肾细胞癌271例临床分析

目的 探讨肾细胞癌的诊治方法.方法 1993年1月至2000年12月共收治肾细胞癌患者271例,对诊断方法、治疗手段、随访及预后进行回顾性分析.结果 B超、CT仍为主要的诊断方法.手术治疗234例患者,其中行根治性肾切除术197例(72.6%),保留肾单位手术19例;转移瘤切除术6例;其他手术12例.病理结果:透明细胞癌137例,占61.4%(137/223)、颗粒细胞癌18例(8.1%)、混合细胞癌32例(14.3%)、乳头状腺癌23例(10.3%),其他13例.210例患者(77.5%)获得随访.1、3、5、10年生存率分别为95.3%(182/191)、88.7%(107/122)、74.7%(56/75)和32.1%(10/31).结论 B超是检测肾细胞癌的首选检查方法,CT为最有价值诊断方法.提高肾细胞癌远期生存率最关键的因素是早期发现、早期行肾癌根治术或保留肾单位的肾癌切除术.     

保留肾单位手术治疗肾癌(附46例报告)

目的:探讨保留肾单位手术治疗肾癌的安全性和疗效。方法:对1993年2月～2006年10月共46例采用保留肾单位手术的肾癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中双侧肾癌4例,孤立肾癌3例,对侧肾有病变或潜在功能受损的肾癌25例,对侧肾正常的肾癌14例。结果:46例患者术前均未发现转移灶。术后组织病理学结果示肾透明细胞癌36例,颗粒细胞癌6例,混合性细胞癌4例。术后42例(91%)获随访,随访时间6～160个月,平均随访65个月。5、10年生存率分别为94%、86%。3例术后出现局部复发和远处转移。结论:保留肾单位手术治疗肾癌安全有效,手术指征可扩展至对侧肾脏正常的患者。     

450例肾细胞癌的临床回顾分析

目的:探讨肾细胞癌的临床特征、预后因素及诊治情况。方法:回顾性分析1999年1月-2005年1月期间收治的450例肾细胞癌患者临床特征、诊疗方法和预后情况。结果:450例平均年龄54.2岁。术后病理检查提示透明细胞癌375例,颗粒细胞癌40例,其他类型肾细胞癌35例。临床分期为T1N0M0期267例,T2N0M0期142例,T3期以上(含T3期)41例,其中偶发肾癌263例,有症状肾癌187例。行肾癌根治性切除术372例,保留肾单位手术78例,其中静脉癌栓取出术8例,术后行α-干扰素治疗161例。平均随访时间37个月(4-60个月)。结论:B超、CT是目前早期诊断肾癌的重要手段;早期行根治性肾切除术仍是最有效的治疗方法,保留肾单位的肾部分切除术对局限性小肾癌是一项可供选择的手术方法,尤其适合于对侧并发肾脏疾病的患者;联合生物治疗对肾细胞癌晚期患者有一定效果。     

保留肾单位手术治疗肾癌的临床价值(附11例报告)

目的　评价保留肾单位手术治疗肾细胞癌的临床价值。　方法　 1994年 3月～ 1998年 12月 ,采用局部低温、保留肾单位手术治疗肾细胞癌 11例 ,其中对侧肾正常者 8例 ,单侧肾癌、对侧肾受损者 2例 ,双侧肾癌者 1例。肿瘤直径 1.5～ 6 .8cm ,平均 3.8cm。Roboson分期Ⅰ期 8例 ,Ⅱ期 3例。 8例行肾部分切除术 ,3例行肿瘤剜除术。　结果　 11例随访 3～ 5 7个月 ,平均 36 .8个月。未见并发症及肿瘤局部复发。　结论　保留肾单位手术治疗肾细胞癌安全有效 ,尤其适宜于局限性、体积小和低期肾癌患者。     

肾癌腹腔镜肾部分切除术的研究进展

肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤,约占肾脏肿瘤的85%。手术治疗(包括肾部分切除术或根治性肾切除术等)是目前治疗肾癌的主要手段。RCC保留肾单位手术(nephron-sparing surgery,NSS),即在完全切除肿瘤同时有效地留     

肾癌525例临床分析

目的　探讨肾细胞癌的诊治方法。　方法　对 1 978年 1月至 1 997年 1 2月收治的肾细胞癌 5 2 5例资料进行分析。　结果　诊断以B超、CT为主。行肾癌根治性切除术 40 2例(76 .6 % ) ;其他类型手术 6 4例 ,其中探查术肿瘤无法切除 1 0例。病理结果 :透明细胞癌 32 1例 (70 .4% ) ,颗粒细胞癌 43例 ,混合型癌 77例 (1 7.0 % ) ,其它 1 5例。 40 2例 (76 .6 % )获得随访。 3年、5年和 1 0年生存率分别为 76 .7% (2 0 7/ 2 70 )、6 1 .6 % (1 2 2 / 1 98)和 2 7.2 % (2 5 / 92 )。　结论　早期发现、早期根治性肾癌切除手术仍是提高肾细胞癌生存率的关键。     

肾癌369例临床分析

目的：提高肾细胞癌的诊治水平。方法：对369例肾细胞癌患者的发病、诊治和预后情况进行回顾性分析。结果：透明细胞癌281例（76．2％）,颗粒细胞癌39例（10．6％）,混合细胞癌42例（11．4％）,其它癌7例。行肾癌根治性切除术301例（81．6％）,其它方式手术45例,其中静脉癌栓取出术12例。随访297例,3、5、10年生存率分别为74．6％、56．2％和28．2％。结论：B超和CT是目前诊断肾细胞癌的重要手段,早期行根治性肾癌切除术仍是最有效的治疗方法,联合生物治疗对晚期和姑息性治疗病人有一定效果。     

保留肾单位手术治疗早期肾癌的长期疗效观察

目的：探讨保留肾单位手术治疗早期肾癌的临床应用价值。方法：对采取保留肾单位手术治疗的23例孤立肾或对侧肾功能不全的早期肾癌临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：术后均未发生严重并发症，术后病理均为T1a期，其中透明细胞癌19例，嫌色细胞癌2例，乳头状肾癌1例，囊性肾癌1例。术后平均随访44．7个月，肿瘤复发1例，复发率为4．3％。1年、3年无瘤生存率分别为100％(23／23)、93．8％(15／16)。随访期间未出现肾功能衰竭而需透析治疗者。结论：孤立肾或对侧肾功能不全的早期肾癌，是施行保留肾单位手术的绝对指征，在最大限度保留肾功能的前提下可以获得与根治性肾切除相似的疗效。     

根治性肾切除术治疗小肾癌的远期疗效观察

目的总结根治性肾切除术治疗小肾癌的远期疗效.方法回顾性分析1992年1月至2004年6月采用根治性肾切除术治疗56例小肾癌患者的临床资料和长期随访结果.56例患者中男41例,女15例.平均年龄54岁.设计术后随访表进行追踪随访,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算5年、10年生存率.结果56例患者术前均未发现转移灶.术后组织病理学结果示肾透明细胞癌44例,颗粒细胞癌7例,混合性细胞癌5例;癌组织浸润同侧肾上腺1例,浸润肾周脂肪4例,局部淋巴结转移2例.术后49例（87.5%）获随访,随访时间11～155个月,平均随访71个月.5年、10年生存率分别为81.7%、66.9%.5例术后死于肾癌转移.结论根治性肾切除术治疗小肾癌的远期疗效较好,是治疗小肾癌较理想的术式.     

单中心肾细胞癌患者临床病理特征、手术情况及10年变化趋势分析

目的:分析肾细胞癌患者临床病理特征、手术方式及近10年来变化趋势。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月～2017年12月我院1 498例行手术治疗的肾细胞癌患者的临床资料。结果:1 498例肾癌患者中,男1017例,女481例;平均年龄(55.9±11.73)岁;透明细胞癌1 278例,乳头状肾细胞癌84例,其他类型肾癌共计136例;病理检查发现有坏死117例,肉瘤样变36例,肉瘤样变肾癌患者中位生存时间为14个月,1年生存率63.0%;发现术前发生转移83例,发生静脉瘤栓47例;临床分期Ⅰ期1 257例,Ⅱ期及以上241例;行根治性肾切除术962例,行保留肾单位手术536例。结论:肾癌患者存在城乡分布差异,城镇患者比例高于农村患者;男性患者较女性可能有更高的病理级别。肉瘤样肾癌患者总生存时间及1年生存率明显低于肾癌患者整体水平;肾部分切除术能更好的保护肾功能,腹腔镜手术具有出血少、住院时间短的微创优势,机器人辅助腹腔镜手术与腹腔镜手术在术中出血、住院天数及术后肌酐方面未见明显差异,但手术时间长于腹腔镜手术。近10年来,肾癌患者年龄、性别、病理类型、病理分级各构成比未见明显变化,无症状患者比例逐年降低,行肾部分切除术及腹腔镜、机器人辅助腹腔镜微创手术比例逐年提高。     

小肾癌25例的诊治体会

目的 探讨直径小于4cm的小肾癌的诊治效果。方法 对25例直径小于4cm的小肾癌的诊治进行回顾性总结。结果 25例均行B超、CT检查，B超明确诊断16例，准确率64％(16／25)；CT明确22例，准确率88％(22／25)。16例行根治性肾切除术，9例行保留肾单位手术。随访10-102个月，平均56．6个月。9例行保留肾单位手术中，发生术后出血1例，局部复发1例。结论 小肾癌的诊断主要依据B超、CT等影像学检查综合分析作出，其中CT是最有价值的检查万法。根治性肾切除术治疗小肾癌疗效可靠、安全，仍是首选手术方式。     

The role of nephron sparing surgery for metastatic (pM1) renal cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: Studies have demonstrated increased time to progression when cytoreductive nephrectomy is performed for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We evaluated the role of nephron sparing surgery in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected all patients with pM1 renal cell carcinoma treated with nephron sparing surgery or radical nephrectomy, and all patients with pM0 renal cell carcinoma undergoing nephron sparing surgery for solitary kidney from 1970 to 2002 from the Mayo Clinic Nephrectomy Registry. RESULTS: We identified 16 patients who underwent nephron sparing surgery for pM1 renal cell carcinoma. Solitary kidney was present in 12, 3 had bilateral synchronous disease and 1 had elective nephron sparing surgery. Cancer specific survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 81%, 49% and 49%, respectively. We identified 404 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for pM1 renal cell carcinoma. Cancer specific survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 51%, 21% and 13%, respectively. The pM1 nephron sparing surgery for solitary kidney cases were more likely to have early (33% vs 10%, p = 0.009) or late (50% vs 19%, p = 0.018) complications compared with pM1 radical nephrectomy cases. There were no significant differences in early (p = 0.475) or late (p = 0.350) complications between pM1 nephron sparing surgery cases and 139 pM0 nephron sparing surgery cases. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer specific survival rates in pM1 nephron sparing surgery cases were comparable to pM1 radical nephrectomy cases. Although there were differences in early and late complications between the pM1 nephron sparing surgery and pM1 radical nephrectomy groups, there were no differences when compared with imperative pM0 nephron sparing surgery cases. This study demonstrates that nephron sparing surgery can achieve adequate cytoreductive therapy while preserving renal function, with postoperative complication rates similar to those of pM0 nephron sparing surgery cases.     

肾细胞癌的外科治疗(附148例报告)

目的:探讨肾细胞癌的诊断及手术治疗。方法:对经手术治疗的肾细胞癌148例资料进行回顾性分析。结果:行肾癌根治术144例,姑息性肾切除1例,保肾手术3例。其中透明细胞癌78例,颗粒细胞癌16例,混合型细胞癌51例,乳头状腺癌3例。92例获得随访。1年和3年生存率分别为94.5%和89.1%。结论:影像学检查可获得早期诊断、尽早行肾癌肾切除术是提高肾癌生存率的关键。     

Renal cell carcinoma in the solitary kidney: an analysis of complications and outcome after nephron sparing surgery

PURPOSE: We evaluated surgical techniques, pathological features and extended outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma in a solitary kidney treated with surgical excision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1970 and 1998, 76 patients underwent nephron sparing surgery for sporadic renal cell carcinoma in a solitary kidney, including 63 with tissue specimens available for pathological review who comprised the cohort. Six (9.5%) patients had a congenitally absent kidney and 57 (90.5%) had previously undergone contralateral nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. The clinical and pathological features examined were patient age at nephron sparing surgery, sex, type of nephron sparing surgery (enucleation, partial nephrectomy or ex vivo resection), tumor size, nuclear grade, histological subtype and 1997 tumor stage. Overall cancer specific, local recurrence-free and metastasis-free survival as well as early (within 30 days of nephron sparing surgery) and late (30 days to 1 year after nephron sparing surgery) complications were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to test for the associations of clinical and pathological features with outcome. RESULTS: Most patients were treated with enucleation (36.5%), standard partial nephrectomy (38.1%) or the 2 procedures (11.1%) and in 8 (12.7%) ex vivo tumor resection was done. The renal cell carcinoma histological subtypes were clear cell in 82.5% of cases, papillary in 15.9% and chromophobe in 1.6%. Grade was 1 to 3 in 10 (15.9%), 42 (66.7%) and 10 (15.9%) tumors, respectively. At 5 and 10 years the overall survival rate was 74.7% and 45.8%, the cancer specific survival rate was 80.7% and 63.7%, the local recurrence-free survival rate was 89.2% and 80.3%, and the metastasis-free survival rate was 69% and 50.4%, respectively. Tumor stage and nuclear grade were significantly associated with death from any cause, death from renal cell carcinoma and distant metastases on multivariate analysis. Notably no patient with papillary or chromophobe renal cell carcinoma died of renal cell carcinoma, or had recurrence or metastasis. The type of nephron sparing surgery was not significantly associated with outcome, although there were too few patients with recurrence to assess the association of the type of nephron sparing surgery with local recurrence. The most common early complication was acute renal failure in 12.7% of cases, while the most common late complications were proteinuria in 15.9% and renal insufficiency in 12.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The 1997 tumor stage and nuclear grade were significant predictors of death from any cause, death from renal cell carcinoma and distant metastases in patients treated with nephron sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma involving a solitary kidney. Nephron sparing surgery in a solitary kidney can be performed safely and with minimal morbidity.     

小肾癌54例诊治分析

目的 提高小肾癌的诊断水平和治疗效果。方法 对54例直径小于3cm的小肾癌的诊断与治疗进行回顾性分析。结果 54例中因体检或其他疾病检查时发现者37例（68．5％）；腰痛9例（16．7％）；血尿5例（0．9％）；腰痛伴血尿3例。行根治性肾切除术43例．行保留肾单位手术11例。术后均经病理证实。术中快速冰冻切片证实5例。结论 小肾癌多为偶然发现。其早期诊断主要依靠B超、CT、MRI和DSA等影像学检查；手术视具体情况行根治性肾切除术或保留肾单位手术；小肾癌病理分期低。肿瘤体积小．预后较好，生存率高。     

肾盂鳞状细胞癌的诊断与治疗(附16例报告)

目的：探讨肾盂鳞状细胞癌的术前诊断及治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析16例肾盂鳞状细胞癌患者的诊断和治疗等临床资料。所有患者术前均行IVU检查，13例行B超检查，4例行CT和MRI检查；11例行根治性肾切除加局部淋巴结清扫术。结果：行IVU检查者仅提示4例有占位性变病，13例行B超检查者仅显示2例有占位性病变，4例行CT或MRI检查者均提示有肿瘤改变。近50％的患者术后1年内死亡。结论：术前诊断肾盂鳞状细胞癌的敏感方法为CT和MRI，其治疗方法首选根治性肾切除术，但预后差。