实时荧光定量PCR微卫星分析技术检测少突胶质细胞肿瘤染色体1p、19q和10q杂合性缺失

目的建立检测脑胶质瘤染色体1p、19q和10q杂合性缺失(LOH)的实验室新方法。方法采用Taqman探针法对38例少突胶质细胞肿瘤标本进行染色体1p、19q和10q LOH检测。结果 38例少突胶质细胞肿瘤染色体中有25例(65.7%)发生1p LOH,26例(68.4%)发生19q LOH,5例(13.2%)发生10q LOH。结论实时荧光定量PCR微卫星分析技术快速、准确性高,可以用于脑胶质瘤标本染色体LOH的检测。     

PCR法快速诊断急性重症胰腺炎早期合并细菌感染

目的：探讨针对细菌16s rRNA基因的通用引物为基础的细菌聚合酶链反应（PCR）法诊断急性重症胰腺炎（SAP）早期合并细菌感染的价值。方法：采用细菌通用引物PCR法检测SAP患者的胰周渗液,并与常规细菌培养结果进行比较。结果：收集17例SAP胰周渗液标本45份,其中17份来自细针穿刺（FNA）,28份为术中标本。常规培养结果阳性38份,共10例;细菌PCR法检测阳性36份,共9例。10例最终诊断为胰腺感染,并行手术治疗。与最终结果比较,PCR、培养诊断胰腺感染的敏感性分别为90%（9/10）、100%（10/10）,特异性均为100%（7/7）。两者耗时分别为5 h3、d。结论：PCR法能快速、准确地诊断SAP早期合并细菌感染,为手术治疗提供可靠依据。     

Rapid Exclusion of COVID Infection With the Artificial Intelligence Electrocardiogram

ObjectiveTo rapidly exclude severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using artificial intelligence applied to the electrocardiogram (ECG).MethodsA global, volunteer consortium from 4 continents identified patients with ECGs obtained around the time of polymerase chain reaction–confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and age- and sex-matched controls from the same sites. Clinical characteristics, polymerase chain reaction results, and raw electrocardiographic data were collected. A convolutional neural network was trained using 26,153 ECGs (33.2% COVID positive), validated with 3826 ECGs (33.3% positive), and tested on 7870 ECGs not included in other sets (32.7% positive). Performance under different prevalence values was tested by adding control ECGs from a single high-volume site.ResultsThe area under the curve for detection of acute COVID-19 infection in the test group was 0.767 (95% CI, 0.756 to 0.778; sensitivity, 98%; specificity, 10%; positive predictive value, 37%; negative predictive value, 91%). To more accurately reflect a real-world population, 50,905 normal controls were added to adjust the COVID prevalence to approximately 5% (2657/58,555), resulting in an area under the curve of 0.780 (95% CI, 0.771 to 0.790) with a specificity of 12.1% and a negative predictive value of 99.2%.ConclusionInfection with SARS-CoV-2 results in electrocardiographic changes that permit the artificial intelligence–enhanced ECG to be used as a rapid screening test with a high negative predictive value (99.2%). This may permit the development of electrocardiography-based tools to rapidly screen individuals for pandemic control.