冠状动脉腔内心电图与核素心肌显像识别存活心肌的对照研究

目的 　 对照研究冠状动脉腔内心电图 (intracoronaryelectrocardiogram ,IC ECG)与核素心肌显像在识别存活心肌中的准确性及实用性 ,观察IC ECG是否较核素心肌显像具有准确率高、简便易行等优点 ,并从心电学角度为临床判断存活心肌提供一个新的指标。　方法　 4 2例心肌梗死患者 (梗死后 2周～ 3个月 ) ,采用经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)支架术前静脉滴注小剂量多巴酚丁胺 (3μg·kg- 1 ·min- 1 )时合用舌下含服硝酸甘油 (0 5mg) 99mTc MIBI心肌显像 ,与术后 3周静息99mTc MIBI心肌显像的对照观察多巴酚丁胺与硝酸酯合用预测存活心肌的准确度及安全性。所有患者于PTCA支架术中同步记录IC -ECG及体表心电图 ,观察、测算J点后 4 0ms处ST段改变。根据IC ECG的ST段改变将患者分为 2组 ,A组 :IC ECG在术中ST段抬高 >0 2mV ;B组 :IC ECG在术中ST段抬高 <0 2mV。以术后 3周时静息99mTc MIBI心肌显像识别存活心肌者为阳性对照 ,观察IC ECG的ST段改变是否能够预测存活心肌。　结果　PTCA支架术前静息99mTc MIBI心肌灌注显像共有 16 4个节段心肌摄取异常。药物介入99mTc MIBI心肌灌注显像及PTCA支架术后 3周静息99mTc MIBI心肌灌注显像放射性分布异常节段心肌血流灌注改善。以PTCA支架术后 3周为标准 ,药物     

冠状动脉内心电图对急性心肌梗死患者近期预后的预测价值

目的分析冠状动脉内心电图(IC-ECG)对急性心肌梗死患者近期预后的预测价值。方法选择2012年5月~2013年1月于宣武医院诊治的首次发病的急性心肌梗死患者29例,其中男性22例,女性7例,平均年龄(54.8±12.8)岁。IC-ECG抬高的ST段回落50%的时间小于40 s,归入A组(21例);大于40 s,归入B组(8例)。所有患者均行冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)。检测梗死后1周左室射血分数(LVEF)。PCI后行99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像,24 h后再行硝酸甘油介入心肌灌注显像,比较两组缺损面积像素值及缺损区域放射性计数百分比。记录术后4周梗死后心绞痛、室性心律失常、充血性心力衰竭、死亡等发生情况。结果梗死后1周,A组LVEF值为(56.7±6.6)%,B组为(48.8±5.9)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组静息时放射性缺损面积像素值为(220±43.4),B组为(241±48.6);硝酸甘油介入后A组缺损面积像素值较B组明显减少,(104.8±31.6)vs.(209±33),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。静息时A组缺损区域放射性计数百分比为(24.2±7.1)%,B组为(20.4±6.5)%。硝酸甘油介入后A组病变区域放射性计数百分比明显高于B组,(29.9±5.7)%vs.(23.2±5.5)%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后4周,A组发生梗死后心绞痛4例(19.0%),室性心律失常4例(19.0%),充血性心力衰竭2例(9.5%);B组发生梗死后心绞痛1例(12.5%),室性心律失常1例(12.5%),充血性心力衰竭3例(37.5%)。两组均无死亡发生。B组充血性心力衰竭发生率高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉内心电图ST段回落时间短,近期预后较好。     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌灌注水平对心肌存活性的影响

目的:应用TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMP)分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌灌注状况对心肌存活性的影响。方法:所有使梗死相关动脉(IRA)达到TIMI3级血流的AMI患者,根据PCI后即刻冠状动脉造影的TMP分级评价的心肌灌注状况,分为A组(TMP为2～3级,57例),B组(TMP为0～1级,31例)。运用静息及含服硝酸甘油介入99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像(MPI)来评价2组的存活心肌并于12周再次行静息99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像(MPI)评价存活心肌的恢复情况。结果:术后1周心肌存活面积A组高于B组[(5.43±4.89):(4.12±4.15),P<0.05],术后12周A组心肌缺损面积改善程度较B组明显[A组由(26.54±12.71)降至(17.86±11.59),P<0.05),B组由(39.37±16.31)降至(37.19±10.79),P>0.05]。结论:AMI患者行PCI术后心肌组织灌注TMP分级2～3级,可提高存活心肌的数量,心肌恢复较快。     

选择性冠状动脉99mTc-MIBI介入心肌灌注显像评价心肌梗死后存活心肌的实验研究

目的 探讨选择性冠状动脉99mTc-MIBI介入心肌灌注显像检测心肌梗死后存活心肌的价值。方法 以犬的实验性心肌梗死模型为研究对象,采用自身对照方法,先后行99mTc-MIBI静息心肌灌注显像、硝酸甘油(NTG)静滴99mTc-MIBI。心肌灌注显像和选择性冠状动脉99mTc-MIBI介入心肌灌注显像,采用四点计分法对各节段核素分布进行半定量评价。结果 与NTG静息心肌灌注显像比较,选择性冠状动脉99mTc-MIBI介入心肌灌注显像对心肌梗死后存活心肌有更高的检出率[(5.1±1.5)vs(6.3±1.4)分,P<0.05]。结论 选择性冠状动脉99mTc-MIBI介入心肌灌注显像诊断存活心肌,具有准确、快速、可与冠状动脉造影同步的优点,具有实用价值。     

硝酸甘油99mTc-甲氧基异丁基异晴心肌灌注显像技术对冠心病诊断及其估测心肌存活性的价值

目的评价硝酸甘油99mTc-甲氧基异丁基异晴(MIBI)心肌灌注显像技术对冠心病的诊断及其估测心肌存活性的价值。方法48例可疑冠心病患者,于冠状动脉造影(CAG)术前1周内行静息、硝酸甘油介入99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注显像(SPECT)检查,以CAG为金标准,观察SPECT诊断冠心病的准确性。对于25例成功行经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)的冠心病患者,以PCI术后3个月室壁运动改善为检验标准,评价SPECT检测存活心肌的应用价值。结果SPECT诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为86.7%、72.2%和81.3%,评价存活心肌的敏感性为91.8%,准确性为84.9%。结论硝酸甘油99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注显像技术在诊断冠心病及其估测心肌存活性方面有较高的临床应用价值。     

冠脉内心电图对经皮腔内冠脉成形术监测心肌缺血的评价

本文报道33例41支血管经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)术中同步监测冠状动脉内心电图(IC-ECG)和体表心电图(S-ECG)的变化.结果提示IC-ECG在球囊充盈时ST段变化发生率高于S-ECG,其抬高幅度亦大于后者且先于后者出现.IC-ECG能灵敏反映PTCA术中心肌缺血的情况,且操作简便.有助于指导PTCA的顺利进行.     

二硝酸异山梨酯介入99mTc-MIBI心肌显像对梗死后存活心肌的判定及比较

目的:评价二硝酸异山梨酯(Isoket)介入99mTc-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)心肌断层显像检测心肌梗死后存活心肌的价值,并观察99mTc-MIBI心肌显像评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)与陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)存活心肌的差异.方法:对16例OMI患者和12例AMI患者,分别进行静息99mTc-MIBI显像和Isoket静脉介入后99mTc-MIBI心肌断层显像.结果:静息99mTc-MIBI显像出现灌注异常185个节段,根据心肌放射性分布情况打分,平均得分为15.1±3.8,Isoket介入99mTc-MIBI显像后出现灌注异常节段为160个,平均得分为10.8±1.6,两者比较差别有显著性(P＜0.01).静息99mTc-MIBI显像出现的185个灌注异常的节段中16例OMI占102个,12例AMI占83个;Isoket介入后87个得到不同程度改善的节段中OMI占40个,AMI占47个,两者比较,P＜0.05.结论:Isoket介入99mTc-MIBI显像与静息99mTc-MIBI显像比较可明显提高对存活心肌检测的灵敏度,并对AMI存活心肌的检出率要明显高于OMI.     

硝酸甘油介入SPECT估测冠心病存活心肌

为探讨硝酸甘油（NTG）介入SPECT在估测冠心病存活心肌方面的价值。对42例冠心病患者行静息及NTG介入SPECT心肌显像，采用阅片计分法估测存活心肌，并以其中19例接受经皮冠状动脉内球囊成形术（PTCA）＋冠状动脉内支架植入术（Stent）的冠心病患者术后静息显像结果为“金标准”，评价NTG介入SPECT显像对存活心肌的检测效果。结果显示，静息显像检测存活心肌为56.3%，NTG介入显像为69.9%（P＜0.001）。NTG介入显像阅片计分法估测存活心肌准确率为81％，提示NTG介入SPECT显像可提高存活心肌检出率，为Stent治疗提供客观依据。     

药物负荷心肌灌注显像评价心脏X综合征的应用研究

目的:对比双嘧达莫负荷心肌铊-201(201Tl)单光子发射计算机断层摄影(SPECT)和多巴酚丁胺负荷心肌99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99mTc-MIBI) SPECT显像在辅助诊断心脏X综合征中的应用. 方法:将74例心脏X综合征患者按不同的负荷药物分成A、B两组,其中A组行双嘧达莫负荷心肌201Tl SPECT显像,B组行多巴酚丁胺负荷心肌99mTc-MIBI SPECT显像.原始图像经三维重建后由2位以上有经验的核医学科医师进行分析.两组阳性率之间的比较采用卡方检验. 结果:A组53例患者负荷显像均正常,静息显像有45例出现“反向再分布”,其余8例静息显像正常,阳性率为84.91％(45/53).B组21例患者有3例出现可逆性缺损,其余18例负荷和静息显像均正常,阳性率为14.29％ (3/21).两组阳性率比较有统计学差异(x2=29.89,P＜0.001).结论:双嘧达莫负荷心肌201T1 SPECT显像的“反向再分布”现象对心脏X综合征具有一定的诊断价值.     

QRS波群形态对急性心肌梗死患者心功能和预后的影响

目的通过对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者入院时心电图QRS波群变化进行缺血分级,探讨缺血分级的临床意义。方法 223例STEMI患者根据入院时心电图QRS波群变化进行缺血分级:2级缺血组(134例):ST段抬高但QRS波终末部无改变;3级缺血组(89例):除ST段抬高外,QRS波终末部扭曲且常伴R波增高与S波消失。两组患者在发病12h内均行溶栓治疗,观察心电图ST段变化;梗死后2w行99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99mTc-MIBI)心肌灌注断层显像(SPECT)和99m锝-红细胞(99mTc-RBC)心血池显像,测定心肌梗死面积和心功能;统计2组患者住院期间并发症的发生率。结果入院时和溶栓后2h,3级缺血组ST段抬高的幅度(∑ST)均显著大于2级缺血组(P0.01),溶栓后2h,ST段回降率显著低于2级缺血组(P0.01);3级缺血组肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值显著高于2级缺血组(P0.01),心肌梗死面积大于2级缺血组(P0.05),左室射血分数低于2级缺血组(P0.05);两组患者严重心律失常、心力衰竭或心源性休克、再梗死的发生率和住院病死率均无显著性差异,但3级缺血组有高于2级缺血组的趋势。结论入院时心电图呈3级缺血的急性STEMI患者溶栓后易于出现ST段回降不良,导致心肌梗死面积大,心功能和预后差,需要采取更加积极的治疗措施。     

Intracoronary electrocardiogram for early detection of myocardial viability during coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction.

PURPOSE: The clinical value of the intracoronary electrocardiogram (ECG) for detecting myocardial viability in acute myocardial infarction was evaluated by thallium-201 scintigraphy and left ventriculogram at the chronic stage. METHODS: Intracoronary ECGs, recorded from the tip of a guidewire during emergency coronary angioplasty, were obtained in 65 patients with reperfused anterior myocardial infarction. Further ST segment elevation of greater than 0.2 mV detected during the balloon inflation was taken as significant. The left ventricular segmental shortening was measured from left ventriculograms recorded at acute and chronic stages. The infarct area was defined as viable when a thallium uptake of more than 50% was detected on thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy at the chronic stage. RESULTS: During emergency coronary angioplasty, significant ST segment elevation was noted in 45 patients (Group A); however, the ST segment was not significantly elevated in the other 20 patients (Group B). The infarct area of 42 patients in Group A and three patients in Group B was viable on scintigraphy. Improvement left ventricular wall motion of the infarct area was observed in 39 of the 42 patients in Group A and the three patients in Group B. Therefore, intracoronary ECG can predict reversible dysfunction with excellent sensitivity (92.9%) and specificity (73.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The myocardium within an infarct area can be regarded as viable when a further ST segment elevation occurs on intracoronary ECG during emergency coronary angioplasty. It is useful, therefore, to monitor the intracoronary ECG during coronary angioplasty balloon inflation to assess the myocardial viability of the infarct area.     

Value of the intracoronary electrocardiogram to monitor myocardial ischemia during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

To enhance detection of ischemia during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), unipolar intracoronary electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded during PTCA in 25 patients from the tips of guidewires positioned distal to stenoses being dilated. Surface electrocardiographic leads chosen to reflect likely areas of reversible ischemia during PTCA were recorded simultaneously. In 21 of 29 stenoses dilated (72%), ST segment elevation and/or T wave peaking in intracoronary ECG appeared during balloon inflation and disappeared after deflation, accompanied by transient angina on 19 occasions. Two patients had transient ST segment elevation in intracoronary ECGs during PTCA without associated angina. ST changes in the surface ECG during PTCA were seen on only nine occasions (31%), always accompanied by ST segment elevation in the intracoronary ECG that appeared earlier and was of much greater magnitude. Five patients with prior myocardial infarction and aneurysm formation had fixed ST segment elevation in the intracoronary ECG unrelated to balloon inflation. Myocardial ischemia during PTCA can be detected easily with intracoronary ECGs and with greater sensitivity than that of the surface ECG. Furthermore, intracoronary ECGs may help to clarify the nature of chest pain during balloon inflation or during suspected complications.     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术中冠状动脉内心电图的应用研究

目的　探讨冠状动脉内心电图（ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ）在经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）术中的应用。方法对４４例冠心病病人的５１支冠状动脉行ＰＴＣＡ时记录ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ和体表ＥＣＧ,分析心绞痛组、心肌梗塞溶栓再通组、溶栓未通组ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ的缺血性心电图改变情况,并与体表监护导联ＥＣＧ相比较。结果９６．１％的血管行球囊扩张时ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ有缺血性改变;心绞痛组、心肌梗塞溶栓再通组及溶栓未通组的ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ的ＳＴ段上移程度有明显差别。结论ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ比体表ＥＣＧ在反映心肌缺血方面更敏感,ＰＴ－ＣＡ时ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ的ＳＴ段变化能一定程度地反映残余心肌的成活情况。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术缺血预适应对QT离散度的影响

记录７０例冠心病人经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术时体表和冠脉内心电图发现，随球囊充盈次数增加，ＳＴ段抬高幅度减低，心绞痛出现时间延长，最大ＱＴ间期缩短及ＱＴ离散度和ＪＴ离散度减低，提示ＰＴＣＡ时多次短暂心肌缺血可能由于缺血预适应而诱发心肌内在抗心律失常保护作用。     

Antiischemic effect of intracoronary diltiazem on myocardial ischemia during PTCA

Summary To evaluate the effect of intracoronary diltiazem on myocardial ischemia during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), 38 patients were randomly assigned to receive inactive placebo (n = 19; group C) or a low dose (1 mg,n = 10; group D1), or a high dose (2 or 3mg,n = 9; group D2) of diltiazem in a double-blind manner. The agent was administered directly into the coronary artery via a balloon catheter following a control balloon inflation. Chest pain score (maximum, 10) and the magnitude of ischemic ST elevation on standard and intracoronary electrocardiograms (ECGs) during a balloon inflation were assessed in the control and posttreatment periods. After the administration of diltiazem, the chest pain score was significantly decreased in group D1 (control: 5.1 ± 3.6, posttreatment: 3.8 ± 3.1,P < 0.01) and group D2 (3.4 ± 2.5 vs 2.5 ± 2.0,P < 0.01), but not in group C (4.1 ± 3.1 vs 3.7 ± 3.3, difference not significant). The magnitude of ST elevation relative to the control on standard and intracoronary ECGs was significantly smaller in groups D1 and D2 than in group C (standard ECG; D1: 51.8 ± 10.6% of control, D2: 41.6 ± 28.7% vs C: 93.3 ± 15.6% and intracoronary ECG; D1: 47.1 ± 11.7% of control, D2: 27.5 ± 26.9% vs C: 94.6 ± 29.3%, allP < 0.01). Although systolic blood pressure decreased slightly in groups D1 and D2, there was no significant correlation between the change in ST elevation and the change in the rate-pressure product. Pretreatment with a small dose of intracoronary diltiazem attenuated myocardial ischemia during PTCA and this pretreatment may enable us to perform balloon inflation for a longer period.     

Optimal ECG monitoring during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of the left anterior descending artery

During percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) frontal ECG leads are routinely monitored. The detection of ST segment deviation during the procedure is important for decisions regarding guiding catheter seating and the timing of balloon inflation and deflation. ST segment deviation appears on intracoronary electrograms in the absence of changes on the surface ECG in many patients, while the reverse is true in some individuals. When a precordial lead is employed, V5 or V6 is most commonly selected. The surface ECG leads most sensitive for monitoring ischemia during left anterior descending angioplasty are not known. In nine lead surface ECGs recorded during balloon inflation, a small degree of ST segment elevation occurred in leads I, aVL, and V5. Lead V2 demonstrated an increase in ST displacement from 0.0 ± 0.03 mV to 0.29 ± 0.25 mV during coronary occlusion (p<0.01). We conclude that if V5 or V6 is used as a single precordial lead, surface ECG alterations are easily overlooked. During left anterior descending occlusion the most sensitive surface lead is V2. Optimal ECG monitoring during PTCA in some cases should involve surface lead V2 or the intracoronary lead.     

QT interval shortening and ST elevation in intracoronary ECG during PTCA.

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) can provide a unique model of transient and reversible myocardial ischemia. The aim of this study was to assess the serial changes in QT interval during elective PTCA-induced transient ischemia. The serial changes in QT interval before, during, and after PTCA of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) were measured in patients who showed ST elevation in intracoronary electrocardiogram. Twelve consecutive patients who showed ST-segment elevation during PTCA-induced ischemia anterior precordial leads of the electrocardiogram (ECG) were enrolled in the present study. Target lesions for PTCA were all in the LAD. There were six patients with angina pectoris, two with non-Q-wave infarction, and four with Q-wave myocardial infarction. During balloon inflation, QTc interval shortened in both intracoronary ECG (ic-ECG) (0.472 +/- 0.013 vs 0.436 +/- 0.014) and surface ECG (0.462 +/- 0.012 vs 0.438 +/- 0.011). However, a significant shortening of the QT interval was more rapidly observed in the ic-ECG (20 s) than in the surface ECG (40 s). We conclude that the QT interval in both ic-ECG and surface ECG becomes shortened in PTCA-induced myocardial ischemia, and that the ic-ECG might be a good probe for detecting survived viable myocardium in the infarcted zone.     

冠状动脉内心电图对冠状动脉腔内球囊扩张时缺血预适应的评价

通过对15例经皮冠状动脉（简称冠脉）腔内球囊成形术（PTCA）患者的冠脉内心电图（IC－ECG）与体表心电图（S－ECG）的对比分析，评价PTCA时的心肌缺血预适应。IC－ECG、S－ECG显示：①球囊第1次扩张时ST段分别上抬21．1±15.3和3．3±1．9mm；第2次扩张时上抬13．1±9．6和2．3±1．2mm；第3次扩张时上抬7．7±7．2和1．9±1．2mm；第4次扩张时上抬4．5±3.9和1．4±0．8mm。每次球囊扩张时IC－ECG与S－ECG上ST段抬高幅值比较差异非常显著（P＜0.005～0．001）。②IC－ECG及S－ECG所示ST段随扩张次数增加呈递减性抬高，第1次扩张分别与第2，3，4次比较P分别＜0.05、＜0．01、＜0．001。结果表明：在PTCA时出现的胸痛逐渐减轻及递减性心肌缺血与心肌缺血预适应有关；与S－ECG比较，IC－ECG更能准确、直观反映球囊扩张时的缺血变化，对评价PTCA时心肌缺血预适应现象有较好的临床应用价值。     

硝酸甘油介入~(99m)锝─甲氧基异丁基异腈心肌灌注显像识别存活心肌及对急性心肌梗塞血运重建术疗效评价

目的：探讨硝酸甘油（ＮＴＧ）介入９９ｍ锝—甲氧基异丁基异腈（９９ｍＴＣ－ＭＩＢＩ）心肌灌注显像评价存活心肌、指导经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）,把握适应证及判定ＰＴＣＡ疗效的应用价值。 方法：对２３例行ＰＴＣＡ的急性心肌梗塞患者进行术前静息９９ｍＴＣ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注显像、ＮＴＧ介入９９ｍＴＣ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注显像和术后１周、２个月静息９９ｍＴＣ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注显像,采用４点积分法半定量分析９９ｍＴＣ－ＭＩＢＩ的摄取。根据放射性异常程度不同将受累心肌节段分为心肌存活节段,部分心肌存活节段、心肌无存活节段。 结果：ＮＴＧ介入９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注显像评价存活心肌的阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度,它们分别为８５．０％、８８．５％和８４．９％。ＰＴＣＡ后心肌存活节段和部分心肌存活节段放射性异常积分明显降低,心肌无存活节段未见显著变化。 结论：ＮＴＧ介入９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注显像能显著提高存活心肌的检出率,对急性心肌梗塞血运重建术的疗效判定及指导临床适应证的选择具有较高的应用价值。