甘肃省15～69岁现在吸烟者戒烟意愿及影响因素

  目的  了解甘肃省现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿以及影响因素,为烟草防控工作提供科学依据。  方法  采用多阶段抽样方法,随机抽取15~69岁现在吸烟者作为调查对象。采用《全国居民吸烟情况调查问卷》开展面对面调查,分析不同特征现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿,采用Logistic回归分析模型分析现在吸烟者戒烟意愿的影响因素。  结果  甘肃省现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿为16.4%（95%CI:15.5%~17.3%）,农村地区（OR=1.199,95%CI:1.022~1.408,P=0.026）、家中禁止吸烟（OR=1.767,95%CI:1.273~2.454,P=0.001）、12个月内就医时医务人员劝阻吸烟（OR=1.599,95%CI:1.359~1.842,P < 0.001）、去过戒烟门诊（OR=3.089,95%CI:2.031~4.698,P < 0.001）、初中、高中、大专及以上文化程度（OR=1.383,95%CI:1.101~1.736;OR=1.627,95%CI:1.252~2.116;OR=1.374,95%CI:1.009~1.873,均有P < 0.05）、高烟草危害知识得分为1~,3~,5~6（OR=1.248,95%CI:1.030~1.514;OR=1.574,95%CI:1.289~1.922;OR=2.288,95%CI:1.879~2.786,均有P < 0.05）是现在吸烟者戒烟意愿的促进因素;年龄20~、30~岁组以及烟龄20~、30~年是现在吸烟者戒烟意愿的阻碍因素。  结论  甘肃省现在吸烟者戒烟意愿总体不高,今后应进一步在全社会普及烟草危害知识,加强医务人员戒烟服务能力培训,在诊疗过程中开展戒烟服务,同时应鼓励和支持医疗机构加快戒烟门诊建设。     

2018年中国15岁及以上现在吸烟者戒烟意愿及尝试戒烟行为研究

目的描述我国≥15岁现在吸烟者戒烟意愿及尝试戒烟行为, 探讨影响其戒烟行为的主要因素。方法研究对象为我国≥15岁现在吸烟者。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样, 在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)共抽取200个监测点, 最终完成调查19 376人。数据加权后, 使用SAS 9.4软件复杂抽样设计方法进行分析, 采用频数和加权构成比进行描述, 使用Rao-Scottχ2检验和非条件多因素logistic回归进行影响因素分析。结果 6.63%的现在吸烟者准备在1个月内戒烟, 男性为5.44%, 女性为8.49%。17.96%的现在吸烟者在过去12个月尝试过戒烟, 男性为17.80%, 女性为22.15%。多因素分析结果显示, 偶尔吸烟(OR=3.42, 95%CI:2.09～5.59)、尝试过戒烟(OR=4.91, 95%CI:0.33～0.52)以及知晓吸烟导致3种疾病(OR=2.24, 95%CI:1.48～3.40), 戒烟意愿较高。偶尔吸烟(OR=1.68, 95%CI:1.20～2.34)、接受过医务人员的戒烟建议(OR=1.96, 95%CI:1.62～2.37)、知晓吸烟导致3种疾病(...     

无烟支持性环境构建与吸烟者戒烟行为的关联性研究

目的研究无烟支持性环境与吸烟者戒烟行为之间的关联,为进一步了解我国吸烟者的戒烟行为及影响因素提供线索。方法本研究数据来源于2016-2017年中国成人烟草调查数据,采用分层多阶段整群抽样的方法,抽取广东、上海、安徽、湖北、宁夏和云南六省(市)15岁及以上人群作为研究对象,采用全球烟草监测系统中的标准问卷-烟草调查问卷(TQS),使用平板电脑调查研究对象的基本情况、烟草使用、戒烟、二手烟、烟草价格和控烟宣传等内容,共得到有效问卷18 739份。采用SAS 9.4进行复杂抽样方法的加权计算,并进行χ~2检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果本研究共纳入调查对象22 000例,得到有效问卷18 739份,6个省市居民吸烟率为29.93%,其中男性为50.24%,女性为1.18%;过去12个月尝试戒烟率为16.04%,其中男性为16.03%,女性为16.68%。不同特征人群过去12个月尝试戒烟率的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,家中不允许吸烟的吸烟者的尝试戒烟率(25.96%)高于家中允许吸烟的吸烟者(12.56%),看到过"吸烟危害或者鼓励人们戒烟的信息"者的尝试戒烟率(18.16%)高于未看到者(12.17%),过去12个月接受了医生简短戒烟建议者的尝试戒烟率(24.29%)高于未接受者(17.45%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。多因素非条件logistic分析结果显示,家中有严格无烟规定者尝试戒烟的可能性高于未规定者(OR=2.395,95%CI:2.368~2.422),家中没有同住吸烟者对戒烟行为有促进作用(OR=1.259,95%CI:1.246~1.273),工作场所有严格无烟规定者尝试戒烟的可能性高于未规定者(OR=1.657,95%CI:1.631~1.683),过去30 d看到过"吸烟危害或者鼓励人们戒烟的信息"对尝试戒烟行为有促进作用(OR=1.317,95%CI:1.030~1.684),接受过医生简短戒烟建议者尝试戒烟的可能性高于未接受者(OR=1.562,95%CI:1.236~1.974),均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论无烟环境的构建对吸烟者的戒烟行为存在促进作用,此外还需通过提高吸烟危害认知,提供戒烟帮助等多种途径共同构建多维度的无烟支持性环境,遏制我国的烟草流行现状。     

青岛市成年吸烟者戒烟影响因素及干预对策研究

目的了解青岛市成年吸烟人群的认知、态度、尝试戒烟行为及其影响因素,为制定干预策略提供依据。方法对青岛市2006年参加国际戒烟竞赛中戒烟失败的吸烟者进行随访调查。结果调查获取有效问卷652份。其中,重度吸烟率为48.6%;能够完整回答出烟草烟雾的主要成份(6.6%)、吸烟导致的疾病(7.0%)、被动吸烟后果(9.2%)的比例较低;被调查者吸烟态度(31.96±5.88)处于较高水平;家庭是吸烟的主要场所(83.1%),其次为酒店、餐厅(62.9%)、单位办公场所(53.1%)和出租车内(33.0%);在过去6个月内有71.8%(468人)尝试过戒烟1天以上,烟草依赖、戒烟症状、周围吸烟人的干扰、社交需要、工作压力大、缺乏毅力、缺乏支持、情绪紧张等对尝试戒烟行为影响显著;在未来6个月内有51.7%(377人)决定采取戒烟行动;年龄、认知和态度水平以及戒烟条件中的身体疾病、禁烟政策是影响是否打算采取戒烟行动的主要影响因素。结论采取综合的控烟干预策略,提高吸烟者对烟草具体危害的认知程度,建立戒烟机构,提供专业支持和心理帮助,加强禁烟立法等能够促进吸烟者的戒烟行为。     

中国三城市男性吸烟者的社会规范与戒烟行为的关系

【目的】了解中国男性戒烟相关社会规范的现状及其与戒烟意愿、戒烟尝试等戒烟行为之间的关系。【方法】基于横断面研究,于2013年8-11月在上海、南宁、牡丹江三个地区抽取成年男性现在吸烟者进行问卷调查,收集基本信息、每日吸烟量、戒烟意愿、戒烟尝试和戒烟相关社会规范等资料。建立单因素、多因素logistic回归模型分别分析戒烟相关社会规范与戒烟意愿、戒烟尝试的关系。共获得有效问卷3621份,总有效率95.8%。【结果】吸烟者感知到的戒烟相关社会规范较低,很少能从家人、朋友及其他身边的人获得戒烟的劝谏与建议。社会规范得分每提高1分,则吸烟者的戒烟意愿可能性增加69%(OR为1.69,95%CI为1.48~1.94),吸烟者戒烟尝试的可能性增加86%(OR为1.86,95%CI为1.66~2.08)。【结论】戒烟相关社会规范是吸烟者产生戒烟意愿、戒烟尝试的独立预测因子。今后的控烟干预策略应该致力于创建鼓励戒烟的社会规范。     

成都市城市居民尝试戒烟行为影响因素

目的探讨成都市城市吸烟者尝试戒烟行为的影响因素,为有针对性地制定控烟措施提供依据。方法 2018年11—12月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取成都市6个主城区≥15岁人群进行入户调查。结果共调查成都市城市居民1 920名,现在吸烟者414名,现在吸烟率为21.6%,过去12个月内有过尝试戒烟行为的人数为90人,占21.7%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,在过去12个月内被医生建议戒烟者比没有接受到戒烟建议的吸烟者更有可能尝试戒烟(OR=0.262,95%CI=0.093～0.737)。结论成都市城市居民现在吸烟者尝试戒烟率较低。医生建议戒烟能促使吸烟者去尝试戒烟,建议提高医务人员干预戒烟服务能力,提高戒烟成功率。     

中国成人吸烟者尝试戒烟率及其影响因素研究

目的描述我国成人吸烟人群尝试戒烟的情况,探讨影响戒烟行为的主要因素。方法以多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在全国抽取16 800个家庭户,每户随机抽取1名调查对象进行问卷调查。数据加权后,采用SAS 9.3复杂抽样设计的方法进行分析,其中尝试戒烟率的影响因素分析使用非条件Logistic回归。结果 4267名现在吸烟者纳入分析,31.51%的现在吸烟者报告在过去12个月内戒过烟,其中男性为31.28%,女性为35.93%。偶尔吸烟者的尝试戒烟率为44.97%,高于每日吸烟者的29.22%,既往得到医务人员戒烟建议的为40.32%,高于未获得者的30.87%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。居住地为农村(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.37～0.81)、偶尔吸烟(OR=0.42,95%CI:0.25～0.70)、过去12个月内获得医务人员的戒烟建议(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.45～0.92)、家中室内区域一般不允许吸烟(OR=0.50,95%CI:0.32～0.76)、完全知晓二手烟烟雾可导致成人心脏病、儿童肺部疾病和成人肺癌这3种疾病(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.38～0.80)是尝试戒烟的保护因素。结论中国15岁及以上成人现在吸烟者尝试戒烟率较低,采取简短戒烟干预、建立无烟家庭、大力宣传二手烟的危害,对促进吸烟者采取戒烟行动具有重要意义。     

企业工人中吸烟者的戒烟意愿及其影响因素

目的探讨企业一线工人中吸烟者的戒烟意愿及其影响因素,为有关部门制定控烟与戒烟措施提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法抽取中山市三乡镇的10家企业,对企业一线工人中所有成年吸烟者采用自填式问卷进行调查,调查内容包括一般人口学特征、吸烟相关知识、态度与行为、既往戒烟经历以及戒烟意愿,并用单、多因素logistic回归分析筛选与戒烟意愿有关的因素。结果共调查1 573名吸烟者,其中男性1 353人,女性174人,664人（42.2%）曾尝试过戒烟;有676人（43.0%）打算戒烟。调查对象的吸烟相关知识的平均分是（11.5±3.9）分（满分28分）,对吸烟态度的平均分是（77.0±9.9）分（满分110分）,尼古丁依赖程度的平均分为（3.5±2.5）分（满分10分）。多因素logistic回归分析表明,有既往戒烟经历（OR=2.56）、有戒烟信心（OR=14.47）、吸烟相关知识得分高（OR=1.05）、吸烟相关态度得分高（OR=1.05）的人群更倾向于打算戒烟;相对于月收入≤2 000元的人群,〉4 000元收入的（OR=0.48）戒烟意愿低。结论被调查的企业一线工人的吸烟相关知识得分较低,在企业控烟工作中,应加强有关吸烟危害的健康教育,提高企业吸烟者对吸烟危害健康的认识,建立正确的戒烟态度,同时增强其戒烟信心,传授戒烟方法,鼓励多次尝试戒烟,提高戒烟的成功率。     

江苏省医务人员吸烟现况及相关认知与态度调查

目的了解江苏省医务人员的吸烟状况及相关认知与态度,为控烟政策的制定提供科学依据。方法 2009年4—5月,采用随机抽样方法抽取江苏省六市(县)30所医疗卫生机构的3 035名医务人员进行吸烟相关的问卷调查。结果江苏省医务人员吸烟率为20.1%,现在吸烟率为17.3%,吸烟者日平均吸烟量为(12.7±8.8)支。医务人员对烟草与疾病认知得分为(32.78±5.95)分;83.3%的医务人员回答所在单位有完全或部分禁烟规定,而只有44.6%的医务人员认为所在单位的禁烟规定执行得好;70.1%的医务人员支持所在单位室内完全禁烟,影响其对单位室内完全禁烟态度的因素主要是吸烟状况(OR=2.607,95%CI=2.046～3.321),认知水平(OR=1.694,95%CI=1.440～1.992)及卫生机构类别(以行政部门为对照,(OR医院=1.449,95%CI=1.110～1.890;OR疾控=1.466,95%CI=1.106～1.945)。结论江苏省医务人员中男性现在吸烟率较高,对单位室内完全禁烟支持率较高,在烟草与疾病认知方面还需要进一步提高。应对医务人员的吸烟行为进行干预,加强控烟知识和戒烟技能培训,推动无烟单位创建活动,使其在烟草控制工作中起到表率和支持作用。     

杭州城市成人吸烟率及吸烟者戒烟状况分析

目的了解杭州城市成人吸烟率及吸烟者戒烟状况,为进一步开展控烟宣传、开展戒烟服务提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样,对杭州市5个主城区的2 029名15岁及以上成人进行入户面对面调查,调查内容为中国城市成人烟草调查(Tobacco Questionnaire Survey,TQS)问卷。结果2 029名调查对象中现在吸烟者356人,占17.55%。标化处理后,杭州市主城区15岁及以上成人现在吸烟率为20.51%,男性现在吸烟率为38.56%,女性现在吸烟率为1.48%。354名(99.44%)现在吸烟者报告了戒烟意愿;其中,213人(60.17%)表示没兴趣戒烟,70人(19.77%)会戒烟但不在12个月内,22人(6.21%)考虑在12个月内戒烟,12人(3.39%)计划1个月内戒烟。87名现在吸烟者(24.58%)报告在过去12个月内曾经尝试过戒烟。102人(28.65%)在过去12个月中看过医生,其中46人(45.10%)在看医生的过程中得到医生的戒烟建议。结论杭州城市男性吸烟率仍然偏高,现在吸烟者戒烟意愿低,应鼓励医务人员对就诊的吸烟者提供戒烟建议。     

甘肃省15~69岁常住居民吸烟和戒烟现状及其烟草危害知晓情况

目的了解甘肃省15~69岁常住居民吸烟和戒烟现状及其对烟草危害的知晓情况,为进一步做好烟草防控和戒烟宣传工作提供参考依据。方法于2015年11月—2016年2月采用多阶段随机抽样方法在甘肃省抽取21320名15~69岁常住居民进行面访调查。结果经加权调整后,甘肃省15~69岁常住居民的吸烟率为30.7%(95%CI=29.3%~31.5%),现在吸烟率为27.5%(95%CI=26.6%~28.7%),现在每日吸烟率为21.6%(95%CI=20.8%~22.7%),戒烟率为12.1%(95%CI=10.8%~13.2%);现在吸烟者中考虑1年内戒烟的居民仅占16.2%;甘肃省15~69岁常住居民对吸烟会导致中风、心脏病发作和阳痿的知晓率分别为28.2%、34.0%和18.2%,对"二手烟"会导致成人心脏病、儿童肺部疾病和肺癌的知晓率分别为34.5%、52.8%和54.9%。结论甘肃省15~69岁常住居民现在吸烟率较高,戒烟率较低,对烟草危害认识不足,现在吸烟者戒烟意愿不强。     

Young adult social smokers: Their co-use of tobacco and alcohol,tobacco-related attitudes,and quitting efforts

ObjectiveYoung adults frequently report social smoking. This study examined the relationship between different social smoking definitions and the co-use of cigarettes and alcohol, tobacco-related attitudes, and quitting efforts.MethodCross-sectional data were collected at bars using randomized time location sampling among young adults aged 21–26 in San Diego, California from 2010 to 2011 (73% response rate). Multivariable logistic regression examined if current smoking and quit attempts were associated with tobacco-related attitudes, and whether social smoking self-identification or behavior was associated with cigarette-and-alcohol co-use, tobacco-related attitudes, quit attempts, or quitline use.ResultsAmong 537 current smokers, 80% self-identified and 49% behaved as social smokers. Social smoking self-identification was positively associated with cigarette-and-alcohol co-use, and quit attempts. Social smoking behavior was negatively associated with tobacco marketing receptivity, quit attempts, and quitline use. Tobacco-related attitudes were associated with smoking but did not generally differ by social smoking status.ConclusionIdentification and behavior as a social smoker have opposing associations with co-use of cigarettes and alcohol and quit attempts. Tobacco cessation programs for self-identified social smokers should address co-use. Interventions denormalizing the tobacco industry or emphasizing the health effects of temporary smoking and secondhand smoke may address smoking among young adult bar patrons regardless of social smoking status.     

上海市徐汇区社区卫生服务中心医务人员控烟干预研究

目的探讨如何开展针对医务人员的控烟干预。方法随机选取两所社区卫生服务中心的医务人员为研究对象。对干预组进行为期一年的控烟干预。采用自填问卷的方法,在干预前、后分别进行调查,评价干预效果。结果干预后医务人员劝导病人戒烟的意识、烟草相关知识均有所提高,干预组比对照组劝导病人戒烟率高出22.4%。但医务人员本身吸烟率没有明显变化。结论针对医务人员的控烟干预是可行的,但效果需加以巩固。     

Latinos report less use of pharmaceutical aids when trying to quit smoking

BACKGROUND: Latino smokers are more likely than white non-Latino smokers to attempt cessation, but less likely to receive cessation advice from physicians or to use nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Proposed underlying causes have included lighter smoking, lower financial status, and less healthcare access. This study assessed these factors as possible explanations for disparate rates of smoking-cessation support. METHODS: Data were analyzed from a random, population-level telephone survey of Colorado adults that interviewed 10,945 white non-Latino respondents and 1004 Latino respondents. For the current analysis, main outcome measures were receipt of physician advice to quit smoking, use of NRT, and use of bupropion or other anti-depressant for smoking cessation. RESULTS: Latino smokers reported higher prevalence of quit attempts (71.5% v 61.6%, p <0.01) but less physician advice to quit smoking (46.4% v 56.2%, p <0.05) and less use of NRT or an anti-depressant for cessation (10.6% v 24.8%, p <0.0001). Adjusted for potentially confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) for less Latino use of cessation medications was substantial and significant (full model OR=0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.17 to 0.57). The adjusted OR for physician cessation advice was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Population-level differences in health status, smoking level, financial status, or healthcare access do not explain why Latino smokers less often use proven pharmaceutical aids to increase cessation. Further research is needed to understand these disparities, and greater effort is needed to deliver cessation support to Latino smokers seeking to quit.     

Impact of mass media and interpersonal health communication on smoking cessation attempts: a study in North Karelia, 1989-1996

This article summarizes an impact evaluation of the North Karelia Project (Finnish CINDI program) on smoking cessation attempts. During the period 1989-1996, data were collected by annual surveys, with response rates varying from 66% to 76%. This study included 1,694 adult current smokers or persons who had quit smoking during the past year, out of a total of 6,011 respondents. Smoking cessation attempts during the past 12 months were examined as a dependent variable. Reported exposures to mass media and interpersonal health communication were examined as possible determinants of smoking cessation. Weekly exposure to mass media health messages was significantly associated with cessation attempts among men only. In contrast, interpersonal health communication, or social influence, was a significant determinant of cessation attempts among both sexes. Exposure to both mass media and interpersonal health communication had an even stronger impact on cessation attempts. Thus, interpersonal communication appears to be an important catalyst of community programs, and its inclusion should be emphasized to obtain a higher impact with community programs.     

拒烟自我效能、吸烟合理化信念与戒烟意愿的关联——基于上海336名男性吸烟者调查问卷的分析

目的探索影响吸烟者戒烟意愿的因素,为开展有针对性的戒烟干预提供参考。方法采用目的抽样方法从上海市4个居民社区和3家公司中招募吸烟者进行线上问卷调查,问卷调查内容包括一般人口学特征、戒烟意愿、吸烟状态、吸烟成瘾性、烟草危害认知、拒烟自我效能、吸烟合理化信念等信息。采用独立样本t检验、χ2检验以及多因素logistic回归分析进行统计学分析。结果共回收有效问卷336份。吸烟者的年龄为（37.1±10.2）岁,58.3%的文化水平为大专、本科及以上,平均每日吸烟量为（11.46±7.22）支,吸烟者中属于轻度尼古丁依赖者较多（58.3%）,计划在未来6个月内戒烟者248名（73.8%）。与低拒烟自我效能者相比,高拒烟自我效能的吸烟者具有戒烟意愿的可能性更大（OR=2.406,95%CI:1.357~4.267）;低吸烟合理化信念的吸烟者较高吸烟合理化信念者更有可能具有戒烟意愿（OR=2.112,95%CI:1.167~3.821）。结论吸烟者拒烟自我效能和吸烟合理化信念可对其戒烟意愿分别产生积极和消极的影响,开展控烟工作时可以关注吸烟者拒烟自我效能的提升和吸烟合理化信念的纠正,从而提高吸烟者的戒烟意愿。     

天津市居民吸烟及戒烟状况调查分析

目的：了解天津市居民吸烟状况、戒烟想法及戒烟方法的应用,为有针对性地在居民中开展健康教育活动提供依据,同时为制定相关控烟政策提供基础数据。方法使用 PPS 法(按规模大小成比例的概率抽样)在每个区抽取3个街道,共计16个区。使用 PPS 在每个街道抽取2个居委会抽样单位,采用随机抽样方法在每个居委会抽取70个家庭户,每个家庭户采用 KISH 表抽取1名调查对象,每个居委会完成50份调查问卷。结果男性现在吸烟率为42.35%,女性现在吸烟率为10.32%,男性吸烟率高于女性(χ2=760.956,P <0.05),不同文化程度居民吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ2=95.605,P <0.05)。男性与女性现在吸烟者戒烟意愿差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.959,P >0.05),不同吸烟量的现在吸烟者戒烟意愿差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.434,P <0.05),随着吸烟者吸烟量的增大,想戒烟的比例也在逐渐降低。89.18%现在吸烟者选择靠自己毅力戒烟,7.06%选择拨打戒烟热线。在过去12个月,有42.25%医护人员建议吸烟者戒烟。非吸烟者对主动吸烟及吸入二手烟的危害知晓率高于吸烟者,有戒烟想法的人主动吸烟及吸入二手烟的危害知晓率高于吸烟者。结论应积极开展控烟工作,有针对性地对男性、女性吸烟者开展控烟干预工作,加大戒烟门诊、戒烟热线的宣传,提高医务人员的戒烟知识和戒烟技巧,广泛宣传主动吸烟与被动吸烟的危害,同时政府部门加强控烟法律执行力度,保证人民群众不受二手烟的危害。     

Tobacco use patterns and attitudes among teens being seen for routine primary care

PURPOSE: To describe the tobacco-related attitudes, behaviors, and needs of smoking and nonsmoking teens being seen for routine pediatric care and to identify predictors of tobacco use. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of adolescent primary care patients who completed self-administered questionnaires in medical office waiting rooms while waiting for routine care visits. SETTING: A group-practice HMO in the Pacific Northwest. SUBJECTS: A sample of 2526 teenagers, ages 14 to 17, who consented to receive health promotion interventions as a part of a randomized trial in seven pediatric and family practice offices. MEASURES: A 38-item questionnaire assessed tobacco use history, attitudes, quit attempts, and stage of acquisition or cessation along with gender, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, educational plans, frequency of exercise, attempts to lose weight, and depressed mood. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of teens approached (2526 of 3747) consented to complete a questionnaire and receive tobacco- or diet-related interventions as a part of their medical visit. About 23% of teen patients reported smoking at least one cigarette in the last month, although only 14% described themselves as current "smokers." Most current smokers (84%) smoked at least 20 days in the last month. Logistic regression predictors of smoking included older age, Native American ethnicity, lower educational aspirations, lower body mass index, smoking among half or more friends, smokers at home, and a positive depression screen. Among ever-regular smokers, most were in the action (28%), preparation (21%), or contemplation (22%) readiness to quit smoking stages, and 77% of current smokers had made one or more serious quit attempts in the last year. CONCLUSIONS: Most teens in these medical facilities consented to receive tobacco and diet interventions, and most self-described current smokers were contemplating or preparing to quit. Medical visits provide attractive opportunities for tobacco intervention, but messages should be tailored based on the patient's tobacco status and stage of acquisition or cessation.     

Smoking cessation factors among African Americans and whites. COMMIT Research Group.

OBJECTIVES. This study was undertaken to explore smoking patterns and attitudes that influence smoking cessation and relapse among African Americans. METHODS. Baseline data from eight Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT) sites were analyzed. RESULTS. Compared with Whites, African Americans who smoke less than 25 cigarettes per day were 1.6 times more likely to smoke within 10 minutes of awakening (a behavioral indicator of nicotine dependence), adjusting for education, age, and gender (OR = 1.2 for heavier smokers). African Americans reported a stronger desire to quit smoking and reported serious quit attempts in the past year. African Americans favored tobacco restrictions (they were 1.8 times more likely than Whites to view smoking as a serious community problem, 1.7 times more likely to favor restrictions on cigarette vending machines, and 2.1 times more likely to prohibit smoking in their car). African Americans were lighter/moderate, menthol smokers. CONCLUSIONS. African Americans find smoking socially unacceptable and are strongly motivated to quit, but their "wake-up" smoking may indicate high nicotine dependence, making abstinence difficult even for lighter smokers.