A cavernous haemangioma of breast in male: radiological–pathological correlation

Vascular tumours of the breast are especially rare in men, and a majority of them are angiosarcomas. In fact, we found only four cases of haemangioma in males in the literature. We present a case of cavernous haemangioma in a male aged 48 years, and which commenced as a palpable mass. We performed differential diagnosis and radiological–pathological correlation. We established the correct classification of this case histologically, and decided on the definitive therapeutic approach. Received: 11 February 2000/Revised: 19 June 2000/Accepted: 20 June 2000     

Suprasellar cavernous haemangioma: an important differential diagnosis in the diencephalic tumours

We present three cases of suprasellar cavernous haemangioma with characteristic high-field MRI features. Clinical, CT and MRI data were retrospectively analysed. The patients had progressive neurological, endocrinological and visual complaints. In the three cases CT revealed a high-density suprasellar mass. In all cases the combination of a reticulated core of mized signal intensity with a surrounding rim of decreased signal on T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans suggested the presence of a cavernous haemangioma. Two patients underwent surgical biopsy after their first MRI examination. Cavernous haemangiomas located in the suprasellar area may show typical MRI features. Correspondence to: B. Suarez     

Foramen of Monro mass: MRI appearances permit diagnosis of cavernous haemangioma

Cavernous haemangiomas are most commonly found in the subcortical white matter, the pons and the external capsule. We present a case of a cavernous haemangioma that appeared as an intraventricular mass at the foramen of Monro. Despite the unusual location the diagnosis was established by MRI because of the typical appearance. The differential diagnosis included primary and secondary neoplasms at the foramen of Monro. Received: 10 June 1996 Accepted: 29 June 1996     

Suprasellar cavernous malformation presenting with extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage

Cavernous malformations are usually intraparenchymal, extra-axial lesions being uncommon. They have very rarely been reported as the cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. We present a case of hemorrhage related to a cavernous malformation, unusual in two ways. First, it is rare for an intracranial cavernous malformation to present with massive subarachnoid hemorrhage. Secondly, this cavernous malformation lay in the chiasmatic cistern. Received: 21 March 2000 Accepted: 3 October 2000     

Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the brain: a case report

We report a rare epithelioid haemangioendothelioma in the frontal lobe. The CT and MRI findings are characteristic and correspond to histological features intermediate between those a cavernous haemangioma and an aggressive vascular tumour. Received: 20 November 2000/Accepted: 10 January 2001     

海绵窦内海绵状血管瘤的影像学诊断(附4例报告)

目的:探讨海绵窦海绵状血管瘤影像学特点,以提高其诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经手术后病理证实的4例海绵窦海绵状血管瘤,均有CT和MRI检查资料,1例行DSA检查。结果:4例海绵窦海绵状血管瘤均位于左侧,CT表现为均匀的稍高密度影,伴蝶骨轻度骨质侵蚀,未见钙化。MRI检查见T1WI呈较脑灰质低的均匀信号,T2WI呈较脑灰质高的均匀信号,静脉注射钆喷酸葡甲胺后T1WI显示明显强化的均匀高信号,形态特点呈内小外大的哑铃状结构,边缘清晰。1例DSA检查见颈内动脉受压移位明显,但无管腔狭窄征象,于毛细血管期和窦期有浅淡的肿瘤染色。结论:MRI是术前诊断海绵窦海绵状血管瘤最具价值的检查手段,而CT、DSA可作为鉴别诊断工具。     

Is there a dural wall between the cavernous sinus and the pituitary fossa? Anatomical and MRI findings

We compared MRI studies of the sellar area and embryological and adult histological studies of the cavernous sinuses and pituitary fossa. MRI studies were performed in 50 normal subjects with coronal sections using a fast inversion-recovery sequence to demonstrate the dural walls of the cavernous sinus and pituitary fossa. With this sequence, dura mater appears as a high-signal linear structure. The lateral and superior walls of the cavernous sinus was easily identified on all studies, but demonstration of a dural wall separating the cavernous sinus from the pituitary fossa was not possible. These results correlated well with embryological and adult histological studies obtained from 14 specimens. The absence of a strong separation between the pituitary fossa and the cavernous sinus explains the high incidence of extension of pituitary tumours to the cavernous sinuses and vice versa. Received: 5 January 1998 Accepted: 14 February 1998     

Transvenous embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula of the cavernous sinus through the contralateral pterygoid plexus

We report a new transvenous endovascular route for treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas of the cavernous sinus. The cavernous sinus was approached from the contralateral pterygoid plexus and embolization of a dural fistula was performed successfully with Guglielmi detachable coils. Received: 16 June 1997 Accepted: 6 August 1997     

A cystic lesion within the dural sinuses: a rare cause of increased intracranial pressure

We present a rare cause of intracranial hypertension in a 19-year-old woman. The torcular was obstructed by a cystic developmental lesion, thought preoperatively to be an epidermoid. The patient also had a second lesion of possibly developmental origin, a cerebral cavernous haemangioma. Received: 14 November 1995 Accepted: 27 March 1996     

Pyogenic abscess complicating a resolving cerebral haematoma secondary to a cavernous haemangioma: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings

A case is discussed of a brain abscess complicating an intracerebral haemorrhage occurring in a cavernous haemangioma. A young child presented with focal seizures as a result of a large intracerebral haemorrhage, occurring in a cavernous haemangioma. The only clue to the underlying vascular malformation was the presence of an associated developmental venous anomaly. The case was complicated by the development of a brain abscess at the site of the intracranial haematoma. The CT and MRI findings are discussed.     

海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的MRI特征

目的:分析颅内海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的MRI特征,以提高对本病的认识.方法:回顾分析我院经手术和病理证实的海绵窦海绵状血管瘤25例(7例男性,18例女性;平均年龄50.6岁,范围28～74岁).采用1.5T或3.0T超导系统(GE Signa)MRI检查,包括T1WI、T2WI和增强后T1WI扫描.结果:病灶大小2.5～6cm(平均4.30cm),右侧17例,左侧8例.T1WI上24例病灶相对于白质呈低信号,仅1例呈高信号.T:WI上22例呈显著高信号,2例呈混杂信号,1例呈显著高信号伴部分流空信号.注射对比剂后10例呈显著均匀强化,其余15例呈显著不均匀强化.不均匀强化者均表现为增强扫描第二时相强化范围扩大.16例为累及鞍内的横向不对称哑铃形肿块,7例为球形肿块(其中2例可见小部分伸入鞍内),2例为分叶状肿块累及鞍旁和鞍内.所有病例均不伴邻近颞叶脑组织水肿,颈内动脉被推移或包绕.结论:海绵窦海绵状血管瘤多见于中老年女性,MRI特征为鞍旁肿块或鞍旁累及鞍内的肿块,呈横向哑铃形或球形,境界清楚,T2WI呈显著高信号;增强后病灶呈显著均匀强化或不均匀进行性强化.     

Positron emission tomography of cavernous haemangiomas of the brain

Four cases with lesions suspected to be low-grade intracerebral tumours but later proved to be cavernous haemangiomas are described. The patients were examined with contrast enhanced CT and with positron emission tomography (PET). The lesions were partly calcified with a mild or no mass effect and a slight contrast enhancement at CT. There were signs of disrupture of the blood-lesion barrier also on radionuclide studies. PET with 11C-methionine and 11C-glucose showed a normal or decreased accumulation of the tracers. This combination of findings has not been encountered in intracranial tumours. As a comparison, one case of glioblastoma is described. In this patient, the CT findings suggested a cavernous haemangioma. However, PET showed a markedly increased accumulation of 11C-methionine, which is compatible with brain tumour but not with haemangioma.     

Uterine cavernous haemangioma in a post-menopausal woman: CT and MRI findings mimicking uterine myoma with degeneration

Cavernous haemangioma is a very rare vascular malformation of the uterus. We describe the CT and MRI findings of a cavernous haemangioma in an 81-year-old female with recurrent menorrhagia. CT showed a well-marginated mass with multifocal calcifications and extensive haemorrhage, as well as necrosis in the anterior wall of the uterus. MRI revealed heterogeneous low- to high-signal intensities of the mass on T(1) and T(2 )weighted images as well as portions with poor enhancement of the mass on contrast-enhanced T(1 )weighted images. Although rare, cavernous haemangioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a calcified haemorrhagic necrotic uterine mass in post-menopausal women.     

海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现及分析

目的:通过分析海绵状血管瘤在磁共振成像和磁共振血管成像上的表现,总结海绵状血管瘤的诊断要点。材料和方法:分析43例海绵状血管瘤的发病部位,病灶的T_1加权像和T_2加权像的表现以及MRA的表现。结果:海绵状血管瘤在T_2加权像上表现为“铁环征”;在T_1加权像上表现为高低信号的混杂影,并且大部分可观察到血管状断面的低信号;在MRA上病灶表现为节结状的、与正常血管无关系的高信号影。结论:由于MR的信号能够特异地反映海绵状血管瘤的结构,它是目前诊断该病的最佳手段。     

Familial presumed cerebral cavernous angiomas diagnosed by MRI: three generations

Familial cerebral cavernous angiomas are rare, with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. To our knowledge, 25 families with this disorder have been described. We report three family members in a direct line of descent, who all brain had lesions typical of cavernous angiomas on MRI. Received: 10 January 1995 Accepted: 4 October 1995     

Magnetic resonance imaging of cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas

Summary Radiological findings of surgically verified cavernous hemangiomas of the cavernous sinus are presented with special reference to the appearance in magnetic resonance imaging. Differences in radiological features of the cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas and intracerebral cavernous hemangiomas are discussed.     

Cavernous hemangioma of the spleen. Apropos of a case

This report presents the spectrum of radiologic findings in a case of cavernous haemangioma of the spleen. Certain sonographic findings, echogenic mass surrounded by a rim of hypoechogenic splenic tissue, were suggestive of this tumor. Computed tomography and delayed-phase angiograms were non specific.     

海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤磁共振诊断系统及其相关因素分析

目的：探讨MR对海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤的诊断价值，寻求建立一套海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤的MR诊断系统。方法：选取手术中已经确诊的39例海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤，同期162例非侵袭型垂体瘤做对照，应用计算机分析冠状位MR上肿瘤与海绵窦的关系。包括海绵窦形态的改变、窦内间隙的改变以及肿瘤与颈内动脉海绵窦段的关系等。将相关的各个类型均做为拟诊标准分别计算各自的灵敏度(Se)、特异度(Sp)、阳性预告值(PV )、阴性预告值(PV-)。依据医学统计学原理中的判别分析法进一步系统分析MR图像对于是否海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤的诊断意义。结果：肿瘤包绕颈内动脉≥70％确诊侵袭的意义最大(PV ，100％)，肿瘤超过颈内动脉外侧连线的诊断意义也较高(PV ，86．1％)；如果肿瘤包绕颈内动脉的角度不到20％、肿瘤未超过颈内动脉内侧连线以及海绵窦内侧间隙未出现肿瘤则可以排除海绵窦侵袭的存在。同时应用判别分析法建立了一个海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤及非海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤的统计学判别计量数值表。从而完善了海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤MR图像诊断系统。结论：通过系统分析垂体瘤加RI的表现，能够比较准确的确立海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤的诊断。     

消痔灵联合Nd:YAG激光治疗儿童体表海绵状血管畸形临床观察

目的探讨儿童体表海绵状血管畸形的治疗方法及疗效。方法儿童体表海绵状血管畸形患者78例。先行消痔灵海绵状血管畸形深部注射治疗,待瘤体缩小变薄后再行Nd：YAG激光体表照射治疗。结果所有病例均达到满意效果,随访1～3年,显效72例,占92．3％;有效6例,占7．7％;总有效率100％。结论消痔灵联合Nd：YAG激光治疗儿童体表海绵状血管畸形具有操作简便、组织损伤小、疗效确切、并发症少等优点,为该病治疗提供了新途径。