Psychological Consultation to a Pediatric Oncology Unit: Obstacles to Effective Intervention

Obstacles to effective psychological intervention on an oncologyservice with hospitalized children are viewed from the perspectivesof the staff, the family, and the child. These obstacles stemfrom failure to recognize the process of the generation of aconsultation, from the divergent expectations of the partiesinvolved, and from the differences between the process of psychologicalconsultation and the usual medical model. Specific case materialis presented to illustrate key points.     

当代中国心理咨询的误区

本文在充分肯定近十几年来我国心理咨询事业突飞猛进发展形势的基础上,全面剖析了当今在心理咨询实践中存在的心理测验化、心理知识化、思想政治化、生物医学化、感情色彩化、包办代替化、非专业化和固定模式化8个主要误区的表现与危害,从而为心理咨询工作者超越这些误区,促进我国心理咨询事业的健康发展提供了理论依据.     

Psychological Consultation in a Children's Hospital: An Evaluation of Services

The pediatric psychologist's role in children's inpatient medicalhospitals has rapidly expanded. Few studies have examined thetypes of referrals for psychological consultation or programevaluation of these services. This paper describes an archivalevaluation of the types of referrals received by a pediatricpsychology inpatient service over a period of 4 1/2 years andan evaluation of these services by physicians, nurses, and socialworkers. The survey of services indicated that the most frequentreferrals were for depression/suicide attempt, poor adjustmentto a chronic illness, and behavior problems. Medically relatedproblems accounted for 42% of all of the consults. Approximatelytwo-thirds of the children were referred for outpatient psychologicalservices. The pediatric psychology service was more likely tofollow, on an outpatient basis, children with medically relatedproblems. A 26-item questionnaire obtained an overall responserate of 48% and response rate of 84 and 60% for faculty andresident physicians having contact with the pediatric psychologyconsult service. The evaluation of the pediatric psychologyservice by physicians, nurses, and social workers indicatedoverall satisfaction with the services they received. The levelof satisfaction was strongly related to the level of diagnosticagreement between the physicians/nurses and psychologist. Thelowest level of satisfaction was on verbal and written feedback.Suggestion for further research was offered.     

烧伤患儿父母心理健康状况调查及心理干预

目的探讨烧伤患儿父母的心理健康状况及心理干预效果。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对78名烧伤患儿父母在干预前、干预后1周进行调查并作统计分析比较。结果烧伤患儿父母干预前躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子分均显著高于国内常模,差异有统计学意义(t分别为17.11,3.39,5.13,8.31,43.5,5.32;P<0.05)。干预后与干预前比较,患儿父母躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子分低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(t分别为3.41,2.21,3.52,3.08,3.96,3.56;P<0.05)。结论烧伤患儿父母存在不同程度的心理问题,心理干预能改善患儿父母的心理健康水平。     

箱庭疗法在幼儿心理治疗和教育中的应用及价值

本文对箱庭疗法在幼儿心理治疗和心理健康教育中的应用现状进行总结,并对其影响和价值给予评价。箱庭疗法在幼儿心理治疗和心理健康教育方面有其独特的特点和优势,发挥着日益重要的作用。但存在一定的局限和不足,需要研究者进一步探索。     

不同经济划分方式对山东省青少年心理特征的比较研究

目的探讨在人均GDP和城乡两种经济划分方式中,哪种方式更能反应出地区经济状况对青少年心理特征产生的影响。方法以山东省23701名应征青年为对象,以人均GDP聚类划分和国家行政级别划分为经济水平分类方法,采用全国征兵心理检测系统为心理特征检测工具。结果人均GDP划分方式下,数学能力和信息加工速度的合格率在一级、二级和三级地区存在显著差异(P<0.05),而词语推理中,一级和二级地区显著高于三级地区(P<0.05);Net维度中一级地区(44.96±9.55)、二级地区(46.79±10.05)和三级地区(47.47±10.45)存在显著差异(P<0.05);Dit维度中,一级地区(44.54±9.10)、二级地区(46.20±9.53)和三级地区(46.99±10.05)也存在显著差异(P<0.05);而Set维度中,一级地区(45.89±8.59)和二级地区(46.34±8.78)未见显著差异(P>0.05)。国家行政级别划分方式下,城市应征青年的数学能力、信息加工速度和语词推理合格率均显著高于农村应征青年(P<0.05);性格测验中,城市应征青年的Net、Set和Dit维度分值显著低于农村青年(P<0.05)。结论在国家行政级别划分方式的基础上,按人均GDP聚类划分的方式能更好反映地区经济对青少年心理特征的影响。     

The Effect of Different Economic Division on Psychological Characteristics of Teenagers

目的 探讨在人均GDP和城乡两种经济划分方式中,哪种方式更能反应出地区经济状况对青少年心理特征产生的影响.方法 以山东省23701名应征青年为对象,以人均GDP聚类划分和国家行政级别划分为经济水平分类方法,采用全国征兵心理检测系统为心理特征检测工具.结果 人均GDP划分方式下,数学能力和信息加工速度的合格率在一级、二级和三级地区存在显著差异(P＜0.05),而词语推理中,一级和二级地区显著高于三级地区(P＜0.05);Net维度中一级地区(44.96±9.55)、二级地区(46.79±10.05)和三级地区(47.47±10.45)存在显著差异(P＜0.05);Dit维度中,一级地区(44.54±9.10)、二级地区( 46.20±9.53)和三级地区(46.99±10.05)也存在显著差异(P＜0.05);而Set维度中,一级地区(45.89±8.59)和二级地区(46.34±8.78)未见显著差异(P＞0.05).国家行政级别划分方式下,城市应征青年的数学能力、信息加工速度和语词推理合格率均显著高于农村应征青年(P＜0.05);性格测验中,城市应征青年的Net、Set和Dit维度分值显著低于农村青年(P＜0.05).结论在国家行政级别划分方式的基础上,按人均GDP聚类划分的方式能更好反映地区经济对青少年心理特征的影响.     

综合医院心理科联络会诊480例分析

目的 了解综合医院心理科联络会诊病人的原因、科室分布、病种构成及治疗效果.方法 对所有病人的资料进行统计分析.结果 病种构成中以焦虑障碍,心境障碍和器质性精神障碍列前3住;科室分布以神经内科及心血管内科为主,会诊后的治疗有效率为93.2%.结论 综合医院心理科联络会诊非常重要且治疗有效.     

昆明市金星社区居民心理咨询知晓率调查

目的了解社区居民对心理咨询的知晓率,为开展心理卫生服务作决策依据。方法采用现场调查方法,使用自行设计的心理咨询知晓率调查问卷,共20条问题,由志愿者自己填写问卷。结果受访者女性多于男性,年龄多在40～59岁(71.43%),初中及初中以上的文化居多,多为退休及无工作的低收入者。59.52%主要通过报刊、书籍了解心理咨询,40.48%承认自己存在不同程度的心理问题,认为子女教育(26.19%),社会适应(19.05%)是当前最感到困惑和痛苦的问题,但愿接受心理咨询的人不多,47.6%认为现在寻求心理咨询不方便。多愿接受谈心式的心理咨询(40.48%),57.14%认为心理咨询师应由心理专业人员担任。结论居民有心理卫生保健的需求,但对心理咨询的认识不足,心理卫生的宣传和教育亟待加强。     

适应心理辅导在高三学生中的应用

目的 验证适应心理辅导在教学中的作用和效果。方法 队列研究方法,选择2000级的雅安市雨城区第一中学的两个高中班,入学成绩两个班基本相同（没有显著性差异）。将其中一个班进行适应心理辅导另一个班没有应用。结果 应用适应心理辅导班的高考成绩明显优于对照班。适应学习的能力明显提高。结论 适应心理辅导能够提高学生的适应能力,提高学生的学习成绩。     

Infant Scales in the Pediatric Setting: The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale and the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire

The Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale items and scoring techniquesare described. Research comparing populations has shown cross-culturaldifferences and relationships between newborn behavior and addiction,obstetrical medication, risk status, and mother-infant interaction.Clinical and social applications and prediction to later infancyare reviewed. The Carey Questionnaire assesses infant temperamentbetween 4 and 8 months. The items and scoring procedures aresummarized and compared with the New York Longitudinal StudyInterview. Carey temperament scores are relatively stable andhave been related to behavior problems, infant development,risk status, and mother-infant interaction patterns. The useof both scales for investigating direction of effects in parent-infantrelationships is discussed. Critical comments are offered.     

我国心理咨询市场需求与行业管理现状

目的对我国当前心理咨询的市场需求,心理咨询师培训与行业管理等方面的现状进行综述。方法利用文献分析法和深入调查研究,结合本人体会进行归纳总结。结果心理咨询的市场需求,要冷静思考和对待,行业管理工作需进一步加强与完善。结论结合国情,积极稳妥地发展我国心理咨询事业。加大心理咨询行业管理力度,整顿规范心理咨询师培训市场。     

综合医院心理咨询门诊中学生心理健康调查

目的:调查研究综合医院心理咨询门诊中学生心理健康状况及其特点。方法:对104例中学生来访者采用心理健康诊断测验(MHT),对不同性别、年级、城乡及独生子女非独生子女分别进行比较。结果:走进心理咨询室的中学生MHT总量表分有明显心理障碍的检出率为9.62%,咨询问题以非医学问题为主共计73例(70.19%)。女生在恐怖倾向得分高于男生(t=-2.045;P0.05),初中生在身体症状及冲动倾向上高于高中生(t=2.066,2.660;P0.05),农村学生在学习焦虑上高于城市学生(t=-2.032;P0.05),独生子女在孤独倾向上高于非独生子女(t=2.230;P0.05),总分及其他分量表得分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:来综合医院心理咨询门诊的中学生,性别、年级、城乡来源及是否独生子女,其心理健康状况呈现一定的差异。     

Psychological Research in Pediatric Settings: Lessons From the Field

Described the practical problems that threaten the progressof psychological research conducted in pediatric settings andstrategies to manage these problems. Research collaborationswith physicians and setting-based constraints on data collectionand research participants place strenuous demands on investigators.Special efforts are needed to enhance the quality of interdisciplinaryresearch collaboration, lessen constraints on research participants,set priorities for research activities, and develop necessarysupport for research. To facilitate the progress of psychologicalresearch in pediatric settings, research training and continuingeducation should equip researchers to deal with the problemsof applied research with pediatric populations.     

调理疏情 助人自助——一则癔症心理咨询案例

本文介绍了一名女大学生癔症患者的情况．并全面阐释了心理咨询教师对此的评估与诊断、心理咨询教师制定的咨询目标和咨询方案．实施的咨询过程的三个阶段．取得的心理咨询效果及其评估。     

团体咨询预先应对退休后心理问题的研究

目的：探讨“团体咨询”在老年人退休后出现心理问题时的“预先应对”，进一步提高老年人生活质量。方法：对某机关单位中老年职工23人进行团体咨询，咨询前后SCL-90对照，并以18名未参加活动的退休老人作空白对照。结果：团体咨询前后老年人的心理和行为方面均有明显的改善，差异有显著性。结论：团体咨询是一种有效的预先应对退休后心理问题的方式，值得推广。     

儿科治疗过程中缓解家长心理问题及护理干预的临床效果

目的:研究儿科治疗过程中缓解家长心理问题及护理干预的临床效果。方法:选取我院儿科2015年6月至2016年6月收治的120例肺炎患儿,按患儿入院顺序将其分为对照组和观察组各60例。予以对照组家长常规护理,观察组家长在对照组基础上给予心理护理干预。比较两组患儿家长心理问题发生率及抑郁、焦虑心理改善情况,观察两组患儿治疗总有效率。结果:心理护理后观察组患儿家长心理问题发生率为16.67%,显著低于对照组的78.33%(χ2=45.748,P0.05);两组患儿家长护理前焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);心理护理后观察组患儿家长SAS、SDS评分显著低于对照组(t=15.590,14.584;P0.05);观察组患儿治疗总有效率为95.00%,显著高于对照组的66.67%(χ2=15.545,P0.05)。结论:儿科治疗过程中缓解家长心理问题及护理干预的临床效果显著,值得在临床上广泛应用。     

Consultation patterns in a general practice

A study from the Oxford Community Health Project is reported on the effects on consultation rates in general practice of patients' age, sex, date of registration, address, and usual doctor. The impact on consultation rates of accessibility of surgeries and availability of doctors is examined when the variables are controlled, and the importance of these factors is discussed in relation to planning primary medical care.     

Prevalence and Predictors of Learning and Psychological Diagnoses Following Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke

This study examined the prevalence of learning and psychological diagnoses and associated neurological and personal-environmental risk factors following perinatal and childhood arterial ischemic stroke. In our sample of 126 children and youth, 52.4% received a diagnosis following their assessment. Specifically, 32% had a single diagnosis and 21% had two or more diagnoses. Learning disability, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and intellectual disability were the most prevalent diagnoses. Associated risk factors varied by diagnosis with lower intellectual functioning being the common risk factor across categories. Seizure status was associated with intellectual disability whereas family history was related to ADHD and comorbid diagnoses.