下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症多节段复杂病变的杂交手术治疗

目的:探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)多节段复杂病变的治疗手段及临床疗效。方法:采用杂交手术治疗ASO多节段复杂病变,患者21例,切开股总动脉行髂动脉Fogarty导管取栓术+髂动脉血管腔内成形术(PTA)+支架(STENT)2例,髂动脉PTA+STENT+股总动脉内膜切除术(TEA)4例,髂动脉PTA+STENT+股总动脉TEA+股动脉Fogarty导管取栓术1例,髂动脉PTA+STENT+股总动脉TEA+股腘动脉人造血管旁路移植术1例,髂动脉PTA+STENT+股总动脉TEA+股浅动脉PTA+STENT2例,髂动脉PTA+STENT+股总动脉TEA+膝下动脉PTA2例,髂动脉PTA+STENT+股总动脉TEA+股深动脉扩大成形术2例,股总股浅动脉TEA+股浅动脉PTA+STENT3例,股浅动脉TEA+腘动脉PTA+膝下动脉PTA3例,先行膝下动脉远端流出道的PTA治疗,而后同期进行股腘动脉人造血管移植术1例。结果:手术成功率为100%,未出现严重并发症,踝肱指数(ABI)复查由0.31升至0.66(正常值0.53～0.91)。分别于术后3,6,9个月及12个月进行Ⅰ期临床评估及彩色多普勒超声检查,1例11个月死于急性心肌梗死,2例再狭窄,1年通畅率90%(18/20)。结论:杂交手术治疗多节段复杂病变的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者安全、创伤小及通畅率高。     

主髂动脉闭塞手术方式的选择

目的 :探讨腹主动脉下段及髂动脉闭塞手术方式的选择。方法 :对我院 1996年 3月至 2 0 0 2年 1月 4 8例主髂动脉闭塞病例进行回顾性总结。结果 :行主 髂 (股 )动脉人工血管转流术 15例 ,髂 股动脉人工血管转流术 10例。髂动脉内膜剥脱术 1例 ,股 -股动脉人工血管转流术 10例 ,腋 -股动脉人工血管转流术 12例。均得到随访。总有效率 95 8% ,围手术期死亡率 4 17%。人工血管通畅率81 2 %。结论 :解剖途径人工血管转流术是治疗本病的首选方法 ,以获得较高的通畅率。对于高龄、体弱者 ,特别是全身一般情况差 ,合并高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、肺气肿等慢性病的患者 ,应采用解剖外途径人工血管转流术 ,以减低手术死亡率     

血管腔内成形术联合外科手术治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症

目的探讨下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的治疗手段及临床疗效。方法采用髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入结合股-腘动脉人工血管转流术治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症18例（20条患肢）。结果手术均获得成功,未出现严重并发症。患侧下肢末梢泛红试验均较术前明显改善。平均随访15个月（1-26个月）,与术前相比患者症状明显改善,跛行距离加大（〉1000m）。结论髂动脉腔内介入血管成形术结合股-腘动脉转流术是治疗多节段多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的有效方法,手术创伤小、操作方便,尤其适合高危重症患者。     

股深动脉重建改善下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者下肢缺血的疗效

目的 探讨股深动脉重建改善下肢动脉缺血方面的疗效.方法 根据CTA及血管彩超选择高危重症多节段动脉硬化闭塞症病例,对30例FontaineⅢ、Ⅳ期下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者实施股深动脉重建.其中解剖外途径股-股深动脉人工血管转流术7例,髂总、髂外动脉-股深动脉人工血管转流术9例,髂动脉球囊扩张+支架植入术结合股深动脉成形术4例,腋动脉-股深动脉转流2例,单纯股深动脉成形术8例.结果 26例患者症状明显改善,皮温明显升高,静息痛消失,ABI明显升高(术前平均为0.23,术后平均为0.57).3例症状减轻,1例无效截肢.术后随访3～23个月(平均13个月).18例行人工血管转流术的病例中1例发生闭塞,人工血管通畅率为94.4％.8例单纯股深动脉成形的病例中1例闭塞.总体保肢率为96.7％.结论 在股浅动脉广泛闭塞时,股深动脉重建治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期动脉硬化闭塞症具有重要意义.     

3D-CEMRA在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中的诊断价值

目的 探讨三维动态增强磁共振血管造影（contrast enhancement magnetic resonance angiography，3D-CEMRA）在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症（ASO）中的诊断价值及临床意义。方法对23例临床疑下肢ASO的患者行3D-CEMRA，扫描应用cage-bolus与三段动态扫描相结合。结果 23例患者腹主动脉、髂总动脉、髂内外动脉、股胭动脉、胫前后及腓动脉的动脉硬化闭塞的部位、范围、管壁及侧支循环建立情况均得到了清晰的显示。结论 3D-CEMRA对下肢ASO的诊断有重要意义，可作为血管介入治疗和手术前病人筛选的主要方法。     

血管镜辅助下内膜切除术治疗长段股—腘动脉闭塞35例疗效观察

目的提高长段股—腘动脉闭塞性病变的治疗水平。方法对35例长段股—腘动脉闭塞性病变患者行血管镜辅助下半闭合式内膜切除术：依据术前影像学资料,在病变动脉远、近端纵形切开,切除动脉内膜。动脉腔内引入血管镜,检查残留斑块或内膜,用Fogarty取栓导管或内膜剥脱器进一步处理,缝合固定远端内膜断端。结果手术成功率100%,动脉内膜切除长度10～36（25±8）cm,手术时间85～250（160±70）min。其中5例同时行股深动脉扩大成形术,3例行髂动脉球囊扩张及支架植入术,1例行髂外动脉内膜切除术。术后出现切口并发症2例,足趾溃疡5例,均经换药后愈合。术后踝肱指数由术前0.45±0.13提高至0.95±0.18（P〈0.01）。术后2周经动脉置管造影证实股—腘动脉通畅率100%。随访1～24个月,累积通畅率85.7%,保肢率100%。结论血管镜辅助下半闭合式内膜切除术治疗长段股—腘动脉闭塞性病变安全有效,近期通畅率与旁路手术及腔内介入手术相近,远期通畅率有待进一步观察。     

糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的外科和介入治疗的临床疗效

经彩色多普勒超声与血管造影确诊的糖尿病合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的患者39例，16例行腹主动脉或髂动脉股动脉人工血管移植术；12例行股-腘动脉人工血管或自体大隐静脉移植术；9例行经皮血管腔内成形术＋内支架术，2例单纯行PTA。术后6个月的血管通畅率为89.7％。     

内膜剥脱术用于21例颈动脉狭窄患者疗效分析

目的 评价颈动脉内膜剥脱（CEA）术治疗颈动脉狭窄的近期疗效.方法 选择颈动脉硬化狭窄患者21例,其中有慢性脑缺血症状8例,一过性脑缺血发作用（TIA）8例,无症状3例,支架后再狭窄2例,术前均行彩色超声波显像、DSA动脉造影或CTA和MRA扫描检查,颈动脉狭窄程度65％ ～93％;在全麻下行CEA,术中均未放置动脉转流管.采用CEA方法进行手术治疗,回顾分析治疗效果.结果 21例患者均行CEA术,术后CTA示狭窄段成形良好,术后随访3 ～ 20个月,临床症状消失16例,明显改善4例,留有轻度慢性脑缺血症状者1例.结论 颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗颈动脉狭窄近期疗效好,值得临床推广应用,但手术指征较为严格,需严格掌握.     

动脉内膜剥脱自体干细胞移植治疗下肢动脉闭塞症的临床疗效观察

目的探讨患肢动脉内膜剥脱和(或)人工血管旁路术、自体骨髓干细胞动脉腔内及肌内移植对治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床价值。方法总结185例下肢动脉闭塞症的临床资料,回顾分析其病因、临床特点、诊断方法、治疗手段及治疗效果。结果 185例经闭塞段动脉内膜剥脱、自体干细胞腔内和肌内移植,术后随访3、6、12、18、24个月,肢体血液循环改善明显,临床症状缓解。结论下肢动脉硬化闭塞症采取闭塞段内膜剥脱和(或)人工血管旁路术,辅以自体骨髓干细胞动脉腔内和肌内移植可获较好疗效。     

旁路移植术治疗下肢闭塞性动脉硬化22例疗效分析

闭塞性动脉硬化(ASO)的发病率呈逐年增高趋势(1),已居下肢缺血性疾病的首位,轻者肢体发凉麻木疼痛,重者肢体坏疽,甚至截肢,给社会和家庭带来沉重负担.下肢ASO病变分为:I型(主髂动脉闭塞型)占10%;Ⅱ型(主-髂-股动脉型)占25%～35%;Ⅲ型(多节段型,即主-髂-股-小腿动脉)占60%～70%(2).特别是Ⅲ型治疗困难,仅有20%～50%手术机率然而手术失败率高达30%(3).但从整体来讲,特别是I型和Ⅱ型人还是有相当高的手术机率(4),而旁路移植术是治疗ASO的重要方法(3～5).     

Spontaneous reversibility of early reobstruction following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

Early reocclusion and late restenosis are well-known problems after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). We report here on a phenomenon not described so far in two patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease who had PTA of the common iliac and the superficial femoral artery, respectively. Both had a good hemodynamic and clinical initial result. However, within two days after PTA symptomatic reobstruction occurred documented by noninvasive measurements. Noteworthy, this reobstruction was spontaneously reversible within days. The possible pathomechanism is discussed.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) as an adjunct in vascular trauma: case report

An iliac stenosis causing a pressure gradient of 70 mm Hg proximal to repair of a traumatically divided superficial femoral artery was relieved by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). Though the magnitude of the accompanying crush injury led to massive muscle necrosis and ultimately necessitated mid-thigh amputation, the arterial repair remained patent.     

Spontaneous recanalisation of the superficial femoral artery following angioplasty of the femoral artery in a patient with disseminated atherosclerosis--a case report

We present a case of a 51-year-old male with multivessel coronary artery disease and disseminated peripheral arterial disease (PAD) who underwent coronary angioplasty, followed by angioplasty with stent implantation of the left superficial iliac artery and right femoral artery. Thirty days later the patient was admitted for elective angioplasty of the previously closed superficial right femoral artery; however, angiography showed that the artery was patent with a residual stenosis which narrowed the vessel lumen by 10%. We believe that spontaneous recanalisation of this artery was caused by multiple factors, including cessation of smoking, physical training, pharmacological therapy and previous angioplasty of the right femoral artery.     

Transluminal angioplasty in a surgical setting. 150 cases

Since 1985, 150 transluminal angioplasty operations have been performed by surgical teams, in the operating theater, for treatment of atheromatous lesions of the lower extremities, either as a complement to or in replacement of direct surgical repair. 150 angioplasties were carried out on patients with severe stage II lesions (72%). There was one or several significant stenosis in 140 of cases, and one short segmental thrombosis in 10 cases (1 common iliac and 9 superficial femoral or popliteal). These angioplasties fell into the following categories: 60 iliac, 78 femoral-popliteal and 12 angioplastic repairs of stenosis to iliac or distal femoral surgery (anastomosis, grafting, endarterectomy...). Angioplasty was combined with revascularization or lumbar sympathectomy in 29% of cases. It was performed singly in most cases (71%) and carried out percutaneously (45%) or by limited superficial proximal femoral approach under local anesthesia (26%), either directly or when the percutaneous approach failed. Eight cases of thrombosis (5.3%) developed during the first month: 2 cases after iliac angioplasty and 6 cases after femoral-popliteal angioplasty. Five deaths occurred consecutively to myocardial infarction. At long term, 4 cases of iliac thrombosis and 3 cases of thrombosis complicating femoral-popliteal angioplasty were detected. The overall cumulative permeability rate was 89% at 30 months, and there was no significant difference at one year's time between iliac and femoral-popliteal angioplasty patients (90% and 86%, respectively). Data collected from digital angiographic monitoring allowed to detect 9 cases of residual or recurrent stenosis (2 iliac, 6 femoral-popliteal and 1 postoperative lesions). Two repeat femoral-popliteal angioplasties were successfully performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Principles of surgery of the deep femoral artery in arteritis of the lower extremities]

The role of the deep femoral artery has too often been ignored in the assessment of arteritis of the lower limb. This anatomical distribution, which seems to be restricted to the thig, has left pride of place to the superficial artery as being responsible for intermittent claudication. In fact the deep femoral artery represents an exceptional and privileged route for anastomosis that is capable of replacing almost perfectly an obstructed superficial femoral artery and also in a more limited way femoro-popliteal arteries with extensive obstructions. The authors estimate that the deep femoral artery represents a true physiological bypass for a thrombosed superficial femoral artery on which a lumbar sympathectomy has a particularly remarkable action. It is important, in order to obtain as good a result as possible, that the flow in the deep femoral artery should be good, which presupposes complete freedom of the iliac axis and good permeability of the trunk of the artery, begining at its ostium. Surgery of the deep femoral artery is short or lon angioplastic surgery depending on the type of lesion, usually involving a venous patch. The surgical approach is straightforward. Whe it is used for isolated lesions or as the last stage of aorto-iliac surgery, delicate angioplasty of the deep femoral artery is a perfectly feasible operation which the authors believe should take its place, in association with lumbar sympathectomy, in the restoration of the superficial femoral artery.     

髂动脉及股动脉内支架植入术的长期临床

目的 本项研究分析了经皮腔内成形术及支架植入术治疗髂动脉及股动脉动脉硬化性狭窄的早期及晚期临床疗效。方法和结果 从１９９４年１２月至１９９７年３月,为３３名患者的３７条髂、股动脉血管内植入４３个Ｗａｌｌｓｔｅｎｔ支架,手术全部成功。临床随访（２６±１４）个月,术后间歇性跛行及休息痛等症状均消失。２３例患者中的１７例（２０条血管）进行血管造影随访,随访时间（１０ ± ５）个月。血管造影随访时髂动脉支架内再狭窄率为０（０／８）;股动脉再狭窄率为３３％（３／９）,全部３例患者的３条再狭窄的股动脉,均成功地再次行ＰＴＡ。结论 髂动脉和股动脉ＰＴＡ和支架术是一种安全有效的方法,成功率高,并发症少。     

球囊经皮腔内血管成形术治疗糖尿病肢体动脉硬化闭塞症15例报告

糖尿病足患者经皮胫腓动脉腔内成形术（PTA）后随访3～12个月显示：15例（17条腿）术后临床动脉影像达100％成功。1例于3个月后截肢,其余病例临床疗效满意。3个月动脉开放率达94％。结论是：PTA对胫腓动脉阻塞的DM患者具有临床应用价值。     

阿托伐他汀对血管损伤小鼠血管重构的干预研究

目的观察不同剂量阿托伐他汀对血管损伤小鼠血管重构的影响。方法在雄性C57BL/6小鼠股动脉外套上聚乙烯套管,制作成血管损伤模型。320只小鼠随机分为5组：正常对照组（正常组）、假手术对照组（假手术组）、手术对照组（手术组）、阿托伐他汀低剂量干预组[低剂量组,2.5（mg/kg·d）],阿托伐他汀高剂量干预组[高剂量组,5（mg/kg·d）],每组64只,通过灌胃给药,分别于造模术后第7d、第14d处死小鼠。取小鼠股动脉标本,分别采用HE染色及NIH图像分析软件测量血管内膜及中膜面积,RT-PCR法检测NAD（P）H氧化酶系统主要亚单位p22phox,p47phox,rac-1mRNA表达水平,应用光泽精化学发光法测定股动脉O2-·的含量。各组随机抽取16只老鼠测造模前后血脂及肝功能。结果手术组及药物干预组均有血管内膜过度增生,正常组及假手术组未见新生内膜形成,造模术后14d阿托伐他汀两干预组股动脉内膜增厚速度显著减缓（P〈0.05）。术后14d两干预组,股动脉O2-·含量较手术组及术后7d时均显著降低,有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。术后14d两干预组股动脉p22phox,p47phox,rac-1mRNA的相对表达量较手术组及术后7d时显著降低（P〈0.05）。各组实验前后血脂、肝功无明显差异（P〉0.05）。小鼠股动脉p47phox,p22phox,rac-1mRNA表达量与O2-·含量之间呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.907,0.918,0.920（P均〈0.05）。结论短期应用阿托伐他汀能通过抑制小鼠股动脉p22phox,p47phox,rac-1mRNA的表达,减轻损伤血管重构。