颅内动脉瘤铂金弹簧圈栓塞术后MRA随访价值

弹簧圈栓塞术已逐步成为治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的有效手段。术后长期规律的随访是评价治疗效果的重要方法。数字减影血管造影（DSA）,特别是辅以3D重组（VR）技术的旋转DSA被认为是目前颅内动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞术后随访的金标准,但它为有创性检查,重复施行不是理想的方法。而MR血管成像（MRA）在显示动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞后残腔存在与否方面具有高度的敏感性和特异性,有望成为随访中首选的无创性检查手段。因此研究者建议将MRA纳入颅内动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞术后随访策略。     

颅内动脉瘤铂金弹簧圈栓塞术后MRA随访价值

弹簧圈栓塞术已逐步成为治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)的有效手段。术后长期规律的随访是评价治疗效果的重要方法。数字减影血管造影(DSA),特别是辅以3D重组(VR)技术的旋转DSA被认为是目前颅内动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞术后随访的金标准,但它为有创性检查,重复施行不是理想的方法。而MR血管成像(MRA)在显示动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞后残腔存在与否方面具有高度的敏感性和特异性,有望成为随访中首选的无创性检查手段。因此研究者建议将MRA纳入颅内动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞术后随访策略。     

颅内动脉瘤栓塞术后的DCE-MRA随访

目的：评价DCE—MRA在颅内动脉瘤栓塞术后随访中的应用价值。方法：回顾分析了56例颅内动脉瘤患者血管内栓塞治疗后的DCE—MRA和DSA随访图像,以DSA为诊断标准,比较两者的随访结果,评价DCE—MRA随访的准确性。DCE—MRA的原始图像减影后行VR、MIP重建,并结合原始图像。结果：56例患者共61个动脉瘤进行了栓塞治疗,随访中发现40个动脉瘤完全栏塞,12个瘤颈残留,9个瘤体复发,动脉瘤的复发率为14．75％。DCE-MRA与DSA随访结果有良好的一致性（k=0．871,P〈0．005）,DCE—MRA随访的准确率达到93．4％,假阳性和假阴性各2例。结论：DCE—MRA是颅内动脉瘤栓塞术后的一种无创、可靠、快速的影像随访方法,有助于监测术后瘤颈残留和瘤体复发,指导临床进一步治疗。     

Solitaire AB支架辅助栓塞颅内动脉瘤临床随访研究

目的观察Solitaire AB支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤初中期效果。方法回顾性分析2009年至2012年期间采用Solitaire AB支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的49例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者49个动脉瘤,其中41例患者41个动脉瘤（26个破裂出血,15个未破裂）术后随访12～48个月,根据改良Rankin评分、DSA、CTA或MRA检查评价颅内动脉瘤影像学及临床结果。结果栓塞术后有2例动脉瘤再次破裂出血,3例脑梗死,1例载瘤动脉闭塞,死亡1例,并发症发生率为14.2%。栓塞术后12个月DSA、MRA或CTA检查显示,32个动脉瘤（32/41,78.0%）完全栓塞,明显高于术后即刻（21个,42.9%）（P＝0.02）;瘤颈残留7个（17.1%）,部分栓塞2个（4.9%）,均较术后即刻有改善。24个动脉瘤（58.5%）稳定而无变化,复发4个（9.7%）。末次随访时改良Rankin评分显示0分18例（43.9%）,1分10例（24.4%）,2分5例（12.2%）,3分4例（9.8%）,4分2例（4.85%）,5分2例（4.85%）。患者日常活动能力自理率为80.5%,预后良好。结论 Solitaire AB支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全有效,有助于提高完全栓塞率,降低操作相关并发症。     

静音MR血管成像在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的可行性研究

目的 对比性评估静音MRA的图像质量以及诊断效价,探讨静音MRA在颅内动脉瘤病变诊断中的可行性。方法 前瞻性收集2015年12月至2018年12月于江苏省苏北人民医院诊断疑似脑血管病变患者27例,共有动脉瘤病灶32个。所有病例于CTA检查前同日行3.0 T MRI扫描。两名神经放射医师采用双盲法分别对静音MRA及时间飞跃法(TOF)MRA图像质量(信号均匀度、病灶显著性、静脉信号或干扰以及诊断可信度4个方面)进行评估(采用四分法)。定量测量脑动脉瘤瘤体长径值,并根据动脉瘤长径将动脉瘤分为微小动脉瘤组(长径≤3 mm)和较大动脉瘤组(长径>3 mm)。两种MRA图像质量评分差异比较分别采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。采用组内相关系数(ICC)检验分别评估两种MRA与CTA间测量结果的一致性。结果 32个颅内动脉瘤病灶中,静音MRA和TOF MRA图像的信号均匀度分别为3.38±0.49、3.00±0.62,静脉信号/干扰分别为3.77±0.42、2.65±0.48,两者比较差异具有统计学意义(Z=-2.21,P=0.02;Z=-5.69,P=0.01)。静音MRA和TOF MRA图像的病灶显著性分别为3.19±0.56、3.15±0.46,诊断可信度分别为3.27±0.44、3.12±0.51,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。关于动脉瘤长径的测量,微小动脉瘤组内静音MRA测量结果与CTA结果之间呈极高度一致,ICC (95%可信区间)为0.94(0.82~0.98),TOF MRA测量结果与CTA结果之间呈高度一致,ICC(95%可信区间)为0.72 (0.30~0.91);较大动脉瘤组内,静音MRA、TOF MRA测量结果与CTA结果之间均呈极高度一致,ICC (95%可信区间)分别为0.98 (0.95~0.99)、0.95(0.87~0.98)。结论 与TOF MRA相比,静音MRA可以提供更高的图像质量和准确率,且与CTA具有更高的一致性,有望进一步常规应用于临床。     

球囊辅助弹簧圈在血管内栓塞颅内动脉瘤中的应用和中长期随访

目的 探讨球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞(balloon-assisted coiling embolization,BACE)颅内动脉瘤的应用价值和中长期随访结果.方法 回顾性分析2006年至2011年48例使用新一代BACE治疗的颅内动脉瘤患者,其中38例破裂出血.42例宽颈动脉瘤,7例瘤颈＞ 4 mm,37例体颈比≤ 1.5...     

颅内动脉瘤电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞术后随访观察

目的　评价颅内动脉瘤电解可脱性弹簧圈 (GDC)栓塞治疗的中、远期疗效。方法　采用GDC栓塞 131例共 134枚颅内动脉瘤 ,其中前交通动脉瘤 39枚 ,后交通动脉瘤 4 5枚 ,颈内动脉虹吸段动脉瘤 19枚 ,大脑中动脉瘤 14枚 ,大脑前动脉瘤 3枚 ,后循环动脉瘤 9枚 ,其他部位 5枚。宽颈动脉瘤 (瘤颈宽度 >4mm或瘤体颈比率 <2 ) 39枚 ,狭颈动脉瘤 79枚 ,瘤颈显示不清者 16枚。栓塞术后 15个月内随访DSA ,以与栓塞后即时DSA比较其变化。结果　在 39枚宽颈动脉瘤和 79枚狭颈动脉瘤中 ,完全、近完全闭塞者分别为 30枚 (76 92 % )和 75枚 (94 94 % ) ,两者差异有非常显著性意义(χ2 =8 6 4 3,P <0 0 1)。栓塞后即时完全、近完全闭塞的 118枚动脉瘤中 ,术后不同时期随访DSA显示均无变化 ;栓塞后即时部分疏松填塞的 16枚动脉瘤中 ,随访DSA显示动脉瘤缩小者 3枚 ,无变化者4枚 ,再开放扩大者 9枚。结论　GDC致密、完全栓塞颅内动脉瘤的近、中期疗效肯定 ,但定期随访行DSA检查是必要的 ,尤其是部分疏松填塞者 ,对于复发的病例 ,可再行GDC栓塞     

MR 3D-SPACE与3D-TOF序列在颅内神经血管压迫综合征的比较研究

目的：探讨 MR可变反转角的三维快速自旋回波(3D-SPACE)序列与三维时间飞跃快速扰相梯度回波(3D-TOF)序列的融合图像在颅内神经血管压迫综合征的诊断价值。方法对26例典型颅内神经血管压迫综合征的患者行3D-SPACE 序列与3D-TOF序列检查,利用2种序列图像进行不同比例融合,分别就2种序列原始图像、融合图像的影像质量及神经、血管位置关系的评价能力进行比较分析。结果本研究中,1次3D-SPACE+1次3D-TOF序列融合图像显示阳性正确例数最高(21例),对责任血管与神经关系判断与手术结果符合例数最多(P<0.05)。结论3D-SPACE序列和3D-TOF序列融合图像可以提高在颅内神经血管压迫综合征的诊断能力,并且适当比例融合图像显示神经血管关系最佳。     

以Neuroform支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤

目的　 探讨复杂颅内动脉瘤的介入治疗方法 ,探讨支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤的适应证 ,急诊期使用支架术中、术后的安全性。方法　采用Neuroform支架 ,弹簧圈主要采用Matrix。以 1枚支架覆盖 2枚动脉瘤并同时栓塞 2例 ;以支架辅助栓塞巨大宽颈动脉瘤 1例 ,急诊常规栓塞时瘤颈残留 ,择期再以支架植入辅助弹簧圈栓塞瘤颈 1例 ;动脉瘤常规弹簧圈栓塞后 3年复发 ,再以支架辅助栓塞 1例 ;急诊期支架辅助栓塞宽颈动脉瘤 4例。择期栓塞患者术前 3d予强抗血小板聚集药物 ,所有患者术后予强抗血小板聚集药物及 5d抗凝治疗。术后 3～ 6个月复查 4例。结果　所有病例栓塞操作均顺利完成 ,无手术并发症 ;除 1例巨大动脉瘤为次全栓塞外 ,其他均致密栓塞 ;复查 4例中 ,除次全栓塞的巨大动脉瘤出现动脉瘤腔部分显影外 ,其余 3例均未见动脉瘤显影。结论　以支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞提高了颅内宽颈动脉瘤、复杂性动脉瘤的治疗效果 ;既使用Matrix也要求致密栓塞 ;使用支架对抗血小板聚集药物的要求与蛛网膜下腔出血后可能需要的外科手术处理存在矛盾 ;未行抗血小板聚集药物准备情况下 ,急诊栓塞时使用支架的安全性尚有待探讨。     

支架辅助下弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤长期随访分析

目的 观察使用支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者术后3年以上的复发率、支架内狭窄率、动脉瘤再破裂发生率.方法 47例支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者,术后3年以上接受DSA下全颈脑血管造影检查.结果 出现不同程度的支架内狭窄3例,其中1例出现载瘤动脉慢性闭塞.复发5例,其中1例为小型前交通动脉瘤,患者动脉瘤体可见部分显影;4例为超过1.5 cm的颈内动脉虹吸段的大型动脉瘤,栓塞后半年随访发现,动脉瘤内弹簧圈压缩,瘤体再度显影,该4例中有3例经过2次栓塞后即时显影消失,但仍有2例3年随访动脉瘤体再度显影,另1例拒绝2次栓塞,继续随访中.3年随访期内无一例患者栓塞后动脉瘤再破裂.结论 支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤术式有效、可行,复发率低,支架内狭窄发生率不高,长期效果良好.     

MR动态减影血管造影在脑动静脉畸形治疗前后中的评价

目的评价MR动态减影血管造影（MR-DSA）在脑动静脉畸形（AVM）栓塞治疗前后的价值和限度。方法22例AVM患者，在栓塞前后均行MR—DSA、三维增强MR血管造影（3D—CEMRA）、MR质子加权成像（PWI）和DSA检查，同时由2名有经验的医生独立进行双盲对照研究。结果MR-DSA和DSA在22例AVM栓塞前后的瘤巢大小及分类上结果一致，MR—DSA能够显示AVM栓塞后的血液动力学改变，瘤巢及引流静脉显影推迟17例，瘤巢变小13例（其中完全消失4例），与DSA符合率为100％。与DSA相比，MR-DSA没有显示瘤巢内动脉瘤和栓塞后引流静脉及供血动脉直径变小各1例，而3D-CEMRA对此显示清晰。栓塞后的PWI与栓塞前相比，22例均可见不同程度的高信号。结论MR—DSA是1种快速、有效、无创的血管造影检查方法，能提供AVM栓塞前后的血流动力学信息，MR—DSA、3D-CEMRA和PWI应在AVM的随访中相互结合，综合运用。     

Delayed coil migration from a small wide-necked aneurysm after stent-assisted embolization: case report and literature review

Introduction We present a previously unreported complication following the treatment of a patient with two small, wide-necked, posterior communicating artery aneurysms.Methods Endovascular embolization of one aneurysm was performed using a stent-assisted technique. Follow-up angiography 5 months later revealed that a coil had escaped the confinement of the stent and migrated distally without occluding any arterial branches or causing symptoms. This case report demonstrates that although a rare occurrence, a coil can break loose from the stent.Discussion We discuss the potential mechanisms of this phenomenon and review the literature on stent-assisted aneurysm coiling in order to raise awareness of this event when embolizing small, wide-necked aneurysms with a stent-assisted technique.     

Characterisation of intracranial aneurysms with MR angiography

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of 3D time-of-flight (TOF) acquisitions in the characterisation of intracranial aneurysms. Fourteen patients with aneurysms proven on intra-arterial angiography were first studied with a 3D TOF acquisition. When the aneurysms were incompletely demonstrated, additional MR angiography (MRA) acquisitions were performed, including black-blood MRA, 2D TOF, phase-contrast and contrast-enhanced TOF. 3D TOF MRA was sufficient for detection of the aneurysm in 13 of 14 cases and characterisation of the aneurysm was possible in 6. All the initial shortcomings of the TOF technique could be analysed and explained by means of additional MRA techniques. This study suggests that the combination of different MRA techniques offers new possibilities for noninvasive investigation of intracranial aneurysms.     

颅内动脉瘤的致密栓塞、过度栓塞和不全栓塞

目的　探讨颅内动脉瘤致密栓塞的方法 ,以及过度栓塞和不全栓塞的原因与预防措施。方法　对 1995年 3月至 1999年 7月用机械可脱式弹簧圈 (mechanicaldetachablespiral,MDS)或 (和 )电解可脱式弹簧圈 (guglielmidetachablecoil,GDC)行囊内栓塞的资料完整的 12 0例 (12 1个 )动脉瘤进行回顾性分析 ,考察致密栓塞、过度栓塞和不全栓塞动脉瘤及其载瘤动脉的情况。结果　 12 1个动脉瘤中 ,达 10 0 %栓塞的 5 3个 (占 43 8% ,5 3/12 1) ,95 %的 2 7个 (2 2 3% ) ,90 %的 16个 (13 2 % ) ,80 %的15个 (12 4% ) ,<80 %的 10个 (8 3 % )。有 7个动脉瘤过度栓塞 ,其中 5个为宽颈 (瘤颈≥ 4mm)或相对宽颈 (瘤颈∶瘤体横径≥ 2∶3)动脉瘤 ,另外 2个为载瘤动脉相对较细的大脑中动脉瘤。结论　对于颅内动脉瘤 ,既要尽可能地做到致密栓塞 ,又要时时提防过度栓塞 ,还要正确把握不全栓塞     

Willis覆膜支架与弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅段颈内动脉瘤效果的比较

目的 比较Willis覆膜支架和弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅段颈内动脉瘤的临床效果.方法 89例经皮动脉穿刺行全脑选择性血管造影术证实的颅段颈内动脉瘤患者,根据其意愿分为A组43例,行Willis覆膜支架治疗;B组46例,行弹簧圈治疗.术后3、6、12个月及之后每年1次进行脑血管造影及临床随访,搜集血管造影及临床资料进行分析.对2组患者的手术成功率及并发症发生率进行x2检验,对即刻血管造影结果、手术时间、住院时间进行独立样本t检验.结果 A组患者支架成功置入42例,失败1例;B组46例弹簧圈栓塞均获成功,2组差异无统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.999).即刻肭血管造影显示A组34例动脉瘤完全闭塞(81%),B组24例完全闭塞(52%);平均手术时间A组(103±13)min,B组(143±39)min,2组间差异有统计学意义(t=6.20,P＜0.01＝.并发症A组6例,B组8例,2组差异无统计学意义(x2=0.20,P＞0.05).A组41例随访6～41个月,脑血管造影显示39例动脉瘤完全闭塞(95%);B组45例随访7～47个月,22例完全闭塞(49%),2组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01＝.最后一次随访结果显示,完全康复A组22例、B组27例,2组间差异无统计学意义(x2=0.352,P＞0.05).结论 脑血管造影结果显示Willis覆膜支架置入术治疗颅段动脉瘤的结果优于弹簧圈栓塞术,而临床表现2组无明显差别.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of Willis covered stent implantation and coil embolization in the treatment of cranial internal carotid artery (CICA) aneurysm. Methods Eighty-nine patients with CICA aneurysms were selected for treatment with Willis covered stents (n = 43, group A) or coil embolization (n =46, group B) according to the patients'will. Data on the technical success, initial procedure time and in-hospital interval, initial and final angiographic results, mortality, morbidity, and final clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed for the two groups at 6 months post-procedure. Results Endovascular covered stent placement and coil embolization were technically successful in all patients,except for one patient in group A. The initial angiographic results showed complete occlusion in 34 patients of group A (81%, 95% CI: 69%, 93% ) and 24 patients of group B (52%, 95% CI: 37%, 67% ) ( P ＜0. 05). The final angiographic results indicated complete occlusion in 39 patients of group A (39/41,95%,95% CI: 88%, 102% ) and 22 patients of group B (22/45,49%, 95% CI: 34%, 64% ,P ＜0. 01 ). The average procedure time was(103 ± 13)min in group A and (143 + 39) min in group B (P＜0. 01). No significant differences were seen between the two groups in technique success, mortality, morbidity, or final clinical outcomes. Conclusion In this nonrandomized, prospective trial, CICA aneurysm treatment with covered stents yielded midterm angiographic results that were superior to those of coil embolization.     

电解可脱式弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂

目的　探讨血管内电解可脱式铂金微弹簧圈 (GDC)早期栓塞治疗破裂后颅内动脉瘤的临床价值。方法　对 15例破裂后颅内动脉瘤施行血管内GDC早期栓塞治疗 ,15例患者按Hunt Hess分级 :I级 8例、II级 6例、IV级 1例 ,所有病例均经DSA造影和CT扫描诊断。结果　GDC栓塞手术成功13例 ,占 86 .7% (13/ 15 ) ;13例随访 3～ 2 5个月无再次出血和并发症 ,其中 2例 6个月后复查DSA未见复发 ,全部病例头颅正侧位片显示GDC形态、位置无改变 ;栓塞手术失败的 2例患者分别于术后第 4天和 4个月死亡。结论　早期GDC血管内栓塞治疗破裂后颅内动脉瘤为有效方法 ,可以防止再次破裂出血。     

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated by three-dimensional coil embolization: evaluation of the postoperative aneurysm occlusion volume

Our purpose was to evaluate the postoperative aneurysm occlusion volume and clinical results of treating unruptured intracranial aneurysm using three-dimensional (3D) coils. Over a 2-year period 62 aneurysms (39 with a neck 4 mm, 23 with a neck >4 mm) in 62 patients in five participating centres were treated. The procedure consisted, firstly, of framing the aneurysm with one or more spherical 3D coils, and secondly, of filling it with two-dimensional (2D) helical coils. Anatomical and clinical results were evaluated by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent predictors of these results. For neck sizes 4 and >4 mm, angiographic occlusion was complete in 31 (79%) and 16 (70%) aneurysms, respectively; the mean percentage of occlusion volume was 31.4% and 29.5%, respectively, and postoperative morbidity was 3% and 4%, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups. There were no deaths. However, occlusion volume correlated with sac size (P=0.037) and sac-to-neck ratio <1.5 (P=0.073), except when three or more 3D coils per aneurysm were used (P=0.516 and P=0.308, respectively). Occlusion volume correlated with the number of 3D coils per aneurysm (P<0.001) and was an independent predictor of angiographic complete occlusion (P=0.002). The use of the largest number of 3D coils per aneurysm was safe and may improve the postoperative volume and angiographic occlusion of aneurysms with a neck >4 mm, provided the sac-to-neck ratio is 1.5.     

Treatment of a spontaneous intracranial dissecting aneurysm with stent-assisted coil embolization

Arterial dissection is now recognized as an important cause of stroke. Most reported dissections involve the extracranial portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral arteries. Spontaneous dissecting aneurysms of the intracranial ICA are uncommon. Endovascular treatment for cerebral aneurysms has become widespread; however, the dissecting aneurysm is still difficult to treat if the parent artery has to be preserved. More recently, stenting has been advocated for use with endosaccular coiling, with the coils held in place by the stent. We herein report a spontaneous intracranial ICA dissecting aneurysm in a 51-year-old woman who was treated using a new technique of combined stent and coils.