人工双极股骨头置换与空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的比较

目的比较人工双极股骨头置换和空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法 78例股骨颈骨折患者中,40例采用人工双极股骨头置换（置换组）、38例采用空心螺钉内固定术（固定组）治疗。两组一般资料比较,P〉0.05。观察两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后患者卧床时间、髋关节Harris评分及住院费用。结果置换组与固定组手术时间相近（P〉0.05）;与固定组比较,置换组术中出血量较多、术后患者卧床时间较短、髋关节Harris评分较低、住院费用较高（P均〈0.05）。结论人工双极股骨头置换和空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折疗效均可;应根据患者情况选择术式。     

股骨颈骨折闭合复位加压螺纹钉内固定术后股骨头坏死的相关因素

目的探讨股骨颈骨折闭合复位加压螺纹钉内固定术后股骨头坏死的相关因素。方法选取2002年5月至2010年5月该院收治的股骨颈骨折且行闭合复位加压螺纹钉内固定术者350例,术后随访患者6年,应用Logistic回归分析导致股骨头坏死的相关因素。结果随访350例中有46例出现股骨头坏死,其发生率为13.1%,发生的时间为伤后8~72个月,平均(18.3±0.3)个月。根据年龄、骨折移位情况和骨折的复位情况分组,两组间的股骨头坏死发生率比较差异具有统计学意义(χ2=12.092,12.782,11.023;P=0.018,0.016,0.027);根据伤侧、性别、损伤机制、手术前时间间隔分组,两组的股骨头坏死发生率比较无统计学意义(χ2=5.498,6.529,5.436,6.821;P=0.069,0.076,0.079,0.057)。Logistic多因素回归分析发现,骨折移位情况、骨折复位的质量是股骨头坏死的相关性因素(OR=2.069,3.435;P=0.023,0.019)。结论闭合复位加压螺纹钉内固定是治疗股骨颈骨折的较好方法,骨折移位状况以及骨折复位的质量是股骨头坏死发生的相关性因素。     

闭合复位空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折疗效观察

目的观察闭合复位空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折疗效。方法采用闭合复位空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折患者38例。结果术后随访24～48个月,平均36个月,骨折均愈合,优25例,良9例,可3例,差1例,优良率89．5％。1例出现股骨头坏死。结论闭合复位空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折操作简单、创伤小、固定可靠、并发症少,疗效理想。     

三种不同手术方法治疗老年人股骨颈骨折疗效对比观察

老年人股骨颈骨折150例,行空心加压螺纹钉内固定76例、人工股骨头置换术41例、全髋关节置换术33例。随访1～10a,空心加压螺纹钉内固定组优良率61．84％、人工股骨头置换组为65．85％、全髋关节置换组为84．85％。认为全髋关节置换术治疗老年人股骨颈骨折疗效最佳。     

全髋关节置换与单纯股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效对比

老年人机体随年龄增长出现相应的生理状态的改变,给骨折治疗带来了困难,尤其是存在移位的股骨颈骨折难以获得满意的复位和固定,易发生骨折不愈合、股骨头缺血坏死及严重的全身并发症[1].65岁以上的股骨颈骨折保守治疗者,仅25％可恢复功能,而手术治疗者,80％以上功能恢复满意[2].     

全髋关节置换术与人工股骨头置换术对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后运动功能恢复的影响

目的探讨全髋关节置换术与人工股骨头置换术对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后运动功能恢复的影响。方法选择108例老年股骨颈骨折手术患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组54例。观察组采用全髋关节置换术治疗,对照组采用人工股骨头置换术治疗。比较两组患者术后关节运动功能恢复效果、Harris评分、近期并发症及炎症因子、疼痛介质水平。结果关节置换术后6个月,对照组关节功能恢复优良率(79.63%)明显低于观察组(92.59%,χ~2=14.503,P=0.002)。两组术后髋关节关节畸形评分无统计学差异(t=0.696,P=0.244);关节活动、疼痛程度及功能比较,观察组各项评分明显高于对照组(t=2.483,P=0.007;t=7.869,P=0.000;t=4.343,P=0.000)。两组术前血清炎症指标白细胞介素(IL)-1、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α及疼痛介质5-羟色胺(5-HT)、前列腺素(PG)E2水平无统计学差异(P>0.05)。手术后1个月,观察组IL-1、TNF-α、5-HT、PGE2水平均明显低于对照组(t=23.297,P=0.000;t=21.423,P=0.000;t=36.400,P=0.000;t=37.671,P=0.000)。术后半年内,对照组并发症发生率(22.22%)明显高于观察组(5.56%,χ~2=6.271,P=0.012)。结论老年股骨颈骨折患者采用全髋关节置换术,可以有效改善关节功能,避免术后并发症,减轻炎症反应及疼痛程度,更好提高患者生活质量。     

全髋关节和人工股骨头置换对老年人股骨颈骨折的治疗效果比较

目的比较全髋关节置换术与单纯人工股骨头置换术对老年人移位股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法对1995.5～2006.12我院收治的69例年龄在65～85岁以上移位新鲜股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性研究，将病例分为全髋关节置换组和人工股骨头置换组。人工股骨头置换组随访12～96（平均40.3）个月；全髋置换组12～88（平均42.9）个月。结果按Harris评分标准，全髋关节置换组术后优良率（77.4%）明显高于人工股骨头置换组（50%）（P〈0.05）。全髋关节置换组术后远期并发症的发生率（19.4%）明显低于人工股骨头置换组（47.1%）（P〈0.05）。结论人工股骨头和全髋关节置换术是治疗老年股骨颈骨折的有效方法，可提高老年人的生活质量，减低术后并发症的发生率，但全髋关节置换的效果优于单纯的人工股骨头置换。     

经皮空心拉力螺钉治疗老年人股骨颈骨折

目的探讨经皮空心拉力螺钉治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法选取我院于2007年9月-2012年5月收治的老年股骨颈骨折患者21例,对其实施闭合复位经皮空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗,观察其临床治疗效果。结果对21例患者进行7个月-3年的随访,均获得满意复位,复位率达100%;21例患者的髋关节功能优良率达100%,骨折愈合时间在5-9个月之间,平均(6.4±1.1)个月,临床效果显著。结论经皮空心拉力螺钉治疗老年人股骨颈骨折,操作方便,创伤小,恢复快,安全可靠,疗效确切,值得临床推广与应用。     

人工股骨头置换与人工全髋关节置换在治疗老年股骨颈骨折中的疗效比较

目的对比观察人工股骨头置换(FHR)与人工全髋关节置换(THR)在治疗老年股骨颈骨折中的临床疗效。方法将42例股骨颈骨折随机分为两组,分别采用人工股骨头置换和人工全髋关节置换术进行治疗。结果两组患者的手术时间、出血量和术后并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。人工股骨头置换和人工全髋关节置换术后优良率分别为90.9%、95.0%(P0.05)。结论人工股骨头置换和人工全髋关节置换术同样可以达到治愈股骨颈骨折的目的,是目前治疗老年股骨颈骨折比较理想而可靠的方法。     

髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折与股骨头坏死的临床效果观察

目的探讨股骨颈骨折与股骨头坏死老年患者行髋关节置换治疗的临床效果。方法对该院2015-07~2016-07收治的股骨颈骨折与股骨头坏死患者90例,按照临床所用不同治疗方案分成对照组和观察组两组,对照组45例患者行人工股骨头置换治疗,观察组45例患者行髋关节置换治疗,比较两组临床效果及预后情况。结果观察组治疗后Harris评分优良率(95.56%)比对照组(80.00%)高(P0.05);对照组手术时间比观察组短,术中出血量比观察组少(P0.05);两组总并发症率分别为2.22%、4.44%,比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后总体健康评分[(84.08±15.68)分]比对照组[(66.35±13.05)分]高(P0.01)。结论股骨颈骨折与股骨头坏死老年患者行髋关节置换治疗能够提高髋关节功能和生活质量,临床需加以合理利用。     

带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的疗效观察

目的探讨切开复位空心钉内固定联合带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植术治疗不稳定青壮年股骨颈骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法对21例GardenⅢ及Ⅳ型青壮年股骨颈骨折采用切开复位空心钉内固定联合带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植术治疗。结果 21例全部获随访,时间2年3个月～6年,20例术后均获骨折愈合,髋关节功能恢复良好,定期复查X线片未发现股骨头坏死征象。1例晚期出现股骨头缺血坏死,行人工髋关节置换。结论切开复位空心钉内固定联合带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣移植术固定可靠,可提供股骨颈骨折后股骨头血运,促进骨折愈合,减少股骨头缺血坏死和骨不连的发生,是治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的有效方法。     

PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折：平行与交叉构型螺钉固定的生物力学研究

目的通过生物力学试验比较平行和交叉构型螺钉固定PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的强度。方法对Synbone股骨近端模型骨进行80°截骨模拟PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折。将18例标本随机分为3组,分别使用倒三角平行构型、上方加压交叉构型和下方加压交叉构型螺钉固定骨折,使用MTS 858 Mini BionixⅡ试验系统测试标本的生物力学性质。结果倒三角平行构型螺钉组及上方加压交叉构型螺钉组的刚度均大于下方加压交叉构型螺钉组（P〈0.05）;在疲劳试验中,上方加压交叉构型螺钉组位移大于另外两组（P〈0.05）。平行螺钉在标本破坏后均发生不同程度退出,垂直于骨折线的加压螺钉均未发生退出。倒三角平行构型螺钉组和下方加压交叉构型螺钉组均有1例标本在破坏后可观察到骨折内翻。结论上方加压交叉构型螺钉能更好地对抗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折所承受的剪切应力、张力及内翻趋势,更适于此类骨折的固定。     

The role of internal fixation in the treatment of femoral head necrosis with ipsilateral hip fracture

Whether internal fixation or hip arthroplasty is the most appropriate initial treatment for patients with ipsilateral hip fracture and osteonecrosis of the femoral head remains unknown. In this study, the prognoses of patients who underwent internal fixation or hip arthroplasty were analyzed and compared to explore the role of internal fixation in treating such patients.We retrospectively reviewed 69 patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral head and ipsilateral hip fracture from 1999 to 2018. They were divided into the hip arthroplasty or internal fixation group. The visual analog scale and Harris score were used. The incidence of complications and the conversion to arthroplasty were also investigated to further explore the role of internal fixation.Male patients (male/female: 25/31 vs 20/38, P = .015), younger patients (average age: 46.80 ± 13.14 vs 61.07 ± 15.61, P < .001), and patients with femoral neck fractures (fracture type, femoral neck/trochanter: 21/31 vs 12/38, P = .003) were more likely to receive 1-stage hip arthroplasty. Of 38 patients undergoing internal fixation, fracture nonunion was identified in 9, and progression of osteonecrosis was identified in 16. Meanwhile, conversion to secondary hip arthroplasty occurred in 13 patients. Four independent risk factors for conversion to secondary hip arthroplasty were identified: age of ≤60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 9.786, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.735–35.015), male sex (OR = 6.790, 95% CI = 1.718–26.831), collapse of the femoral head before injury (OR = 7.170, 95% CI = 2.004–25.651), and femoral neck fracture (OR = 8.072, 95% CI = 2.153–30.261). A new scoring system was constructed for predicting conversion to hip arthroplasty in patients undergoing internal fixation treatment. A cutoff of ≤2 points indicated low risk for conversion, 3 to 4 points indicated moderate risk, and ≥5 points indicated high risk.Patients who underwent internal fixation had worse prognoses than those who underwent 1-stage hip arthroplasty. However, in this study, hip arthroplasty conversion did not occur in most patients who received internal fixation. Using the new scoring system to identify patients who may require conversion to replacement may help make appropriate patient management and clinical decisions.     

Ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fracture in children: Two case reports

Rationale:Pediatric femoral shaft combined with ipsilateral femoral neck fractures are very rare but challenging injuries fraught with the development of avascular necrosis, coxa vara, and leg length discrepancy. Majority of the previous reports indicated the neck femur fracture was fixed with cannulated screws or/and pins, femoral shaft fracture was stabilized with a plate and screws. However, we used cannulated screws combined with elastic stable intramedullary nails to minimally invasive procedures treat this type of injury and achieved good follow-up results.Patient concerns:A 7-year-old boy (Case 1) was hospitalized due to a traffic accident resulting in swelling and deformity of the right thigh accompanied by limited mobility of hip and knee. A 5-year-old male child (Case 2) presented with pain and swelling in the bilateral lower limb after fall from approximately 12 feet.Diagnoses:Physical examination, X-ray film, and computed tomography were performed. Both patients were diagnosed with ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fracture.Interventions:The fractures were reduced closed by image-intensifier imaging. Two partially threaded cancellous screws were used to fix femoral neck fracture, and elastic intramedullary nails were performed to stable the femoral shaft fracture. Postoperatively, the patients were immobilized in a one-and-a-half hip spica cast for six weeks. The internal fixations were removed after one year.Outcomes:Case one was follow-up at 14 months and the other one was followed up for 3 years. And at the last follow-up showed a normal and painless hip function. No clinical complications were found during follow-up visit, including head penetration, implant failure, fracture nonunion, avascular necrosis and hip varus deformity.Lessons:Clinician should carefully check and read relevant imaging data to avoid missed diagnosis. And the internal fixation method described in this paper may be more minimally invasive.     

Biomechanical analysis of the closed reduction internal fixation with cannulated screw of femoral neck fractures

The influencing factors in closed reduction internal fixation with cannulated screw of femoral neck fractures have not been well investigated. This study evaluated these factors in patients with femoral neck fractures.Fifty-seven patients (36 males and 21 females) diagnosed with femoral neck fracture with the average age of 52.44 ± 15.04 years who underwent closed reduction internal fixation with cannulated screw were included in this study. Data were collected through case report reviews, phone call follow-ups, and outpatient follow-ups to evaluate pre- and postoperative radiograph images. Statistical analysis was performed using Garden classification, binary and multinomial logistic regression analysis by including factors such as patient''s age, gender, fracture type, time to fixation, reduction quality, functional recovery period, removal of cannulated screw, and preoperative traction. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age and reduction quality was statistically significant (P < .05) to clinical outcome and other factors were not statistically significant.The main factors affecting clinical outcomes were functional recovery and reduction quality. The biomechanical effects of fixation provide a good foundation for fracture healing. Patient''s conditions should be carefully evaluated before selecting reduction procedures to reach an optimal surgical outcome.     

长柄人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨长柄骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法对2005-01-2010-06采用长柄骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换治疗75岁以上不稳定性股骨转子间骨折62例,平均随访15个月,观察术后并发症、骨折愈合时间、关节功能情况。结果术后53例患者获得随访,无一例死亡;有1例出现下肢深静脉栓塞,经治疗后痊愈出院;无褥疮、肺部感染、髋关节脱位等常见并发症发生。根据Harris评定标准评价：优43例（81．1％）,良7例（13．2％）,可3例（5．6％）,差0例,优良率达94．3％。结论长柄骨水泥型双极人工股骨头置换治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折具有创伤小、手术时间短、下地活动早、并发症少、髋关节功能恢复好等优点,是一种较理想的治疗方法。     

80岁以上股骨颈骨折髋关节置换术围手术期安全性和疗效观察

目的评价高龄（≥80岁）股骨颈骨折患者接受髋关节置换术围手术期的安全性和有效性。方法1997年11月至2007年11月,应用全髋关节置换术（11例）或半髋关节置换术（67例）治疗78例≥80岁股骨颈骨折患者,对其术前危险因素、围手术期并发症和术后2周临床效果等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组患者平均年龄（83．7±3．59）岁,其中GardenⅢ型骨折42例、GardenⅣ型骨折36例。术前应用美国麻醉医师协会分级标准评价,80．8％为高危患者;采用统计死亡率和并发症发生率的生理学和手术严重程度评分系统预测主要并发症发生32例,术后实际发生24例,观察值与预测值之间无统计学差异（p=0．205）,全髋关节置换组与半髋关节置换组均无统计学差异;术后2周疼痛缓解满意率为96．2％,76．9％的患者独立或辅助下自行室内活动。结论在高龄股骨颈骨折患者,围手术期针对生理状况及手术操作的可改变指标进行有效的干预措施,采取髋关节置换术,可获得安全、有效的临床结果。     

经不同手术入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折的疗效分析

目的比较经不同手术入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折患者的疗效,分析髋臼双柱骨折选择手术入路的原则。方法随访1996年5月～2004年12月手术治疗的髋臼双柱骨折患者59例,均有完整随诊资料。手术入路分布为：髂腹股沟入路38例,Kocher-Langenbeck入路7例,前后联合入路（前两个手术入路的联合使用）12例,扩展的髂股骨入路1例,Kocher-Langenbeck入路联合髂股骨入路1例。全部病例均接受切开复位钢板螺钉固定。结果 59例患者获得平均70.3（22～101）个月的随访。临床功能优25例、良28例、中5例、差1例,优良率为89.8%。股骨头缺血坏死3例、异位骨化6例、感染1例（联合入路）。单一手术入路、联合或扩展手术入路患者的平均手术用时分别为3.59 h及5.01 h（P=0.000）,术中平均自体血液回输量差异无显著性（P=0.993）,平均异体血液输入量差异有显著性（P=0.028）,临床功能优良率差异有显著性（P=0.024）。结论经单一手术入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折手术时间短、术中用血量少、临床疗效优于经联合或扩展手术入路治疗。     

髋关节置换术和空心加压螺钉内固定术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的效果比较

目的 对比观察全髋关节置换术与空心加压螺钉内固定术两种不同的手术方式对老年股骨颈骨折的疗效,以指导选择老年股骨颈骨折的治疗方案.方法 选择126例老年股骨颈骨折患者,回顾性对比分析患者行全髋关节置换术（A组,n=64）及内固定术（B组,n=62）两种不同治疗方式的手术时间、术中出血量、扶双拐下地时间、住院时间、并发症情况及术后关节功能的变化.结果 A组平均手术时间比B组明显延长[（72.8±10.1）min vs（55.7±7.8）min,P＜0.05];A组平均术中出血量显著多于B组[（365.5±51.2）mL vs （180.8±25.3） mL,P＜0.01];A组平均扶双拐下地时间显著少于B组[（7.5±1.2）d vs（48.7±6.8）d,P＜0.01];A组平均住院时间与B组比较,差异无统计学意义[（14.5±2.5） d vs （15.2±2.1）d,P＞0.05].A组并发症出现率明显低于B组（3.13％ vs 19.35％,P＜0.01）.A组Harris功能评分优良率明显高于B组（92.19％ vs 75.81％,P＜0.01）;A组无移位组Harris功能评分优良率与B组比较,差异无统计学意义（90.91％ vs 88.89％,P＞0.05）;A组移位组Harris功能评分优良率显著高于B组（92.85％ vs 60.00％,P＜0.01）.结论 全髋关节置换术适合于髋关节本身有骨关节炎、伴有严重骨质疏松症或有其他老年病不宜长期卧床的股骨颈骨折患者;而内固定术可作为受伤前髋关节活动能力好、骨质量好的或有严重内科合并症不能耐受关节置换的老年股骨颈骨折患者的首选治疗方案.     

缺血性股骨头坏死患者与正常受试者血浆糖盏蛋白水平的比较其临床意义

目的探讨缺血性股骨头坏死患者血浆糖盏蛋白水平的改变及其临床意义。方法检测在华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院骨伤科病房与门诊就诊的52例缺血性股骨头坏死患者和48名健康志愿者的血浆糖盏蛋白水平、血小板聚集率和纤维蛋白原含量,对每位受试者均做Harris评分。结果缺血性股骨头坏死患者血浆糖盏蛋白水平较正常人升高,血小板聚集率较正常人降低。血浆糖盏蛋白水平与股骨头坏死危险因素不相关,与Harris评分及纤维蛋白原呈正相关。血小板聚集率4 min和10 min时与纤维蛋白原正相关,2 min时与纤维蛋白原不相关。结论高含量纤维蛋白原促进糖盏蛋白的产生,其通过竞争性抑制血小板聚集缓解临床症状。血浆糖盏蛋白升高可能是缺血性股骨头坏死的一种自我保护机制。