安氟醚异氟醚交感兴奋作用的临床观察

目的 :观察安氟醚异氟醚临床上是否有交感兴奋作用并比较其强弱。方法 :30例病人随机分为两组 ,安氟醚组和异氟醚组。安氟醚组麻醉诱导平稳后吸入安氟醚使呼出气浓度维持 0 5最低肺泡有效浓度 (MAC) 5min ,然后将呼出气浓度加大到 1MAC维持 5min ,异氟醚组方法及吸入浓度与安氟醚相同。两组在吸入麻醉药后观察平均动脉压 (MAP)和HR。结果 :浓度在 0 5MAC时异氟醚组的MAP和HR明显高于安氟醚组 (P <0 0 1) ,而安氟醚组较麻醉前无明显变化。在 1MAC时异氟醚组 1～ 3minMAC和HR明显高于安氟醚组及麻醉前 (P <0 0 1)。安氟醚组 1MAC时 1～ 4minMAP低于麻醉前 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而HR较麻醉前快。结论 :异氟醚有较明显的交感兴奋作用 ,临床上应引起重视。安氟醚没有明显的交感兴奋作用。     

七氟醚和异氟醚吸入麻醉对支气管黏液纤毛运输功能的影响

[摘要] 目的 观察比较七氟醚和异氟醚吸入麻醉对支气管黏液纤毛运输速度的影响。方法 选择90例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期腹部手术患者,随机分为3组：全凭静脉麻醉组(TIVA组)、七氟醚组(Sevo组)和异氟醚组(Iso组),每组30例。TIVA组使用静脉麻醉,Sevo组使用3MAC七氟醚吸入维持麻醉,Iso组使用2 MAC异氟醚吸入维持麻醉。通过微细导管注射亚甲蓝作为标记物,在纤维支气管镜直视下,观察3组患者在气管插管当时和吸入麻醉剂维持后20、40、60 min各时间点亚甲蓝的移动距离,计算支气管黏液纤毛运输速率(MTR)。结果 TIVA组术中与麻醉前MTR值相比较未见明显变化(P>0.05),七氟醚组于吸入麻醉20、40、60 min后的MTR值较吸入前分别下降13.7%、19%、30%(P<0.05);异氟醚组吸入麻醉20、40、60 min后的MTR值较吸入前分别下降13.6%、24%、34.4%(P<0.05)。异氟醚吸入后MTR值下降程度比七氟醚组更为显著(P<0.05)。结论 七氟醚和异氟醚均可抑制支气管黏液纤毛运输功能,异氟醚吸入后MTR值下降程度比七氟醚更为显著。     

地氟醚与异氟醚,安氟醚应用于腹部手术麻醉的比较

地氟醚是新型卤族类吸入麻醉药,麻醉诱导快,恢复迅速,对机体循环功能影响小。我院自1998年开始应用,取得良好效果,本文对地氟醚、异氟醚和安氟醚应用于腹部外科手术麻醉的情况作了比较,报道如下。 临床资料 1.病例选择:ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期腹部手术患者75例,年龄30～52岁,体重55～73kg。随机分成地氟醚(D)组、异氟醚(Ⅰ)组和安氟醚(E)组,每组各25例。     

脑电双频指数(BIS)指导七氟醚用于颅内手术麻醉

目的 该文拟探讨脑电双频指数(bispectral index,BIS)指导七氟醚麻醉在颅内手术的可行性.方法 选用40例18～60岁,ASA Ⅰ、Ⅱ级择期行颅内肿瘤摘除术的患者,随机分为指导组(BIS组)和对照组,每组20例.对照组根据同一麻醉医生的临床经验来调整七氟醚的吸入浓度,指导组则通过BIS维持在(55±5)左右来调定七氟醚浓度,记录麻醉期间血压、心率以及BIS的变化,并测量记录2组患者七氟醚的用量.结果 指导组平均动脉压明显高于对照组,但对照组平均动脉压及心率波动幅度较大,指导组的BIS值明显高于对照组,但麻醉过程相对平稳,七氟醚以及镇痛药的用量指导组也明显少于对照组.结论 BIS可为七氟醚用于颅内手术麻醉镇静深度提供量化指标.     

七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的效果比较

目的探讨七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）中的效果比较。方法选择80例LC手术患者,分为七氟醚组与异氟醚组,两组患者均在麻醉诱导后行气管插管、机械通气。七氟醚组麻醉维持采用吸入七氟醚,异氟醚组麻醉维持采用吸入异氟醚。结果两组患者麻醉前MAP、HR比较无明显统计学差异（P〉0．05）,气腹后5min、苏醒时异氟醚组患者MAP、HR与麻醉前比较明显上升且高于相应时间点的七氟醚组（P〈0．05）。七氟醚组术后睁眼时间、拔出气管插管时间和Aldrete评分达到9分时间均少于异氟醚组。且七氟醚组术后苏醒期躁动发生率明显少于异氟醚组（χ^2=5．00,P〈0．05）。两组患者的术后4hMMSE评分与麻醉前比较均明显下降（P〈0．05）,且异氟醚组下降的幅度与七氟醚组比较更显著（P〈0．05）,术后12h两组患者MMSE评分均恢复至麻醉前水平。结论LC手术采用吸入七氟醚麻醉较吸入异氟醚麻醉具有麻醉恢复时间短、麻醉恢复质量好、术后苏醒期躁动发生少、减轻LC手术应激反应的特点,对术后认知功能的影响较小。尤其适合老年手术患者的麻醉。     

地氟醚和异氟醚麻醉对神经外科患者血液动力学及心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的影响

目的　研究地氟醚和异氟醚麻醉对神经外科手术患者血液动力学及心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ (cTnⅠ )的影响。方法　选择神经外科手术患者 30例 ,随机分为对照组、地氟醚组和异氟醚组 ,每组各 10例。芬太尼、咪唑安定、异丙酚、维库溴铵麻醉下气管插管。Ⅰ组不给吸入麻醉药 ,Ⅱ组吸入地氟醚 ,Ⅲ组吸入异氟醚 ,记录麻醉前、麻醉后 30min、6 0min、90min、12 0min、术毕的SBp、DBp、HR、SPO2 、PETCO2 、ETAC。麻醉前、术毕、术后 2 4h抽静脉血 2ml检测cTnI。结果　患者麻醉后SBp、DBp均有下降 ,但差异无显著性。SPO2 、PETCO2 麻醉前后在正常值范围。术毕、术后 2 4hcTnⅠ比麻醉前升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但组间比较均差异无显著性。结论　地氟醚与异氟醚麻醉对血液动力学有一定影响 ,对cTnⅠ无明显影响 ,地氟醚与异氟醚麻醉对神经外科手术患者的血液动力学及cTnⅠ的影响相似。     

地氟醚、七氟醚、异氟醚和安氟醚药代动力学特征的比较研究

目的比较地氟醚、七氟醚、异氟醚、安氟醚在平衡麻醉中的药代动力学特征。方法选择妇科手术患者４０例,随机分为地氟醚（Ｄ）组,七氟醚（Ｓ）组,异氟醚（Ｉ）组及安氟醚（Ｅ）组,每组１０例。麻醉诱导、气管插管后,各组均先给予等效的设定浓度,即Ｄ组６％、Ｓ组２％、Ⅰ组１２％、Ｅ组１７％。同时吸入１∶２的Ｏ２和Ｎ２Ｏ,经静脉持续输入芬太尼和间断追加肌肉松弛药泮库溴铵维持麻醉。术中连续监测吸入麻醉药的肺泡浓度及吸入浓度,并维持肺泡浓度衡定在１ｍｏｌ／ＬＡＣ,即Ｄ组３％,Ｓ组０７％,Ⅰ组０５％,Ｅ组０６％。结果吸入麻醉后,肺泡浓度∶吸入浓度＝１／２及肺泡浓度达到１ｍｏｌ／ＬＡＣ值时间在Ｄ组及Ｓ组均明显快于Ⅰ组及Ｅ组。肺泡浓度∶吸入浓度及肺泡浓度∶设定浓度比值的升高速度在Ｄ组和Ｓ组均明显快于Ⅰ组和Ｅ组。终止麻醉后,Ｄ组肺泡浓度达到肺泡原始浓度５０％的时间明显快于其它吸入麻醉药。结论地氟醚吸入及呼出均较快,易于调控麻醉深度     

不同浓度异氟醚长时间吸入致妊娠中期胎鼠大脑异常凋亡

目的:模拟妊娠中期妇女非产科手术的临床麻醉,对妊娠第14天母鼠进行长时间吸入异氟醚麻醉,观察不同浓度的异氟醚对其胎鼠大脑的影响。方法:选取50只SD雌性大鼠,定时受孕至妊娠第14天,随机分为5组:Iso1.0组、Iso1.5组、Iso2.0组,Oxy组和Control组,每组10只。各组母鼠分别吸入不同浓度异氟醚及100%氧气混合气体4 h,Control组不作任何处置。吸入气体结束4 h后行剖宫取胎术。每只母鼠随机选择2只胎鼠,取其大脑组织切片。TUNEL法检测胎鼠神经细胞凋亡量,计算凋亡细胞数与总细胞数的比率。结果:各组胎鼠大脑凋亡细胞比率存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。与Control组比较,吸入异氟醚的各组,即Iso1.0组、Iso1.5组和Iso2.0组,凋亡细胞比率均呈升高(P<0.05);Oxy组与Control组相似(P>0.05)。Iso1.5组与Iso2.0组相似(P>0.05);Iso1.0组显著低于Iso1.5组及Iso2.0组(P<0.05)。结论:妊娠第14天母鼠持续吸入异氟醚4 h可致胎鼠大脑神经元凋亡显著增加;异氟醚致胎鼠大脑神经元凋亡增加可能存在剂量依赖性。     

安氟醚、异氟醚和七氟醚对大鼠脑缺氧缺糖损伤的保护作用

目的探讨安氟醚、异氟醚和七氟醚对大鼠皮层脑片缺氧缺糖损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法大鼠皮层脑片随机分为四组:对照组、损伤组(缺氧缺糖损伤10 min)、吸入麻醉药+损伤组、印防己毒碱(GABAA受体拮抗剂)+吸入麻醉药+损伤组.通过脑片病理切片、HE染色和TTC 染色、定量比色测定吸光度A值,观察脑片缺氧缺糖损伤程度.结果1.0 MAC安氟醚、异氟醚和七氟醚处理30 min后,皮层脑片神经细胞的病理损伤较损伤组明显减轻.1.0 MAC和2.0 MAC的安氟醚、异氟醚和七氟醚明显提高损伤所致脑片的低A值(P<0.01).50 μmol/L的印防己毒碱完全抑制了2.0 MAC安氟醚的作用(P<0.01),部分抑制了2.0 MAC异氟醚的作用(P<0.01),但不影响2.0 MAC七氟醚的效果 (P>0.05).结论1.0 MAC和2.0 MAC的安氟醚、异氟醚和七氟醚对大鼠皮层脑片缺氧缺糖损伤均有一定的保护作用;GABAA受体参与了安氟醚和异氟醚的脑缺血保护作用.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的比较

目的比较腹腔镜胆囊切除（LC）手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的情况。方法将40例ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级择期行LC术患者随机分为2组,七氟醚组（A组20例）及异氟醚组（B组20例）。麻醉诱导后行气管插管,机械通气。诱导后吸入纯氧,氧流量2 L/min。麻醉维持：吸入七氟醚或异氟醚。维持血压和心率波动幅度不超过基础值30%。胆囊取出后停止吸入七氟醚或异氧醚,纯氧流量调整为8 L/min。记录睁眼时间（停止吸入麻醉药到睁眼的时间）、记录拨除气管导管时间（停止吸入麻醉药到拨除气管导管时间）、记录麻醉后恢复期评分达到9分时间（从停止吸入麻醉药计时）。结果与B组比较,A组睁眼时间、拨除气管导管时间、麻醉后恢得期评分达9分时间都较B组短。结论在LC手术中,与异氟醚比较,吸入七氟醚患者麻醉恢复较快,且麻醉恢复质量较好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.