丛枝菌根真菌对丹参内源激素的影响

该文旨在初步探索接种地表球囊霉(Glomus versiforme,GV)真菌不同时期丹参内源激素含量的动态变化,实验设定对照组和菌根组,测定接种GV菌剂30,60,75,90,105,130 d丹参根系侵染率,同时采用ELISA方法测定内源激素ABA,ZR,GA,IAA,Me JA含量的动态变化。结果表明,接种菌根90 d丹参根部侵染率为90%,基本达到平衡;地上部分鲜重和叶片数显著高于对照组,约为对照组的2.7,1.96倍;除ABA外,丹参接种菌剂75 d地上部分其他内源激素含量均显著低于对照组(P0.05),分别约为对照组含量的63%~75%;接种菌剂90 d后地下部分内源激素含量均显著低于对照组(P0.05),分别约为对照组含量的45%~81%;接种GV菌剂105 d后地下部分内源激素含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),分别高1.4~1.7倍;接种菌剂60,75,105 d地下部分ABA含量显著增加。因此,推论丛枝菌根真菌能促进丹参生长,且不同侵染时期影响丹参内源激素含量。     

不同从枝菌根真菌处理对滇重楼土壤理化性质的影响

目的:探讨滇重楼接种不同丛枝菌根(AM)真菌条件下,不同时期的滇重楼根系侵染率、根际土壤养分的变化及各因子间的相关性。方法:采用单因素盆栽实验,对滇重楼幼苗接种28种AM真菌,在8月份(果熟期)和11月份(衰老期)2个时期进行采样,分析根系侵染率和根际土壤理化性质。结果:滇重楼果熟期和衰老期各AM真菌处理组菌根侵染率均在75%～100%;与CK组相比,2个时期的根际土壤易提取球囊霉素和总球囊霉素含量均有不同程度的增加,2个时期的处理组根际土壤pH均呈上升趋势,果熟期根际土壤有机质含量,均有明显下降,衰老期根际土壤有机质含量无显著性差异,2个时期的根际土壤全氮和全钾有所下降,2个时期的根际土壤其他理化性质增加或降低,无明显变化规律。相关性分析表明,菌根侵染率与根际土壤理化性质具有一定的相关性。结论:接种AM真菌在不同程度上影响滇重楼根际土壤理化性质,为AM真菌菌剂在滇重楼栽培中的应用提供参考价值。     

丛枝菌根真菌对太白贝母生长及质量标志物的影响

目的研究丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对太白贝母侵染率、生物量、叶片光合指标和生理指标,以及质量标志物含量等的影响。方法采用室温盆栽方法培养太白贝母,分为接种地表球囊霉(GV)、聚丛球囊霉(GA)、摩西球囊霉(GM)、缩球囊霉(GC1)和不接种5个处理。采用Phillips和Hayman方法测定AM真菌的侵染率;生长期测定叶片的光合指标和生理指标,收获期测定太白贝母鳞茎的产量;采用HPLC测定太白贝母质量标志物的含量。结果接种AM真菌较对照组侵染率显著提高。接种AM真菌能显著提高太白贝母的鲜重和干重;提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性,提高可溶性糖类和可溶性蛋白质含量,提高叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和胞间CO_2浓度;明显提高太白贝母总生物碱、贝母辛、西贝母碱苷、贝母碱甲、贝母碱乙含量。结论接种AM真菌后,不同AM真菌与太白贝母之间具有选择性,但均可不同程度改善太白贝母的生长,对太白贝母的产量和品质提升有较大作用。本研究可为菌剂在药用植物栽培中的开发利用奠定良好基础。     

混合接种丛枝菌根真菌对木香幼苗生长及化学成分的影响

目的:探讨丛枝菌根(AM)真菌混合接种的协同作用对木香幼苗的生长、生理生化特性、根生物量及萜类成分积累的影响,为优势互补效应菌根真菌的组合配置应用提供参考。方法:采用室温盆栽接种实验,通过不同菌株的结合,以不接种为对照,测定不同AM真菌结合接种处理对木香幼苗的根系菌根侵染率、植株生长与生理生化特性、根生物量及木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯含量的影响。结果:供试AM真菌能与木香根系形成良好菌根共生体,菌根共生体系的形成后可增加木香叶片的叶绿素含量,提高过氧化氢酶(CAT),过氧化物酶(POD),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的酶活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。与空白CK组相比,AM真菌处理组能显著促进木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯含量的积累,木香幼苗共生栽培过程中显著促进其代谢产物木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯向根中累积,间接提高了木香的入药品质和木香内酯产量。结论:接种外源性AM真菌可提高木香根系菌根生活力,增加对营养物质的吸收,促进木香营养生长。在人工栽培中,S2,S4,S5混合接种处理组的菌根效应最佳,木香生长和药用品质达到最优,为木香菌根生物技术的应用推广提供了技术支撑。     

施磷量和AM真菌对柴胡生长的交互效应

目的研究不同施磷水平下接种AM真菌摩西球囊霉Glomusmosseae、苏格兰球囊霉G.caledonium和两者的混合菌剂对柴胡Bupleurumchinense生长的影响。方法采用盆栽试验与室内分析相结合的方法。结果接种AM真菌提高了柴胡根系菌根侵染率,增加了植株磷的量和根干质量;叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖的量明显高于对照株,而接种混合菌种的柴胡根可溶性糖的量低于对照株;AM真菌接种效应因菌种和施磷量不同而变化,施磷量为0.1~0.3g/kg时接种效果最好。结论接种AM真菌有利于柴胡生长,提高磷肥利用率。     

不同丛枝菌根真菌组合对滇重楼光合生理和化学成分的影响

目的:研究接种不同丛枝菌根(AM)真菌组合对滇重楼幼苗的生长发育和入药品质的影响,为培育优质滇重楼药材提供参考。方法:通过室温盆栽接种试验方法,在灭菌栽培土壤中分别接种9组不同AM真菌组合,以不接种为空白组,观察不同AM真菌组合对滇重楼幼苗的根系侵染率、光合参数、生理指标及化学成分等的影响。结果:接种外源AM真菌组合显著增加滇重楼根际土壤中的孢子密度、根系AM真菌的侵染率和侵染强度,以及根内琥珀酸脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性;与空白组相比,不同AM真菌处理组对滇重楼叶片叶绿素含量、丙二醛、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量、抗氧化酶活性等均有不同程度的提高;接种混合AM真菌可以诱导滇重楼次生代谢过程的变化,总皂苷含量在T1至T2时期呈上升趋势,T2至T4时期急速减少,到T5时期有所提高。结论:不同混合AM真菌能与滇重楼根系形成良好的共生关系,提高菌根生活力,增强滇重楼对外界不利环境的抗逆性,促进滇重楼的生长发育以及提高根茎品质。从综合接种效应来看S5,S8,S9组AM真菌组合效果最佳,为滇重楼菌根生物技术的运用提供了参考价值。     

接种AM真菌对木香幼苗生长及光合特性的影响北大核心CSCD

目的:研究不同AM真菌对木香幼苗生长及光合特性的影响,为其田间高产栽培提供实验数据。方法:通过温室盆栽接种试验与室内分析相结合的方法,分别接种球状巨孢囊霉Gigaspora margarita、玫瑰红巨孢囊霉Gigaspora rosea、美丽盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora calospora、双紫盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora dipurpurascens、孔窝无梗囊霉Acaulospora foreata、细凹无梗囊霉Acaulospora scrobiculata、明球囊霉Rhizophagus clarum、根内球囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices等4属8种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌,以接种和未接种AM真菌木香幼苗为研究材料,测定木香幼苗的生长指标和叶片光合生理特征,采用非直角双曲线模型对其光响应曲线进行拟合。结果:木香能迅速与AM真菌相互识别,形成了良好的共生关系,但8种AM真菌对木香幼苗的共生偏好性不同。AM真菌诱导处理后,对木香幼苗植株的生长发育影响不大,但不同AM真菌对木香幼苗叶片的光合参数和生理生化指标的影响有所差异。AM真菌侵入木香幼苗根系形成共生体后,能够提高植物的叶绿素含量和降低叶绿素a/b含量,不同程度地提高了最大净光合速率(Pnmax)和初始量子效率(AQY),并降低了暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP),从而促进木香幼苗光合作用的能力,有利于植株的生长。结论:从综合接种效应来看,双紫盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora dipurpurascens、美丽盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora calospora等是培育木香菌根苗优良备选菌株。     

接种AM真菌对木香幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

目的:研究不同AM真菌对木香幼苗生长及光合特性的影响,为其田间高产栽培提供实验数据。方法:通过温室盆栽接种试验与室内分析相结合的方法,分别接种球状巨孢囊霉Gigaspora margarita、玫瑰红巨孢囊霉Gigaspora rosea、美丽盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora calospora、双紫盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora dipurpurascens、孔窝无梗囊霉Acaulospora foreata、细凹无梗囊霉Acaulospora scrobiculata、明球囊霉Rhizophagus clarum、根内球囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices等4属8种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌,以接种和未接种AM真菌木香幼苗为研究材料,测定木香幼苗的生长指标和叶片光合生理特征,采用非直角双曲线模型对其光响应曲线进行拟合。结果:木香能迅速与AM真菌相互识别,形成了良好的共生关系,但8种AM真菌对木香幼苗的共生偏好性不同。AM真菌诱导处理后,对木香幼苗植株的生长发育影响不大,但不同AM真菌对木香幼苗叶片的光合参数和生理生化指标的影响有所差异。AM真菌侵入木香幼苗根系形成共生体后,能够提高植物的叶绿素含量和降低叶绿素a/b含量,不同程度地提高了最大净光合速率(Pnmax)和初始量子效率(AQY),并降低了暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP),从而促进木香幼苗光合作用的能力,有利于植株的生长。结论:从综合接种效应来看,双紫盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora dipurpurascens、美丽盾巨孢囊霉Scutellospora calospora等是培育木香菌根苗优良备选菌株。     

丛枝菌根真菌对半夏产量及化学成分的影响

目的:研究丛枝菌根真菌(AM)对半夏叶形指数、繁殖系数、产量及化学成分等的影响.方法:半夏生长期间常规测量叶长、叶宽、株高及叶柄直径(茎粗)直至倒苗,计算叶形指数;收获块茎后,测量并计算块茎产量;采用高效液相色谱法测量收获块茎和赫章县栽培半夏块茎中鸟苷含量;采用紫外-可见光分光光度计法测量收获块茎和赫章县栽培半夏块茎中生物碱含量.结果与结论:接种AM真菌可显著提高半夏块茎产量,提高繁殖系数;接种AM真菌提高半夏叶形指数,使叶片趋向竹叶型,推迟半夏倒苗时间;摩西球囊霉+根内球囊霉第1批处理(gm+gi 1)对提高半夏块茎鲜重、干重及繁殖系数的效果最为明显,说明多菌协同、接种时间越长对提高半夏块茎产量和繁殖系数效果越为明显.接种AM真菌可显著提高半夏块茎鸟苷、生物碱含量,且接种菌剂的处理生物碱及鸟苷含量大多高于赫章县栽培半夏;摩西球囊霉+根内球囊霉第2批处理(gm+gi 2)对增加块茎鸟苷、生物碱含量的效果最为明显,说明多菌协同,且在半夏生长中期进行接种效果最好.     

不同丛枝菌根真菌对滇重楼幼苗根际土壤养分的影响

目的:阐明不同丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌与滇重楼共生培养条件下,AM真菌对滇重楼幼苗根际土壤养分,AM真菌侵染率及根茎总皂苷的影响。方法:通过室温盆栽接种试验与数据分析相结合的方法,分析滇重楼实生苗接种外源性AM真菌后处理组与不接种对照(CK)组根系侵染率、根际土壤养分和根茎总皂苷含量的变化,以及根际土壤因子与其侵染率和总皂苷含量的关系。结果:与CK组相比,接种AM真菌处理组根系侵染率显著增强(P0.05),处理组滇重楼根际土壤中易提取球囊霉素含量、总球囊霉素含量、全氮含量较CK组显著提高,速效钾含量和pH较CK组显著降低;接种AM真菌后滇重楼根际土壤全磷、速效磷、速效氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效钾、有机质含量与CK组相比变化较大,改善了土壤养分状况,提高了滇重楼根茎总皂苷含量。结论:接种AM真菌能够改善滇重楼根际土壤养分含量,有助于根际土壤养分转化,促进滇重楼生长,提高药材的入药品质。     

Effect of Aloe barbadensis Miller Juice on oxidative stress biomarkers in aerobic cells using Artemia franciscana as a model

This study reports on the induction of oxidative stress in aerobic cell systems by Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) juice using the salt water crustacean Artemia franciscana as a model. A consistent pattern was observed in which Artemia franciscana nauplii responded to Aloe vera juice exposure with a decrease in the overall activity of redox related enzymes. Exposure of Artemia franciscana to sub‐lethal levels of Aloe vera juice resulted in a decreased activity of thioredoxin reductase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase by 34% (66% enzymatic activity), 79% (21% enzymatic activity) and 90% (10% enzymatic activity), respectively. Similarly apparent was the trend whereby the co‐exposure of the nauplii to vitamin E counteracted this effect. For each of the biomarker enzymes tested, vitamin E co‐exposure resulted in enzyme activities closer to the control value (78%, 56% and 32% of control enzymatic activities for thioredoxin reductase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity, respectively). These results indicate that exposure to sub‐lethal doses of Aloe vera juice induces alterations in the cellular redox status of Artemia franciscana and that the addition of vitamin E helps the Artemia franciscana nauplii to overcome/block the juice induced oxidative stress. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of Aloe vera A. Berger (Liliaceae) on gastric acid secretion and acute gastric mucosal injury in rats

The effect of varying doses of ethanol extract of Aloe vera (Liliaceae) on acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by 0.6 M HCl and acid output was studied in the pylorus ligated and lumen perfuse rats, respectively. Acid secretion was determined by titration of the collected gastric juice to pH 7.0. Intraperitoneal injection of Aloe vera, dose dependently inhibited gastric acid secretion. The plant was more active as a gastroprotective agent at lower concentration against mucosal injury induced by 0.6 M HCl. In conclusion, Aloe vera is endowed with gastric acid anti-secretory activity and could protect the gastric mucosa at low concentrations against injurious agents.     

Effect of Aloe vera leaves on blood glucose level in type I and type II diabetic rat models

Aloe vera (L.) Burm. fil. (= A. barbadensis Miller) (Liliaceae) is native to North Africa and also cultivated in Turkey. Aloes have long been used all over the world for their various medicinal properties. In the past 15 years, there have been controversial reports on the hypoglycaemic activity of Aloe species, probably due to differences in the parts of the plant used or to the model of diabetes chosen. In this study, separate experiments on three main groups of rats, namely, non-diabetic (ND), type I (IDDM) and type II (NIDDM) diabetic rats were carried out. A. vera leaf pulp and gel extracts were ineffective on lowering the blood sugar level of ND rats. A. vera leaf pulp extract showed hypoglycaemic activity on IDDM and NIDDM rats, the effectiveness being enhanced for type II diabetes in comparison with glibenclamide. On the contrary, A. vera leaf gel extract showed hyperglycaemic activity on NIDDM rats. It may therefore be concluded that the pulps of Aloe vera leaves devoid of the gel could be useful in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The influence of long-term Aloe vera ingestion on age-related disease in male Fischer 344 rats

The effects of long-term Aloe vera ingestion on age-related diseases were investigated using male specific pathogen-free (SPF) Fischer 344 rats. Experimental animals were divided into four groups: Group A, the control rats fed a semi-synthetic diet without Aloe vera; Group B, rats fed a diet containing 1% freeze-dried Aloe vera filet; Group C, rats fed a diet containing 1% charcoal-processed, freeze-dried Aloe vera filet; and Group D, rats fed the control diet and given whole leaf charcoal-processed Aloe vera (0.02%) in the drinking water. This study demonstrates that life-long Aloe vera ingestion produced neither harmful effects nor deleterious changes. In addition, Aloe vera ingestion appeared to be associated with some beneficial effects on age-related diseases. Groups B exhibited significantly less occurrence of multiple causes of death, and a slightly lower incidence of fatal chronic nephropathy compared with Group A rats. Groups B and C rats showed the trend, slightly lower incidences of thrombosis in the cardiac atrium than Group A rats. Therefore, these findings suggest that life-long Aloe vera ingestion does not cause any obvious harmful and deleterious side effects, and could also be beneficial for the prevention of age-related pathology.     

芦荟及其复方提取物对RAW264.7细胞炎症因子的影响

目的:观察芦荟及其复方提取物对小鼠巨噬细胞炎症因子的影响.方法:RAW264.7细胞按2×105/mL稀释,100μL/孔接种入96孔板,药物质量浓度为250,125,62.5 g?L-1下采用噻唑蓝比色法(MTT法)作用4h,检测芦荟及其复方提取物对小鼠巨噬细胞的毒性作用;药物质量浓度为50,25,12.5 g?L-1下采用硝酸还原酶法作用24 h,测定小鼠巨噬细胞一氧化氮(N0)含量,并用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)测定其在单纯药物及脂多糖(LPS)1 mg?L-1诱导情况下小鼠巨噬细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-10(IL-10)的含量.结果:芦荟及其复方提取物具有促进巨噬细胞释放NO的作用,并与药物浓度成正相关(P＜0.01);芦荟有促进TNF-α分泌(P＜0.01)和抑制IL-10分泌(P＜0.05)的作用,其复方在LPS诱导下则对TNF-α和IL-10都有抑制作用(P＜0.01).结论:芦荟在250～7.8 g?L-1下对臣噬细胞无细胞毒性,其复方则有一定毒性;芦荟及其复方对小鼠巨噬细胞炎症因子的释放有一定影响.     

氨基寡糖素对芦荟炭疽病防治效果及安全性实验

目的2%氨基寡糖素对芦荟炭疽病防治效果及安全性实验。方法使用氨基寡糖素进行实验室和现场药效实验。结果氨基寡糖素能有效促进芦荟生长发育,对芦荟炭疽病有明显的防治作用,安全和无药害发生。大田喷撒2%氨基寡糖素(300倍)对芦荟炭疽病有理想的防治效果,其防效达85.22%,比对照农药50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂(800倍)提高12.30个百分点。结论2%氨基寡糖素(300倍)药效高,使用安全方便,值得推广应用。     

Preliminary evaluation: the effects of Aloe ferox Miller and Aloe arborescens Miller on wound healing

Aim of the study

Genus Aloe has been traditionally utilized for medicinal purpose for decades. Compared with Aloe vera gel, the qualitative assessment for the therapeutic effects of the other two Aloe species, Aloe ferox Miller and Aloe arborescens Miller, for their topical wound healing was less addressed. Therefore, the aim of present study is to provide the positive evidence for Aloe ferox Miller and Aloe arborescens Miller supporting their therapeutic properties for topical treatment of skin wounds.

Materials and methods

Two types of the whole-leaf juice prepared from either Aloe ferox Miller or Aloe arborescens Miller were used in this study. Incision wound healing was investigated using both the rat and rabbit model. The wound closure rate with and without the topical administration of the whole-leaf juice were monitored. The changes in wound characteristics were traced and wound severity was scored on different days. The anti-microorganism actions of each whole-leaf juice preparation were evaluated by measuring their inhibition growth effects on four bacterial strains and three fungal spores. The toxic influence owing to topical application of Aloe whole-leaf juice on intact and damaged skin was also assessed.

Results and Conclusions

Our results indicated that the two types of whole-leaf juice preparations exhibit the therapeutic properties, including facilitation of the healing process, selective inhibition of the microbial growth and zero side-effect on the skin, during the observation period. It is concluded that both of Aloe whole-leaf juice preparations have the positive potential for skin medicinal application.     

中国芦荟治疗寻常痤疮临床研究

目的：观察中国芦荟治疗寻常痊疮的疗效。方法：全叶组41例外用芦荟全叶，叶肉组40例外用芦荟叶肉，对照组30例外用达芙文凝胶治疗。结果：3组总有效率分别为73．2％，70．0％，76．7％，经统计学处理无显著性差异(P＞0．05)。结论：中国芦荟全叶和叶肉外用治疗寻常痊疮疗效较好，但叶肉更安全，患者依从性好。     

库拉索芦荟与斑纹芦荟的多糖含量比较研究

目的：测定不同年限的库拉索芦荟与斑纹芦荟的多糖含量。方法以D-甘露糖为对照品,采用紫外分光光度法,测定生长年限为1、2、3、4及5年的库拉索芦荟和斑纹芦荟的多糖含量,并对其进行比较分析。结果甘露糖在0.05～0.60 g/L范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系(r＝0.9985),测得生长年限为1、2、3、4及5年的库拉索芦荟多糖含量分别为1.201、1.485、1.665、2.355、5.040 mg/g;斑纹芦荟的多糖含量分别为0.780、0.900、1.035、1.650、2.355 mg/g。结论不同生长年限的库拉索芦荟和斑纹芦荟的多糖含量有差别,其含量随年限增长而增加,相同年限库拉索芦荟的多糖含量明显高于斑纹芦荟。     

斑纹芦荟中芦荟苦素的分离鉴定

从斑纹芦荟叶中分得结晶,经理化数据和光谱解析等方法鉴定为芦荟苦素。