定期对县内各综合性医院防保人员、专业医师进行培训,培训内容主要是对疑似患者和确诊患者的转诊程序,及时转诊到疾控中心。1.2.3推荐基层医务人员推荐可疑患者,乡、村两级基层医务人员对咳嗽、咳痰3周以上或咯血的肺结核症状者,推荐到县疾控中心进行免费检查。2结果2.1项目实施前...     

结防机构与综合医院合作开展肺结核病人转诊及追踪工作模式初探

目的 依法开展结核病归口管理工作,由结防机构与综合医院合作开展肺结核病人转诊及追踪工作.方法 从2003年起,按照全球基金结核病控制项目要求:县慢性病防治所对推荐和转诊的单位或个人每推荐或转诊1例由县慢性病防治所确诊的肺结核病例发给转诊劳务费12元,以激励转诊者的积极性.利用综合医院的人力、物力资源和结防机构公共卫生管理职能及三级防痨网的作用,从5个方面探讨合作模式以加强对肺结核病的管理.结果 肺结核病人的发现率及转诊率逐年提高,到县结防所登记管理的病人转诊率为:2003年18.80%,2004年54.21%,2005年56.53%,2006年65.14%.网络追踪工作的开展有效提高了病人到位率.结论 对传染性肺结核病人免费检查和免费治疗是结核病控制项目成功的核心;健全的服务体系和激励机制是项目成功的条件;对综合医院相关科室的医生进行结核病知识培训,进一步提高综合医院结核病诊断水平,特别是对不典型结核病的诊断和耐药肺结核病人的治疗,重视胸片及查痰工作.对肺结核病人实施归口管理是执行DOTS的基础,结防机构与综合医院加强合作、开展双向转诊工作能有效提高肺结核病人的发现率和治愈率.病人转诊的具体措施是:将疫情报告率、转诊率和转诊到位率、病人督导管理纳入医院工作目标考核内容,与奖惩挂钩,有效地推动了我县结核病控制工作的全面开展.     

结核病控制项目工作中实施可疑肺结核症状者转诊发现肺结核病人效果分析

高发现率是结核病控制项目（以下称项目）工作的主要目标之一。为了实现这一目标，从1992年实施结核病控制项目，加强可疑肺结核症状者转诊，实施结核病归口管理问），提高了病人的发现率。现将项目实施五年（1992～1996年）转诊的可疑肺结核症状者发现肺结核病人进行分析。1资料和方法1．1资料来源：本文资料来源于我站结防科门诊登记的肺结核病人或可疑肺结核患者。1992～1996年共登记可疑肺结核患者2855人，发现活动性肺结核555例，其中徐阳病人335例，初冶徐明病人220例。在涂阳病人中初治徐阳229例，复治徐阳106例。1．2发现方法1，2．…     

南阳市卧龙区肺结核病人不同转诊方式的效果评价

肺结核病归口管理是结核病控制的一项重要措施。南阳市卧龙区从1995年开始实施结核病归口管理，所有医务人员发现可疑肺结核病人要进行登记、报告并及时转诊到当地结核病防治机构进行确诊、治疗和管理。2000年2月南阳市在一般转诊的基础上，开始在全市范围内推行综合医疗单位“放射科转诊”模式。本文通过对实施“放射科转诊”前后5年可疑肺结核病人转诊到位率、活动性肺结核病人新登记率等动态指标进行观察比较，评价两种不同转诊方式的实际效果，为更有效的落实结核病归口管理及结核病控制工作提供依据。     

某市结核病控制效果评价

目的了解某市2002～2006年结核病控制项目工作执行成效。方法对某市2002～2006年对实施结核病项目、加强结核病归口管理、结核病病人转诊、治愈情况进行分析。结果肺结核病人的转诊率和到位率及传染性肺结核病人的发现率和治愈率逐年提高。结论结核病归口管理对结核病病人的转诊和治疗有重要作用。     

市区医疗卫生机构可疑肺结核患者转诊情况分析

肺结核归口管理是结核病控制的一项重要措施，而肺结核的转诊是归口管理的重要途径。本文通过对大庆市各级医疗卫生机构1998～2004年可疑肺结核患者的转诊情况进行分析，探讨加强转诊的措施，从而提高肺结核患者的发现率。     

邢台市2008-2012年肺结核患者来源情况分析

目的分析2008-2012年邢台市肺结核患者来源情况,为有针对性采取结核病防控策略提供依据。方法利用《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》结核病专报系统对肺结核患者就诊内容进行汇总、统计和分析。结果登记的活动性肺结核患者18 503例中,就诊来源依次是因症就诊占54.67%、转诊占22.26%、因症推荐占13.03%,三者合计占总就诊人数的89.98%;登记涂阳肺结核患者11 654例,涂阳检出率为62.98%,就诊来源依次是因症就诊占55.49%、转诊占23.15%、因症推荐占13.53%,三者合计占总就诊人数的92.17%。结论邢台市肺结核感染患者和涂阳肺结核患者就诊方式均以因症就诊、转诊和因症推荐为主;从就诊趋势看,因症推荐和追踪两者构成比呈逐年上升趋势,转诊构成比呈逐年下降趋势,进一步加强医防合作和对转诊未到位患者的追踪、提高综合医疗机构肺结核患者转诊率和追踪到位率对患者规范化治疗管理具有现实意义。     

综合医院在结核病归口管理工作中的作用

漯河市位于河南省中部，市辖2县3区，总人口为250万人。漯河市从1998年开始实施结核病归口管理工作，要求所有医务人员发现可疑肺结核或肺结核病人要进行登记、报告并及时转诊到当地结核病防治机构进行确诊、治疗和管理。近几年卫生行政部门加强了行政干预力度，进一步落实肺结核归口管理措施，取得了很大的成绩，为评价各级综合医院在结核病归口管理工作中的作用，     

2011年南莫镇结核病归口管理情况分析

为进一步加强全镇3家医院和16家社区卫生服务站结核病患者发现、登记、报告、转诊工作，切实完成县下达给我镇的各项结核病防治工作任务指标，我所于2011年12月31日对全镇所有单位结核病归口管理工作进行全面检查，现将有关结果报告如下：1检查方法按照我县工作要求，按疾控中心设计统一督查表格。督查前对检查人员按督查表内容进行培训，统一督查标准和方法。对结核病防治工作的组织制度、宣传培训采取现场核查资料的方式；对结核病报告、转诊情况，通过将各科室的原始记录（门诊日志、放射科登记或报告单、出入院登记簿）与科室内结核病患者专用登记本核对，将各科室结核病患者专用登记本汇总，剔除重复患者后与院内传染病总登记本、转诊单存根、网络直报和南通市结核病专报系统进行核对，得出被查单位的报告、转诊的患者数和相应比率。     

宁县肺结核病人归口管理8年效果分析

目的：根据8年来本辖区肺结核病人转诊报告的实际情况,探讨提高转诊到位的可行办法,以采取有效的管理措施提高肺结核病人的归口管理水平。方法：对县乡医疗单位转诊、报告、到住、结防机构接诊情况及病人来源资料进行统计分析。结果：①2001年转诊率为9．2％,转诊到位率为33．3％,到2008年转诊率为66．4％,转诊到位率为84．7％,肺结核病人转诊率、转诊到位率有明显提高;②医院转诊占结防门诊就诊数的38．9％,涂阳检出率占29．1％,显示医院转诊涂阳检出率明显高于结防门诊就诊涂阳检出率;③38．6％病人自觉就诊,县级转诊率9．7％,乡级转诊率38．7％,村级转诊率13．0％,2008年乡村级转诊率达68．1％,表明世／英项目及FIDELIS项目之后病人来源以乡村级转诊为主。“两项目”为转诊及涂阳病人的发现起到了积极的推动作用。结论：只有采取行之有效的行政干预措施,强化医院转诊管理才是提高结核病人转诊报告的关键,广泛深入的结核病知识及有关结控项目政策的宣传是基础,及时有效的监督检查是保证归口管理工作实施的主要手段,FIDELIS项目集中推荐是发现传染源的切实可行的有效措施。     

Evaluation of diuretic and laxative activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata （L,） Stapf in rats

OBJECTIVE： In continuation to the growing evidence for therapeutical potential of Desmostachya bipinnata （Linn） Stapf, the current pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate the diuretic and laxative activity of its hydro-alcoholic extract in rats. METHODS： The hydro-alcoholic extract of D. bipinnata whole plant was prepared by using Sox- hlet extractor and subjected to analysis by standard preliminary phytochemical tests. Evaluation of both diuretic and laxative activity was carried out using standard methods as reported earlier. Frusemide （20 mg/kg） was served as positive control for diuretic activity and sennosides （10 mg/kg） served as negative control for laxative activity. RESULTS： The hydro-alcoholic extract showed significant diuretic activity and was found to be the most potent in increasing the urinary output at 500 mg/kg when the effect was compared with that of the standard frusemide （P〈0.01）. Moreover, this extract was found to be most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration （Na＋, K＋, and Cl-） at both doses tested. Whereas the results for laxative activity showed minimal increase of feces output at the dose of 500 mg/kg and the increase was negligible when compared with that of the standard drug sennosides. CONCLUSION： Altogether, the above significant findings validate and support its folkloric diuretic use and lend pharmacological credence to the ethno-medical use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, which demands further studies to investigate its active constituents, as well as its use and safety.     

Effect of the disruption of three cytoskeleton components on chondrocyte metabolism in rabbit knee cartilage

Background Chondrocytes＇ phenotype and biosynthesis of matrix are dependent on having an intact cytoskeletal structure.Microfilaments,microtubules,and intermediate filaments are three important components of the cytoskeletal structure of chondrocytes.The aims of this study were to determine and compare the effects of the disruption of these three cytoskeletal elements on the apoptosis and matrix synthesis by rabbit knee chondrocytes in vitro.Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from full-thickness knee cartilage of two-month-old rabbits using enzymatic methods （n=24）.The isolated cells were stabilized for three days and then exposed to low,medium,and high doses of chemical agents that disrupt the three principal cytoskeletal elements of interest：colchicine for microtubules,acrylamide for intermediate filaments,and cytochalasin D for actin microfilaments.A group of control cells were treated with carrier.Early apoptosis was assessed using the Annexin-FITC binding assay by flow cytometry on days 1 and 2 after exposure to the disrupting chemical agents.The components and distribution of the cytoskeleton within the cells were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM） with immunofluorescence staining on day 3.The mRNA levels of aggrecan （AGG） and type Ⅱ collagen （Col-2） and their levels in culture medium were analyzed using real-time PCR and enzymelinked immunosorbent serologic assay （ELISA） on days 3,6,and 9.Results In the initial drug-dose-response study,there was no significant difference in the vitality of cells treated with 0.1 μmol/L colchicine,2.5 mmol/L acrylamide,and 10 μg/L cytochalasin D for two days when compared with the control group of cells.The concentrations of colchicine and acrylamide treatment selected above significantly decreased the number of viable cells over the nine-day culture and disrupted significantly more cell nuclei.Real-time PCR and ELISA results showed that the mRNA levels and medium concentrations of AGG and Col-2 were significantly decreased for     

UniPron is A Fully Effective Non-hormonal Reversible Contraceptive in Baboon Model （Papio Anubis）

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.
Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages.
Results All the five females （100%） that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.
Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model （Papio anubis）.     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.     

The Targeted Pro-apoptotic Effect of scFv-mediated Delivery of Caspase-6 on HER2-positive Osteosarcoma Cells

Objective To investigate the pro-apoptotic effect of scFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 fusion protein on osteosarcoma E 10 cells. Methods The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 （Her-2） in osteosarcoma cell line E10 was examined by flow cytometry analysis. ScFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 was generated by sequential fusion of the genes of a signal peptide, a single-chain Her-2 antibody （e23sFv）, a PEA translocation domain （PEA aa253-264）, and an recombinant caspase-6. The pCMV-immunocaspase-6 was produced by cloning above mentioned fusion genes into pCMV plasmid, and then pCMV-immunocaspase-6 plasmid mixed cationic liposome was transfected into E10 cells. The expression of fusion gene on transfected E10 cells was detected by immunocytochemical staining, The pro-apoptotic effects of fusion gene expression on morphology and growth status of E10 cells were observed by trypan blue cell staining, electron microscopy and MTT assay. Results The fusion protein was detected in the cytoplasm of the transfected E10 cells. These cells presented typical characteristics of apoptosis as detected by electron microscopy. MTT assay revealed that the proliferation of transfected E10 cells was suppressed than that of non- or mock-transfected cells （P〈0.01）. Conclusion ScFv-mediated delivery of caspase-6 fusion protein can induce apoptosis of Her-2 positive osteosarcoma E10 cells, suggesting the potential of this strategy for the treatment of human high-grade osteosarcoma.     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

Effect of Shenfu on the Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax of Intestinal Mucosal Epithelial Cells after Ischemic Reperfusion in Rats

Objective To study the effect of Shenfu on the expression of bax and bcl-2 in small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells after ischemic reperfusion injury and explore the effect of Shenfu on small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells apoptosis. Methods 36 SD rats were randomized into three groups, each consisting of 12 rats： Sham group （S group）, Ischemic reperfusion group （IR group）, Shenfu group （SF group）, Ischemic reperfusion models were made by ligated the superior menseneric artery for 1 hour followed by 2 hrs reperfusion. Histological mucosal damage in each group was graded according to Chiu＇s score. Immunohistochemistry detected the expression of bax and bcl-2, and obtained the optical density （OD） value using a color image pattern analysis system, and then calculated the ratio of bcl-2/bax. TUNEL method measured apoptotic intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, and calculated the apoptotic index. Results There were edema and epithelial impairment in part of villus and the integral was higher in SF group than S group （P〈0.05）, but lower than IR group （P〈0.01）. Compared IR group with S group and SF group, the average OD value of bcl-2 and bax had significant statistic difference （P〈0.01）, and the average OD value of bcl-2 in SF group was higher than in S group （P〈0.05）, meanwhile bcl-2/bax was significantly lower in IR group than in S group and SF group （P〈0.01）, but that was higher in SF group than in S group （P〈0.05）. Apoptotic index in IR group was significantly higher than that in other two groups （P〈0.01）, and that in SF group was higher than in S group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Shenfu can enhance the expression of bcl-2, decrease the expression of bax, meanwhile increase the ratio of bcl-2/bax, inhibit small intestinal mucosal epithetlial cells apoptosis, and protect small intestine mucosal epithetlial after ischemic reperfusion.     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：精、神、气、血、津、液部分

精、神、气、血、津、液是中医理论中6个非常重要的概念，有关术语在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中一共收录了59条，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了58条。血、津、液的内涵较为具体，有一定的物质基础，理解并不困难。翻译上虽有差异，但亦不难统一。精、神、     

慢性肾炎患者的自我调护

慢性肾炎是一种需长期治疗和调养的疾病,良好的自我调护对疾病的治疗和康复有重要意义。这里所谓的调护有环境、情志、饮食和自我护理。1环境房间要定时开窗通风,避免烟雾、尘土等污染空气,以保证房间内空气新鲜。居住房间一般室温为18℃~20℃,湿度为40%~60%,过高或过低的温湿度会让患者有不舒适感或引起感冒,感冒和其他不适感又可能加重患者病情。冬天可采用在地面洒水、用湿毛巾搭在暖气上等方式来增加房间湿度;夏天使用空调时温度调得过低,室内外温差过大,电风扇直接对着患者吹,这些不适当的调节室温的方法极易造成患者感冒而使病情加重;冬天,患者住的房间最好选择在自然光线充足的向阳面,因自然光有杀菌作用,又比较温暖,但光线不宜直接照射到患者的眼部,以免刺激患者眼睛。2情志从中医学理论分析,当一个人的情志失调时,容易伤肝。肝的特性,性喜条达而恶抑郁,若忧虑过度,则肝气郁结,疏汇不利,甚至横逆犯胃,致气机阻滞,或肝气久郁化火,损及肾阴,肝炎郁于下焦,影响膀胱气化功能,使病症缠绵难愈。有些患者得了肾病,情绪波动很大,由于疾病的困扰和家庭、社会地位的变化,常常抑郁寡言,整天愁眉苦脸,不积极配合治疗,增加了治疗难度;还有一部分患者得了肾...     

补肾活血方对PCOS大鼠模型卵巢中PAI-1mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨补肾活血方对大鼠PCOS模型卵巢局部纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1（PAI—1mRNA）表达的影响。方法选用未成年24d龄SD雌性大鼠60只,随机分为模型组、克罗米酚组、补肾活血方高剂量组、补肾活血方低剂量组、正常对照组5组。用Bogovich法建立大鼠多囊卵巢病理模型。以克罗米酚为对照。用原位杂交法观察补肾活血方对多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的影响。结果模型组卵巢局部PAI—1mRNA存在卵泡膜间质细胞显著增高,用补肾活血方高、低剂量与克罗米酚药后,卵巢局部PAI-1mRNA的表达明显降低．差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）。补肾活血方高剂量组与克罗米酚组比较,差异具有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）;低荆量组与克罗米酚组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,补肾活血方高、低剂量组比较,低剂量组卵泡膜间质细胞上PAI-1的基因表达增高更明显,但二者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论PAI-1mRNA可能与多囊卵巢综合征的发病机制有关。以补肾活血立法的补肾活血方能降低多囊卵巢大鼠局部PAI—1mRNA的显著增高表达．降低PAI—1mRNA卵巢局部的作用。提示补肾活血方可能通过PAI—1mRNA途径促进卵巢排卵的机制。