长春瑞滨加顺铂联合同步胸部放射治疗用于局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的探讨低剂量长春瑞滨(NVB)加顺铂(DDP)联合同步胸部放疗对局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效与安全性。方法34例ⅢB期NSCLC患者接受NVB+DDP联合同步放疗,放疗剂量在40～66 Gy之间。结果客观缓解率为56％(19／34);中位生存期16．5个月,1年生存率62％(21／34),2年生存率35%(12／34)。47％(16／34)患者发生不同程度的放射性食管炎,其中Ⅲ、Ⅳ度食管炎29％(10／34);Ⅲ、Ⅳ度白细胞减少18％(6／34);Ⅲ、Ⅳ度血小板减少3％(1／34)。结论低剂量NVB+DDP方案化疗联合同步胸部放射治疗对局部晚期NSCLC有效,患者可以耐受。     

每周低剂量长春瑞滨、顺铂同步后程适形放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的Ⅱ期临床研究

目的：探讨每周低剂量长春瑞滨（NVB）、顺铂（PDD）同步后程适形放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的可行性及观察其近期疗效和毒副反应。方法：首程经病理确诊的21例局部晚期NSCLC（根据UICC1997分期标准ⅢA期8例，ⅢB期13例）患者，符合KPS≥70分，年龄≤70岁，近3月体重下降≤5％，器官功能正常。全部患者均行每周1次低剂量NP方案（NVB12．5mg／m^2，PDD20mg／m^2）化疗，共7～9次。每周化疗结束后立即行放疗，先期同步常规放疗38Gy／19F，继之适形放疗推量至60～64Gy／6～7周；锁骨上区照射者推量至60Gy。结果：21例全部完成治疗计划，可行疗效评估，肺原发灶完全缓解（CR）14、3％（3／21），部分缓解（PR）61、9％（13／21），无变化和进展（NC＋PD）22．8％（5／21），总有效率（CR＋PR）为76．2％（16／21）。1年和2年生存率分别为76．2％、40、8％。3～4级白细胞减少发生率为33．3％（7／21）；3级血小板减少发生率为4．8％（1／21）；3级放射性食管炎9．6％（2／21）；无3级及以上放射性肺炎的发生。加用糖皮质激素后症状及影像学表现均好转，无治疗相关性死亡。结论：同期化疗加适形放疗治疗局部晚期NSCLC能为绝大多数患者耐受，有较好的近期疗效，值得临床进一步研究。     

盖诺加顺铂联合放疗同步治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的评价去甲长春花碱（NVB,商品名盖诺）加顺铂（DDP）联合放疗同步治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效和不良反应。方法64例局部晚期NSCLC患者完全随机分为联合组（33例）和化疗组（31例）。化疗组单纯采用NP方案化疗,其中NVB25mg／m^2,d1,8;DDP25-30mg/m^2,d1—d3。联合组在NP方案化疗基础上,同时进行常规放疗。结果64例患者全部完成治疗计划,联合组总有效率（81．8％）明显高于化疗组（45．2％,P〈0．05）;联合组的1,2年生存率分别为69．7％和39．4％,化疗组分别为38．7％和16．1％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。联合组不良反应稍高于化疗组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论盖诺加顺铂联合放疗同步治疗局部晚期NSCIE有较好的近期疗效,可提高生存率,毒性反应可耐受。     

^125I粒子与放疗分别联合化疗治疗Ⅲb期NSCLC的比较

目的比较^125I粒子组织间植入和外放疗分别联合化疗治疗局部晚期非小胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer，NSCLC）的疗效与安全性。方法76例Ⅲb期NSCLC患者，观察组37例接受^125I放射性粒子植入后联合同步NP方案化疗，对照组39例接受外放疗同步NP方案化疗。结果观察组和对照组总有效率、局部控制率分别为78．4％和56．4％、91．9％和74．4％，均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；两组1年生存率分别为67．6％和66．7％，无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；两组治疗相关死亡率分别为0％和10．3％，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。对照组发生Ⅲ、Ⅳ度放射性食管炎、Ⅲ、Ⅳ度放射性肺炎和Ⅲ、Ⅳ度白细胞减少分别为15．4％、10．3％和41．0％，观察组所有病例未出现Ⅲ-Ⅳ放射性肺炎及食管炎，Ⅲ-Ⅳ度白细胞发生率为18．9％，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论放射线^125I粒子组织间植入联合同步化疗治疗局部晚期NSCLC具有较好的疗效和安全性。     

放疗联合长春瑞滨加顺铂同步或序贯化疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

为了比较放射治疗联合长春瑞滨（NVB）加顺铂（DDP）同步与序贯放化疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）的疗效及毒副反应,将55例Ⅲ期NSCLC患者随机分成2组,同步放化疗组（26例）：放疗第1天起即同时开始化疗。序贯放化疗组（29例）：入组后先予化疗2个疗程,再单独予放疗。结果：近期有效率（CR＋PR）同步放化疗组为76.9%（20/26）,序贯放化疗组为51.7%（15/29）,P=0.0456。1、2年生存率同步放化疗组为69.2%（18/26）、42.3%（11/26）,序贯放化疗组为51.7%（15/29）、17.2%（5/29）。2年生存率差异有统计学意义,P=0.041。同步放化疗组白细胞下降与放射性食管炎较序贯放化疗组严重,P〈0.05;但经治疗后,患者大多能耐受。初步研究结果提示,放射治疗联合NVB加DDP同步放化疗治疗Ⅲ期NSCLC的疗效优于序贯放化疗,不良反应增大但可耐受,值得进一步研究。     

诺维苯为主联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌和乳腺癌的近期疗效观察

目的 观察以诺维苯为主的联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)和晚期乳腺癌的疗效及毒副作用。方法 39例恶性肿瘤患者，NSCLC2l例，乳腺癌18例，均为病理学证实的晚期患者。NSCLC组以诺维苯(NVB)加顺铂(DDP)方案化疗，乳腺癌组以NVB加阿霉素(ADM)方案化疗。结果 晚期NSCLC的总有效率(CR PR)38．1％(8／21)。晚期乳腺癌有效率55．5％(10／18)。毒性反应主要为粒细胞减少，胃肠道反应、脱发、静脉炎等。其中Ⅱ～Ⅲ度粒细胞减少发生率达66．6％。结论 NVB加DDP治疗晚期NSCLC，NVB加ADM治疗晚期乳腺癌，疗效较好，毒性作用可以耐受。但重度骨髓抑制应引起足够重视。     

异长春花碱联合顺铂方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的观察异长春花碱(NVB)和顺铂(DDP)联合化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效及毒副反应。方法自1998年至2003年对46例中晚期NSCLC进行NVB DDP联合化疗，NVB25mg／m^2，第1、8天用，DDP65～80mg／m^2第1天或分三天用，21天为一个周期，至少应用两个周期。结果全组有效率为47．8％(22／46)，其中初治患者有效率为51．6％，复治患者有效率为40．0％；ⅢB期有效率为54．5％，Ⅳ期有效率为41．7％；腺癌有效率为50．0％，鳞癌有效率为44．4％；中位生存期为9．5个月，1年生存率为39．1％。化疗毒性主要为骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐及静脉炎。白细胞下降率为95．7％，其中Ⅲ Ⅳ度为28．3％，恶心呕吐发生率为47．8％，其中Ⅲ Ⅳ度为8．7％，静脉炎发生率为19．6％，但均为Ⅰ、Ⅱ度。结论NVB DDP方案治疗晚期NSCLC疗效较好，毒副反应可以耐受。     

健择联合顺铂治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

探讨健择（GEM，Gemcitabine，Gemzer，吉西他滨）联合顺铂（DDP，Cisplatin）治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lungcancer，NSCLC）的疗效与安全性。对经病理学和细胞学确诊且初治的ⅢB～Ⅳ期局部晚期NSCLC患者54例，男36例，女18例。年龄38-71岁，ECOG评分O～2分。均给予静脉滴入给药，其中健择1000mg／m^2，分别d1、d8给药；DDP25mg／m^2，d1、d2和d3给药，21d为1个周期。2个周期后评价疗效及不良反应。结果全组完全缓解1例，部分缓解24例，总有效率为46％。中位生存期为11个月，1年生存率为37％。Ⅲ度和Ⅳ度白细胞减少症和血小板减少症发生率为16．7％、14．8％。初步研究结果提示，健择联合顺铂治疗局部晚期NSCLC有较好的疗效，且安全耐受性较好。     

NVB加DDP联合放疗同步与序贯治疗晚期NSCLC的临床研究

目的 :评价和比较NVB和放疗同步与序贯治疗局部晚期NSCLC近期疗效和患者耐受性。方法 :41例晚期NSCLC患者随机分入同步治疗组和序贯治疗组。同步组每周前 3日放疗前予NVB加DDP化疗 ,共 6周。序贯组予 2周期NP方案 (NVB 2 5mg/m2 ,d1、8,DDP5 0mg ,d1- 3)化疗后常规放疗。结果 :同步组和序贯组总有效率分别为 6 6 7%和 5 0 %,差异无显著性。同步组局部控制率高于序贯组 (P <0 0 5 )。两组不良反应无显著性差异。结论 :NVB加DDP和放疗同步治疗晚期NSCLC局部控制率高于序贯治疗 ,总有效率及不良反应两组相近。     

健泽联合顺铂治疗老年晚期NSCLC临床观察

目的观察健泽（GEM）联合顺铂（DDP）组成的GP方案治疗老年晚期NSCLC的近期疗效及毒副反应。方法应用健泽（1000mg／m^2静脉滴注第1、8天）加顺铂（25mg／m^2静脉滴注第1～3天）治疗NSCLC32例。结果CR1例，PR16例，SD11例，PD4例，总有效率53．1％，临床受益率达71．9％。主要毒副反应为白细胞、血小板减少、恶心呕吐，其中Ⅱ～Ⅲ度白细胞减少53．1％，Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血小板减少6．25％，Ⅱ～Ⅲ度恶心呕吐25％。结论健泽联合顺铂治疗老年晚期NSCLC是一高效低毒的方案，值得进一步研究。     

Oncogénétique et psycho-oncologie, une collaboration recommandée...

Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie     

The role of papillomaviruses in human cancers

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.     

Antifungal combination therapy in localized candidosis

A mouse model of localized candidosis in air-filled subcutaneous cysts imitating thrush has been developed. We have now tested various antifungal combinations in this animal model. Flucytosine (5-FC) + amphotericin B (Amph B) showed the highest efficacy, a clear additive or even synergistic effect was seen. The combination of 5-FC + imidazole or triazole derivative was less efficacious, an additive effect was rare. The combination of 5-FC + Amph B was also tested against Candida albicans strains showing various degrees of 5-FC-resistance. A significant reduction in 5-FC-resistant mutants was seen after the treatment with the combination.     

Les génériques en cancérologie: à molécule identique, médicaments identiques? Les biosimilaires, des super-génériques?

Résumé: Les biosimilaires vont bientôt voir leur apparition en Europe. Comment un laboratoire peut-il aborder le développement de son dossier dAMM? Quelles sont les bases légales et les recommandations officielles? Comment la similarité et/ou le caractère générique peuvent-ils être démontrés? Les règles sont-elles identiques à celles des produits chimiques conventionnels pour lesquels, notamment en cancérologie, il existe des médicaments génériques? Comment faire pour que la sécurité et lefficacité des médicaments biosimilaires soient assurées pour les patients?     

Cancer immunotherapy

Unprecedented progress has seen made in the last decade in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The recent approval of nivolumab （Opdivo）, the first anti-programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） antibody, for metastatic melanoma in Japan, marked a milestone in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Nivolumab together with ipilimumab （Yervoy）, the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 （CTLA-4） antibody, are the first 2 drugs in the class of ＂immune checkpoint inhibitors＂ that have delivered impressive responses in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer （RCC） as well as a variety of solid tumors.     

裘法祖教授生平

Prof.Fazu Qiu,member of the Chinese Communist Party,surgery professor of Tongji Hospital,departed in Tongji Hospital,Wuhan,China,at fourteen to nine a.m,June 14,2008,after a disease.He turns 94 this year.He was the senior academician of the Academia Sinica,the illustrious medical scientist of China,and the Honorary Director of Tongji Medical College,as well as Huazhong University of Science & Technology.     

Effect of tumor therapeutic irradiation on the mechanical properties of teeth tissue

Tumor irradiation of the head-neck area is accompanied by the development of a so-called radiation caries in the treated patients. In spite of conservative therapeutic measures, the process results in tooth destruction. The present study investigated the effects of irradiation on the demineralization and remineralization of the dental tissue. For this purpose, retained third molars were prepared and assigned either to a test group, which was exposed to fractional irradiation up to 60 Gy, or to a non-irradiated control group. Irradiated and non-irradiated teeth were then demineralized using acidic hydroxyl-cellulose gel; afterwards the teeth were remineralized using either Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee. The nanoindentation technique was used to measure the mechanical properties, hardness and elasticity, of the teeth in each of the conditions. The values were compared to the non-irradiated control group. Irradiation decreased dramatically the mechanical parameters of enamel and dentine. In nonirradiated teeth, demineralization had nearly the same effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties. In irradiated teeth, the effects of demineralization were negligible in comparison to non-irradiated teeth. Remineralization with Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee led to a partial improvement of the mechanical properties of the teeth. The enamel was more positively affected by remineralization than the dentine.     

Consultation multidisciplinaire pour les patients atteints d’une pathologie tumorale (carcinome infiltrant ou lésion précancéreuse) liée à HPV : la consultation multidisciplinaire papillomavirus

Given the recent increase in the number of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers in other locations than gynaecological, the number of patients with two cancers at distinct sites, and because of the lack of exhaustive data, we decided to create a multidisciplinary network around an HPV consultation at the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP). This network aims to set up the best tools for detecting HPV-associated “multisite” precancerous lesions in order to determine the possible impact of dedicated care for this at-risk population. This monthly consultation was created at the HEGP in June 2014. It is currently organized around five consultations: gynaecological, ENT, urological, digestive and immunological. Every patient who has been diagnosed with HPV-related cancer and whose care is provided at the HEGP is offered this particular follow-up: systematically, once the initial lesion has been treated, the patient is convened annually for a day during which it benefits from the consultations mentioned above. A consultation with a psychologist is systematically proposed. Local samples are taken at each site: a cytological examination, the analysis of known predictive and prognostic virological markers are carried out. This study fits more broadly in a theme of clinical and fundamental research around cancers related to HPV.