贲门癌术后近期24小时食管pH监测

为了解贲门癌切除术后患者胃食管反流的具体情况,探讨现行手术方法对胃食管反流的影响,评价体位改变对减少胃食管反流的效果,作者对３０例贲门癌患者在术后１３～１８天进行了２４小时食管ｐＨ监测。结果显示：（１）贲门癌患者术后２４小时食管ｐＨ各项监测指标均高于正常（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但只有６０％的患者有典型胃食管反流症状;（２）胸内吻合与腹内吻合、套入式吻合与围巾式吻合相比,监测结果无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）;（３）术后上身抬高３０°仰卧的患者,监测指标均明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。由此得出结论：（１）贲门癌患者术后普遍存在胃食管反流;（２）上身抬高可明显减少胃食管反流;（３）目前常用的一些手术吻合方法不能减少胃食管反流;（４）尽管某些患者没有反流的典型症状,胃食管反流仍存在。     

不同平面胃食管吻合术后食管腔内24小时pH监测

目的为了解食管癌、贲门癌切除术后胃食管在颈部、弓上和弓下吻合术后发生胃食管反流的差异。方法对１０例正常人和３０例在３个不同平面作胃食管吻合的患者术后１～３月进行残留食管腔内连续２４小时ｐＨ监测。结果（１）食管癌、贲门癌患者术后无论吻合平面位于何处，术后近期内２４小时食管腔内ｐＨ各项监测指标均高于正常（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）２４小时总反流次数在３个不同吻合平面吻合术间无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；（３）其余监测指标颈部吻合＞弓上吻合＞弓下吻合（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论食管癌、贲门癌患者术后普遍存在胃食管反流现象。吻合平面越高，反流越严重。降低吻合平面，缩小胸胃体积有利于减少术后反流，提高生活质量。     

24h食管pH监测临床研究进展

24ｈ食管ｐＨ监测的问世为胃食管反流性疾病 (ｇａｓｔｒｏｅ ｓｏｐｈａｇｅａｌｒｅｆｌｕｘｄｉｓｅａｓｅ ,ＧＥＲＤ)的研究提供了有效手段 ,能对胃食管反流作定量分析 ,其敏感性、特异性高 ,被称为诊断ＧＥＲＤ的“金标准”〔1〕。在国内外已广泛用于临床研究和治疗〔2 ,3〕,现综述如下。2 4ｈ食管ｐＨ监测临床应用1.食管运动功能障碍和胃食管反流病的定性定量诊断食管运动功能障碍有原发性和继发性之分。ＧＥＲＤ是继发性食管运动功能障碍中的一种 ,包括反流引起的许多并发症 ,如各种程度的食管炎、短食管、食管狭窄和Ｂａｒｒｅｔｔ…     

食管癌围手术期胃食管反流pH监测分析及探讨

目的：了解食管癌与胃食管反流之间的关系。方法：对２３例食管癌病人进行了手术前食管２４小时ｐＨ监测，其中６例尚行了手术后胃食管２４小时ｐＨ监测。结果：食管癌病人手术前后均存在病理性食管反流，其反流液不单纯为酸性胃液，还含有十二指肠碱性反流成分。结论：应重视食管癌围手术期胃食管反流的检查与治疗，食管癌根治术中应设计相应的抗反流措施。     

用24小时食管pH监测法诊断食管原性胸痛

应用２４小时食管ＰＨ监测法检查３０例排除了食管形态学改变的胸痛患者，发现其中２６例ＰＨ值异常，存在异常胃食管反流。ＰＨ值昼夜异常者１６例，单纯白天异常者８例，单纯夜间异常者２例。胸痛与酸暴露相关者１８例。食管ＰＨ监测是诊断胃食管反流所致之食管原性胸痛的有效方法。该法对酸暴露、食管酸清除能力与胸痛关系的分析以及食管原性胸痛与心原性胸痛的鉴别具有重要作用。     

食管测压及24小时食管pH监测的临床应用

目的　对 95例食管测压及 2 4小时食管 p H监测患者的结果进行总结分析。　方法　采用 SG- 型消化道压力检测仪进行食管测压及 MK- 型胃肠动态 p H监测仪行 2 4小时食管 p H监测 ,其中 4 4例发作性胸痛同步进行 2 4小时 Holter监测。　结果　 13例贲门失弛缓症患者术前和术后食管末端括约肌压力和 2 4小时 p H监测De Meester评分差别有显著性意义 ( P<0 .0 1) ;4 4例发作性胸痛中明确为弥漫性食管痉挛 10例 ,异常酸反流 19例 ,可疑为心源性胸痛 2例 ,13例未能明确原因 ;食管癌切除食管胃底包套吻合术后 2 3例吻合口均有一高压区 ( 13.5 3±3.17mm Hg) ,15例有异常反流 ( De Meester评分为 97.5 8± 73.2 9) ;4例食管裂孔疝中有 3例存在严重胃食管反流而行手术治疗。　结论　食管测压及 2 4小时 p H监测对食管功能性疾病的诊断及某些食管手术效果的判定有重要意义。     

食管动力学及24小时食管pH监测在胸痛诊断中的意义

目的探讨食管动力学、24小时食管pH及24小时动态心电图监测对反复发作性胸痛的诊断价值. 方法对46例反复发作胸痛的患者进行食管动力学检测、24小时食管pH及24小时动态心电图监测,根据检查结果,给予相应治疗,并观察近期效果.结果 46例患者中发现非特异性食管功能障碍24例,其中伴有胃食管反流14例、心肌缺血4例;贲门失弛缓症5例,其中伴有胃食管反流1例;弥漫性食管痉挛4例,其中伴有胃食管反流4例、心肌缺血2例;胡桃夹食管(nutcracker esophagus)1例.结论对反复发作性胸痛患者联合食管测压、24小时食管pH和24小时动态心电图监测有助于食管源性及心源性胸痛的诊断,而且对其鉴别诊断亦有帮助.     

切除食管癌两种消化道重建方式术后胃食管反流的对比观察

目的：探讨食管癌切除后胃经食管床和经胸作弓上吻合者术后发生胃食管反流的差别。方法：对２５例病人在术后１～３个月间进行了残留食管内的２４小时ｐＨ监测。结果：（１）两种消化道重建方式病人的ｐＨ总得分、２４小时的总反流次数、＞５分钟的反流次数、最长反流时间和ｐＨ＜４的总时间均超出正常范围。（２）将食管床组和胸内组相比较，２４小时总反流次数差异无显著性（Ｐ＞００５），而其余４项指标食管床组明显低于胸内组（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：（１）两种消化道重建方式术后均在存胃食管反流。（２）胃经食管床吻合术后的反流量和反流持续时间明显低于胃经胸弓上吻合术。（３）胃经食管床吻合病人可以获得较好的生活质量。     

食管癌切除术后胃食管返流症

目的为了解食管癌切除胃食管吻合术后近期内患者发生胃食管返流的情况。方法对１０例正常人和３０例患者术后１～３月间进行了残留食管腔内连续２４小时ｐＨ监测。结果发现所有患者的ｐＨ总得分、２４小时返流次数、大于５分钟的返流次数、最长返流时间和ｐＨ＜４的总时间均明显高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时发现有明确胸骨后烧灼感、反酸、胸痛等胃食管返流症状者仅１１例，占总监测患者的３６．７％。结论所有胃食管吻合术后患者近期内均存在胃食管返流症，且多以无症状返流形式存在。对术后发生胃食管返流症的原因进行了分析并提出了相应的预防治疗措施。     

食管癌手术期胃食管反流pH监测分析及探讨

目的：了解食管癌与胃食管反流裼 关系。方法：对２３例食管癌病人进行了手术前食管２４小时ｐＨ监测,其中６例尚行手术后胃食管２４小时ｐＨ监测。结果;食管癌病人手术前后均存在病理性食管反流,其反流液不单纯为酸性胃液,还含有十二指肠碱反流城分。结论：应重视食管癌围手术期胃食管反流的检查与治疗,食管癌根治术中应设计相应的抗反流措施。     

管状胃成形对预防食管癌切除术后胃食管反流的作用

目的探讨管状胃成形对减轻食管癌切除术后胃食管反流症的作用。方法选取2006年7月至2007年6月收治的120例食管癌患者,按手术术式不同分为两组,管状胃手术组:男42例,女18例;中位年龄58岁;传统手术组:男44例,女16例;中位年龄61岁。术后3个月行食管24 h pH监测,将5 min的反流次数、反流百分率、最长反流时间指标与正常人进行比较。结果传统手术组术后有明显反流症状26例(43.33%),管状胃手术组12例(20.00%)。传统手术组5 min的反流次数、反流百分率和最长反流时间均大于正常人(t=2.826,P0.05;t=2.212,P0.05;t=2.951,P0.05);管状胃手术组患者仅最长反流时间大于正常人(t=2.303,P0.05);5min的反流次数、反流百分率和最长反流时间均短于传统手术组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.081,P0.05;t=2.050,P0.05;t=2.112,P0.05)。结论管状胃成形能有效降低食管癌术后胃食管反流的发生率。     

Surgical Prevention of Reflux after Esophagectomy for Cancer

Background

Reflux frequently occurs after a gastric conduit has replaced the resected esophagus. In this Swedish population-based cohort study, the potential antireflux effects of using cervical anastomosis, intrathoracic antireflux anastomosis, or pyloric drainage, and a risk of dysphagia due to cervical anastomosis and intrathoracic antireflux anastomosis were studied.

Methods

Patients undergoing esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction in 2001–2005 were included. Reflux symptoms and dysphagia were assessed 6 months and 3 years postoperatively using a validated questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-OES18). The study exposures were cervical anastomosis, antireflux anastomosis, and pyloric drainage procedure. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity-adjusted analyses based on multinomial logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for potential confounding.

Results

A total of 304 patients were included in the study. Adjusted ORs for reflux symptoms were 0.9 (95 % CI 0.3–2.2) for patients with a cervical anastomosis compared to patients with an intrathoracic anastomosis, 0.9 (95 % CI 0.4–2.0) for patients with an antireflux anastomosis versus patients with a conventional anastomosis, and 1.5 (95 % CI 0.9–2.6) for patients after pyloric drainage versus patients without such a pyloric drainage procedure. Dysphagia was not statistically significantly increased after cervical anastomosis or antireflux anastomosis. ORs were virtually similar 3 years after surgery. No interactions were identified. The propensity analyses rendered similar results as the logistic regression models, except for a possibly increased dysphagia with a cervical anastomosis.

Conclusions

Cervical anastomosis, antireflux anastomosis, and pyloric drainage do not seem to prevent reflux symptoms 6 months or 3 years after esophagectomy for cancer with a gastric conduit.     

管状胃在食管癌切除术颈部吻合中的应用

目的探讨管状胃在食管癌切除术食管胃颈部吻合中的临床应用,总结其经验。方法将苏北人民医院2007年1月至2009年1月经"颈、胸、腹"三切口手术治疗食管癌患者850例,按手术先后分成A、B两组。A组行管状胃代食管手术,共425例,男287例,女138例;年龄(58.2±11.5)岁,其中食管上段癌27例,食管中段癌346例,食管下段癌52例。B组行全胃代食管手术,共425例,男298例,女127例;年龄(58.5±12.8)岁,其中食管上段癌33例,食管中段癌338例,食管下段癌54例。观察两组患者手术时间、住院时间以及术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、胸胃综合征、反流性食管炎等术后并发症的发生情况。结果全组患者均顺利完成手术,无死亡患者,A、B两组手术时间[(175.0±12.8)min vs.(171.0±10.5)min,t=1.702,P>0.05]和术后住院时间[(16.0±8.5)dvs.(16.3±8.8)d,t=1.773,P>0.05]差异均无统计学意义。术后随访6个月,无失访,A组吻合口瘘(χ2=5.550,P<0.05),反流性食管炎(χ2=9.150,P<0.05),胸胃综合征(χ2=10.500,P<0.05)等并发症发生率比B组低,且差异有统计学意义。两组吻合口狭窄发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.120,P>0.05)。结论在经"颈、胸、腹"三切口治疗食管癌手术中,管状胃代食管更符合生理解剖要求,降低吻合口瘘、胸胃综合征及反流性食管炎等并发症发生率,改善患者术后生活质量。     

食管、贲门癌术后消化道胸腔瘘的诊断与治疗

目的总结食管、贲门癌患者术后消化道胸腔瘘的诊断和治疗经验,以提高该病的治愈率。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年12月收治的10例食管、贲门癌术后消化道胸腔瘘患者的临床资料,其中男8例,女2例;年龄41～78岁,中位年龄65岁。食管癌术后7例,贲门癌术后3例。发现消化道胸腔瘘距手术时间为16h～8d,平均4.2d。9例患者采用保守治疗,包括置入鼻空肠营养管行营养支持治疗,置胸腔闭式引流管引流冲洗,排出胸腔脓液,联合应用抗生素控制感染等措施。1例贲门癌患者行二次开胸手术治疗。结果围术期死亡1例,死于呼吸衰竭和多器官功能衰竭;其余患者均痊愈,恢复进食时间为术后20～87d,术后平均住院时间43d。随访9例,随访时间3～18个月,无死亡患者。术后3～6个月行上消化道X线钡餐造影及胃镜检查,除1例患者有重度反流外,无肿瘤复发、吻合口狭窄等并发症,生活质量良好。结论食管、贲门癌患者切除消化道重建后,无论何种手术方式均有可能发生消化道胸腔瘘,有脉率增快、心悸、气促、不能用基础疾病解释时应尽快行胸部CT和介入下泛影葡胺造影检查,并给予空肠营养管置入营养支持等综合治疗措施,可极大提高食管、贲门癌患者术后消化道胸腔瘘的治愈率。     

Long-Term Quality of Life after Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer

Background

Esophagectomy has a potentially high impact on physical, emotional, and social functions. The aim of this study was to assess long-term health-related quality of life (QOL) after esophageal cancer surgery.

Methods

We analyzed all patients who underwent an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for resectable esophageal cancer in our hospital from 1999 to 2010. QOL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer general questionnaire QLQ-C30 and esophagus-specific questionnaire QLQ-OES18.

Results

A total of 150 patients were operated in the surveyed 12-year period. At the time of analysis, 46 patients (31 %) were eligible for assessment, 97 patients (65 %) had died or experienced tumor recurrence, and seven patients (5 %) were lost to follow-up. Of the 46 eligible patients, 43 (94 %) returned the questionnaires. The median observation interval between the operation and QOL assessment was 40 (range 21–135) months. The QLQ-C30 mean score of global health status and general QOL was similar to that of a healthy reference population. Most of the QLQ-C30 mean scores of functional and symptom scales and QLQ-OES18 symptom scales showed a worse result than for a healthy reference population. The highest mean scores were reflux and eating problems.

Conclusions

In the long term, Ivor Lewis esophagectomy provides a generally good QOL for patients with esophageal cancer, which is comparable to a healthy reference population. However, some patients suffer from significant symptoms. Reflux and eating problems were the most relevant complaints. Dietary counseling is therefore important in the postoperative course.     

Outcome of Esophageal Function and 24-hour Esophageal pH Monitoring after Vertical Banded Gastroplasty and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Background: One of the co-morbidities frequently associated with morbid obesity is gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), present in >50 % of morbidly obese individuals. We compared the anti-reflux effect of vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), and their effect on esophageal function. Methods: 10 patients underwent VBG and 40 patients underwent RYGBP. Anthropometric parameters, symptomatology of GERD, esophageal manometry (EM), isotopic esophageal emptying (IEE) and 24hr esophageal pH monitoring were recorded in all patients preoperatively, and at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively. Results: Preoperatively, there was a high prevalence of GERD, symptomatic and pH-metric in both groups (57% and 80% respectively). The preoperative values of EM and IEE parameters were within the normal range in most patients. After surgery, there was an improvement at 3 months postoperatively in both groups. 1 year after surgery, the VBG group presented symptomatic GERD in 30% and pH-metric reflux in 60% of patients while the RYGBP group presented symptomatic GERD and pH-metric reflux in 12.5% and 15% of patients, respectively. There was an increase in postoperative sensation of dysphagia in both groups (70% VBG, 30% RYGBP) one year after operation. After surgery, differences in all EM parameters were minimal, and never reached statistical significance for any group (VBG and RYGBP). The IEE showed a significantly higher percentage of esophageal retention after surgery, but this retention was always within the normal range. Both groups had an improvement in anthropometric parameters, but 1 year after surgery the results were significantly better in RYGBP patients (70% excess weight loss) than in VBG patients (46% excess weight loss). Conclusion: >50% of morbidly obese individuals suffer from GERD. We did not find changes in esophageal function of morbidly obese patients to explain their gastroesophageal reflux preoperatively and postoperatively. EM and IEE studies are not indicated as standard preoperative tests, except in patients with significant symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. RYGBP is significantly better than VBG as an anti-reflux procedure, and had better weight loss.     

Long-Term Quality of Life After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer

BackgroundSurgery, as part of a multimodal approach, offers the greatest chance of cure for esophageal cancer. However, esophagectomy is often perceived as having a lasting impact on quality of life (QOL), biasing some physicians and patients toward nonoperative management. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic changes in patient-centered outcomes is therefore important for decision making. Our objective was to determine the long-term QOL after esophagectomy.MethodsData were obtained from a prospectively collected (2006-2015) esophagectomy database at a high-volume center, and patients surviving 3 or more years were identified. Health-related QOL was evaluated using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Esophageal Module (FACT-E) at diagnosis and every 3 to 6 months, and was stratified according to operative approach, stage, and complications. In addition, QOL scores were compared with normative population values.ResultsOf 480 patients, 47% (n = 226) survived 3 or more years and 70% (158 of 226) completed the health-related QOL assessments. Time of follow-up was 5.1 ± 2.8 years. After a reduction at 1 to 3 months, FACT-E increased from a baseline of 126 (95% CI, 121-131) to 133 (95% CI, 127-139) at 12 months, and to 147 (95% CI, 142-153) by 5 years. There was no difference in long-term FACT-E with respect to the surgical approach, clinical and pathologic stage, or postoperative complications. At long-term follow-up (more than 3 years), QOL did not differ significantly from the normative population reference values.ConclusionsThe long-term QOL of esophagectomy patients surviving at least 3 years is improved when compared with the time of diagnosis and does not differ from the general population.     

电视胸腔镜辅助下食道癌切除术

目的探讨右胸电视胸腔镜应用于食道癌切除术的临床效果. 方法回顾性分析我院自1999年10月～2003年11月间23例电视胸腔镜辅助下食道癌切除术患者的临床资料.均经右胸胸腔镜完成胸腔、纵隔的探查及食道周围的游离,然后经颈部、腹部切口离断食管,再经颈部切口完成食管-胃底吻合.另选择同期行常规手术的食道癌患者作为对照. 结果 23例患者的手术时间、出血量、吻合口瘘等与同期常规手术患者无明显差别,但开胸后疼痛轻,肺部并发症少,术后患者恢复快,住院时间短. 结论电视胸腔镜辅助下食道癌切除手术有微创的优势,可作为部分患者的手术选择方式.