军事体力劳动强度评价和分级标准的研究

军事体力劳动强度评价和分级标准的研究李文选汪济民窦兰君昝俊平徐社教关于体力劳动强度的分级，国内外均有许多报道［１～３］。我们拟通过对递增负荷运动中的心率（ＨＲ）、氧脉搏（Ｏ２Ｐ）、每分通气量（ＶＥ）、氧通气当量（ＶＥ／ＶＯ２）和氧耗量（ＶＯ２）等参数...     

应用FTQLJ-1型肺通气量计测定能量代谢率换算气体温度的探讨

按照体力劳动分级标准的要求,在计算标准状态下气体体积时,需用呼气温度值,目前的测定仪器(FTQLJ-1型肺通气量计)无温度显示装置。通过实验已初步得出呼气流经仪器时与环境的关系。在测定时,可通过环境温度来估算相应经流量计的温度。其结果是环境温度≤0℃时,估算温度应为5℃;1～25℃时,应是环境温度+5℃;26～30℃时,应为30℃;>30℃时,可按环境温度计算。这一建议合理,并应用于现场测定。     

应用肺通气量计算累积接尘与尘肺发病的研究

劳动者在不同劳动强度的粉尘作业岗位及不同状态的接尘环境下,肺通气量的数据相差很大。根据作业工人接上时间肺总通气量、估计粉尘吸入量和尘肺发病。应用寿命表计算出尘肺累积患病概率与该接尘工人累积接尘量之间有显著相关关系(r=0.9778),其直线回归方程为Logit=3.5921 LgW-25.3820。利用此方程式可对已知岗位的劳动强度及接尘状态、作业环境粉尘浓度和游离SiO_2含量,要求尘肺发病率一定时,预估工人在此岗位只能连续工作的年限。     

石油野外作业体力劳动强度分级方法的研究

对 15 5名调查对象研究结果显示 ,在GB3 869—1997基础上综合考虑特殊的劳动组织、劳动工时和劳动姿势等对体力劳动负荷的影响 ,能够更加客观、科学地评定石油野外作业工人的体力劳动强度。     

菜农劳动负荷与心率,耗氧量,肺通气量关系的探讨

本文以菜农为对象,在实验室用极限下的不同负荷连续工作,测试了心率、耗氧率和肺通气量,以所获的数据建立了负荷与心率、耗氧率及肺通气量的多元回归方程。同时,为便于现场调查应用,还建立了上述指标相互间的单元回归方程。     

高原不同海拔地区儿童肺活量肺通气量与形态指标的相关性

目的 了解高原不同海拔地区儿童肺活量肺通气量与形态指标的相关性,以便为制定高原性疾病防控策略提供参考依据.方法 于2019年1月至2020年6月采用随机抽样调查法,选择青海西宁地区(海拔2 260m,低海拔组)、青海海西地区(海拔2 900m,中海拔组)、青海玉树地区(海拔4 493m,高海拔组)7～15岁中小学生作为...     

高原体力劳动强度分级标准研究

高原体力劳动强度分级标准研究张世杰，李建国，宋长平，唐干之，胡义斌李岳，李生新，吴杨帆，柏银海，廖继祖，康海丽高原劳动强度分级及卫生限度的研究，是高原劳动生理、劳动卫生和劳动保护工作的一项重要内容，是制定高原劳动定额、确定用工制度、保险福利及劳动保护...     

鞍钢工人体力劳动强度分级调查研究

对鞍钢23个工厂、7个矿山的212个工种进行了体力劳动强度分级调查。结果表明,Ⅰ级体力劳动强度占52.4％,Ⅱ级体力劳动强度占17.9％,Ⅲ级体力劳动强度占17.5％;Ⅳ级体力劳动强度占12.2％。     

Annual decline of ventilatory capacity and change in acute respiratory response in hemp exposure over a 10-year period

Summary A follow-up study of the effect of exposure to hemp dust on respiratory function over a 10-year period (1963–1973) was conducted in 24 female non-smoking hemp workers. The prevalence of byssinosis in 1973 (70.8%) was found to be significantly higher than 10 years earlier in 1963 (33%) (P<0.01). The prevalence of all other chronic respiratory symptoms was also considerably increased. In the control group the prevalence of all chronic respiratory symptoms was practically the same during both surveys.In hemp workers, there was a significant acute fall over the work shift in FEV_1.0 (1-second forced expiratory volume) and FVC (forced vital capacity), both in 1963 and 1973 (P<0.01), except in the group of workers who did not have byssinosis either in 1963 or in 1973. The lowest mean annual decline of FEV_1.0 within the 10-year period was found in the group without byssinosis in both 1963 and in 1973 (27 ml), followed by the group without byssinosis in 1963 but with byssinosis in 1973 (38 ml). The largest annual decline was observed in the subjects with byssinosis during both surveys (55 ml). The mean annual FEV_1.0 decline in the control group was 22 ml.     

A comparison of isometric strength and dynamic lifting capacity in men with work-related low back injuries

Job classification, return to work status, and job placement are determined by the results of lifting capacity tests. Lifting capacity is often assessed by maximum static or dynamic physical exertions. The purpose of this study was to compare maximum isometric lifting strength with maximum dynamic lifting capacity in subjects with work-related low back injury. Twenty-seven men performed five dynamic lifting tasks and two isometric strength tests. The mean Pearson product-moment correlation between maximum isometric lifting strength measurements and maximum dynamic lifting capacity measurements was .51 with a range of .30–.73. The results indicate low to moderate associations between isometric strength measurements and lifting capacity suggesting that estimates of functional lifting capacity should not be based on static measurements alone. Dynamic lift tests are often a better simulation of the task being assessed and may be more appropriate for a back-injured population.     

Effect of computerized instructions on measurement of lift capacity: Safety,reliability, and validity

The evaluation of lift capacity is an important part of most functional capacity evaluations. Several different methods have been developed to evaluate lift capacity in a safe, reliable, and valid manner. Isometric strength testing is one approach which has been demonstrated to be highly reliable. However, questions have been raised about the safety and validity of isometric strength testing as a predictor of real world lift capacity. One method to improve safety is to provide real time performance feedback so that the evaluee is able to increase psychophysical input to appropriately gauge his or her effort level. One method to improve reliability is to provide standardized instructions that are well understood by the evaluee. Both of these approaches have been utilized in the ERGOS Work Simulator, a computer-controlled multiple-task evaluation instrument that presents visual and auditory instructions to the evaluee along with real-time performance feedback. The safety, reliability, and validity of this computer-automated approach in comparison to an experienced human evaluator was evaluated in this research project. The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of computerized instructions in an isometric strength testing system to achieve safe, reliable, and valid results. Intra-task variability may be improved by providing pre-test practice trials.     

省会城市的农村劳动力转移就业承载能力研究

随着城市化进程的加快、城镇人口的增加、城市规模的迅速扩张,资源消耗不断增多,环境污染日益加重,城市综合承载力对劳动力流动的瓶颈约束作用逐渐凸显,尤其经济相对发达的省会城市。因此,如何协调省会城市的可持续发展与劳动力承载数量之间的关系,便成为当今社会各界普遍关注的焦点。     

组织阻抗频谱测量中杂散电容对测量精度影响的研究

在生物组织复阻抗谱测量中,通常采用四电极测量方法,相邻驱动电极和测量电极导联线间存在寄生杂散电容,本文研究了这一杂散电容对组织复阻抗实部和虚部测量精度的影响。结果表明:杂散电容在高频时将引入测量误差,而且随着电容值的增大,引入的测量误差越大,这种杂散电容对复阻抗虚部测量精度的影响尤为显著。     

提升综合性病房楼电梯运量方法的探讨

目的:探讨提高医院综合性病房楼电梯运量的方法。方法 :对某院综合性病房楼的电梯运行采用电梯时控系统,分层、分时停靠,通过智能化平台比较改造前后的运行效果。结果:采用电梯时控系统分层、分时停靠后,电梯平均每天的开关门次数减少11.7%,运行次数增加18.3%,平均等候时间缩短25.3%,电梯载客量提高17.6%。结论:电梯时控系统分层、分时停靠是提高综合性病房楼运量的有效方法。     

Effects of exposure to cotton dust on energy expenditure in the textile industry

Summary An assessment of energy expenditure has been made in 50 male textile workers and 30 male office cleaners. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in energy expenditure between textile workers and office cleaners amounting to 12 to 16%. While 33.3% of the textile group complained of chest disorders, none of the cleaners had such a complaint. FEV₁ and FVC values of the textile workers were significantly lower (P < 0.01) compared to those of the controls. There were no differences in body weight, lean body mass and socio-economic conditions of the two groups, however, the textile workers were younger and taller than the unexposed group. Exposure to cotton dust and respiratory and ventilatory impairments are suspected of causing a reduction in the energy expenditure of the textile workers     

离子交换纤维对HF气体的动态吸附研究

采用国产FA 弱碱性离子交换纤维作吸附滤料 ,测试了FA 纤维对HF气体的动态吸附容量 ,探讨了动态吸附的影响因素 ,考察了FA 纤维的再生效果。结果显示 ,FA 纤维对HF气体的穿透吸附量为 75mg g,饱和吸附量为 1 52mg g。该滤料经多次再生循环使用 ,吸附效果没有明显变化 ,说明FA 纤维具有很好的化学稳定性。     

医院医疗质量实时控制研究概述

目的：探索先进、有效的医疗质量的管理方法，提高医疗环节质量。方法：前瞻性方法，结合文献综述、过程分析、统计学和计算机网络技术等。结果：建立了医疗质量实时控制的要素管理、过程管理、监测控制管理模式；确定了医院病种质量与费用实时控制方法；确定了临床路径对住院诊疗质量实时控制的作用；确定了病案质量实时控制 的方法。结论：医疗质量实时控制是一种有效的新的医疗质量监管方法。     

Effects of aerosols in common use on the ventilatory capacity of the lung

Summary A group of 17 volunteers were exposed to a body deodorant, an air freshener, air disinfectant, a furniture polish, spot remover, shoe spray, glass defroster, hair spray and, separately, to their volatile components.An immediate significant fall in ventilatory capacity was recorded upon exposure to each of the sprays. The maximum fall of FEV_1.0 ranged from 3.3 to 7.4%, that of V_max 50% VC from 5.3 to 11.3%, while V_max 75% VC falls were most pronounced reaching up to 20.9%, suggesting a predominant effect on small airways. In the majority of cases changes in ventilatory capacity on exposure to sprays were similar to those recorded on exposure to their solvents.A significant drop in ventilatory capacity over the period of a work shift was found in a group of hairdressers exposed to hair sprays — more pronounced in V_max 50% VC and V_max 75% VC than in FEV_1.0.When preliminary tests on the histamine-releasing activity of sprays were performed, evidence was found that sprays released histamine, but in quantities not likely to be inhaled in the normal use of sprays.Partly presented at 1st World Congress of Environmental Medicine and Biology, Paris, 1–5 July, 1974.