原发性肝癌患者手术前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和自然杀伤细胞活性的变化

[目的]探讨原发性肝癌患者手术前后外周血T细胞亚群和自然杀伤细胞活性的变化.[方法]采用碱性磷酸酶抗碱性磷酸酶酶标法(APAAP法)检测40例原发性肝癌患者手术前后和40例健康对照组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和自然杀伤细胞活性的水平.[结果]肝癌患者手术前T细胞亚群中CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 比值和自然杀伤细胞活性明显低于正常对照组(均为P＜0.005),而CD8 细胞高于正常对照组(P＜0.05);手术切除肿瘤2周后,患者CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 比值和自然杀伤细胞活性均较术前明显升高(均为P＜0.05), CD8 细胞数下降(P＜0.05).[结论]原发性肝癌患者的细胞免疫功能受到严重抑制,而手术切除病灶可以积极恢复病人的细胞免疫功能.原发性肝癌患者外周血T细胞亚群和自然杀伤细胞活性的变化是反应患者机体细胞免疫功能状态和判断肝癌手术疗效的重要指标,对肝癌的综合治疗有一定的指导意义.     

SLE患者激素治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群变化及其临床意义

为了探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者应用激素治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,我们应用碱性磷酸酶——抗碱性磷酸酶(APAAP)法,观察了36例SLE患者激素治疗前、后外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,并以30例正常人作对照。结果表明:活动性SLE患者T淋巴细胞亚群改变,主要是CD8~ 细胞下降和CD~ 细胞升高,使CD4~ /CD8~ 比值明显升高。激素治疗6～8周后,CD8~ 细胞明显上升以及CD4~ /CD8~ 细胞比值正常。从而提示CD4~ /CD8~ 细胞比值的变化可望作为激素治疗SLE的疗效估计和病情活动与否的参考指标之一。     

T细胞亚群测定鉴别结核性与癌性胸腔积液

目的　探讨T细胞亚群对结核性和癌性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断意义。方法　采用碱性磷酸酶抗磷酸酶 (APAAP)法测定结核性和癌性胸腔积液患者外周血及胸腔积液中T淋巴细胞亚群。结果　结核性胸腔积液及外周血CD3、CD4T淋巴细胞亚群体均高于癌性胸腔积液组 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,且癌性胸腔积液CD4/CD8比例倒置。结论　T淋巴细胞亚群的测定有助于结核性与癌性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断     

躁狂症患者T淋巴细胞亚群分析

目的：观察躁狂症患者治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群的情况。方法：用碱性磷酸酶－抗碱性磷酸酶（APAAP）法检测32例躁狂症患者和30名健康对照组的外赂血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果：治疗前患者组外周血的CD3水平明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）,而两组的CD4、CD8及CD4／CD8水平差异不显著（P＞0．05）;治疗后躁狂症患者外周血的CD3、CD4、CD8比治疗前有显著下降（P＜0．05）。结论：躁狂症患者存在细胞免疫功能异常。     

黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者外周血T细胞亚群的研究

目的 :探讨黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者外周血 T淋巴细胞亚群的变化 ,了解该病患者机体免疫平衡状态。方法 :使用单克隆抗体碱性磷酸酶抗碱性磷酸酶法 (APAAP)检测 4 0例黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者和 4 0例正常人外周血 T淋巴细胞亚群 ,并作对照分析。结果 :黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离组的 CD3+ 、CD4 + 细胞与细胞总数的比值较正常对照组低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,CD8+细胞的比值高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,CD4 + / CD8+的比值比正常对照组低 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者存在细胞免疫调节功能紊乱的情况     

晚期恶性肿瘤患者化疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群监测及临床意义

目的:探讨晚期恶性肿瘤患者化疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+）数值的变化及临床意义。方法:收集50例晚期恶性肿瘤患者,根据病种及临床分期进行标准方案化疗;采集患者首次化疗前和2个周期化疗后外周血标本,通过流式细胞仪检测T淋巴结细胞亚群在化疗前后的数值及比值,分析T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化。结果:50例晚期恶性肿瘤患者2个周期化疗后外周血CD3+、CD3+CD4+T淋巴细胞数目均显著低于首次化疗前（P<0.01）。CD3+CD8+T淋巴细胞数目在2个周期化疗后均高于首次化疗前（P<0.01）;CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+细胞比值在2个周期后均明显降低（P<0.01）。结论:晚期恶性肿瘤患者可以通过监测外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群数目评估患者免疫功能状态,并指导治疗及判断预后。     

支原体肺炎患者肺泡灌洗液中T细胞亚群的检测

目的:观察T细胞亚群在支原体肺炎中的变化,探讨其在支原体肺炎发病中的作用。方法:采集肺炎支原体患者及对照组肺泡灌洗液(BALF),采用单克隆抗体-碱性磷酸酶法(APAAP)进行T淋巴细胞亚群检测(CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8)。结果:在55例支原体肺炎患者中,T细胞亚群CD3、CD4降低、CD8增高、CD4/CD8比值降低,与对照组间有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:免疫功能低下可能在支原体肺炎疾病的发病过程中起到重要作用,支原体肺炎患者的CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8存在一定的变化规律。     

AIDS病人外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和IL-6、IL-8水平的变化

①目的　探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (AIDS)病人外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、白细胞介素 8(IL 8)水平的变化。②方法　采用碱性磷酸酶抗碱性磷酸酶 (APAAP)法和夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测 4例AIDS病人和 2 0例健康人T淋巴细胞亚群和IL 6、IL 8水平的变化。③结果　AIDS病人CD2、CD4、CD4 /CD8明显降低 ,而CD8和IL 6、IL 8则明显增高 ,与对照组比较差异均有极显著性 (t或t′=4 .37～ 17.19,P <0 .0 0 1)。④结论　T淋巴细胞亚群和IL 6、IL 8的检测可作为观察AIDS病人病情及监测治疗反应的一种手段     

结直肠癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞检测的临床意义

目的:探讨结直肠癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞检测的临床意义及与健康人的差异.方法:采用流式细胞仪测定结直肠癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞哑群和NK细胞的活性,以健康人作对照分析.结果:结直肠癌患者外周血CD3+、CD4+、NK细胞数量及CD4+/CD8+比值较正常对照组均明显下降(P<0.05),而CD8+细胞水平显著升高.外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞数量的改变与结直肠癌临床病理分期有关,分期越晚,CD3+、CD4+及NK细胞数量CD4+/CD8+细胞比值越低,CD8+细胞水平越高;Ⅰ、Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者与Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者之间有显著差异(P<0.05).结论:检测淋巴细胞亚群对判断患者的免疫功能、预测肿瘤患者的预后以及指导临床合理应用免疫增强药物均有重要意义.     

病毒性心肌炎患儿T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎患儿不同阶段T淋巴细胞免疫功能状况，为估计病情和治疗提供依据。方法对病毒性心肌炎患儿（n=20）和健康查体儿（n=13）采用改良碱性磷酸酶—抗碱性磷酸酶（APAAP）法对照检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3^ ,CD4^ ,CD8^ ,CD4^ /CD8^ ）含量。结果病毒性心肌炎患儿急性期CD4^ ,CD8^ 细胞百分率及CD4^ /CD8^ 比值降低，与对照组比较差异有意义（P＜0.05）；恢复期CD4^ ,CD8^ ,CD4^ /CD8^ 比值升高，与对照组比较差异无明显性（P＞0.05）。结论病毒性心肌炎急性期T淋巴细胞亚群表达太比例失调，细胞免疫功能紊乱。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.