352例耻骨后前列腺癌根治术的手术配合

目的总结前列腺癌根治术手术配合经验,为持续性提高手术配合品质提供参考。方法对352例于全身麻醉联合硬膜外麻醉下行前列腺癌根治术的患者,予术前访视和完善各项准备,置仰面平卧折刀位;术中巡回护士确保手术所需条件,器械护士熟悉手术过程,高度集中注意力,与术者默契配合。结果 352例患者手术时间平均3.0 h,术程顺利,于复苏室生命体征及血气分析指标正常后送返病房监护室。结论充分的术前准备和熟练的手术配合是手术成功的重要保障。     

经腹膜外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术

自1997年Schuesswler等报道腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(laparoscopic radical prostatectomy,LRP)以来,LRP由于其微创、良好的手术视野以及患者较快的恢复时间,逐渐得到普及.掌握这项技术有较长的学习过程,如何缩短这一学习过程,是泌尿外科医师关注的重点之一,本文回顾性分析2005年4月至2009年10月应用腹腔镜手术治疗的33例前列腺癌根治性切除术患者的资料,报导如下.     

耻骨后前列腺癌根治术联合内分泌治疗T_3N_1期前列腺癌

探讨前列腺癌根治术联合早期内分泌治疗盆淋巴结阳性前列腺癌(T3N1期)的安全性及疗效。方法 25例T3N1前列腺癌患者,采用耻骨后前列癌根治术,术后应用抗雄治疗9个月。术后分析患者的生存时间、盆淋巴结侵袭数目、切缘阳性率、并发症发生率、控尿恢复时间、生化复发及肿瘤进展情况。结果所有患者手术均获成功,25例术后病理均为盆淋巴结阳性,其中双侧阳性2例,单侧阳性23例,2例为淋巴管内癌。术后切缘阳性者10(40%)例。除1例术后出现尿道直肠漏外无其他严重并发症。所有患者术后均获得良好控尿,平均控尿恢复时间3.5月(0天～9个月)。平均随访时间30.5个月(15～57个月),无一例死亡。20例术后无PSA进展复发。术后生化复发者5例。结论前列腺癌根治术联合早期内分泌治疗T3N1期前列腺癌是安全的,并能获得良好术后控瘤效果和长期生存。     

开放性耻骨后前列腺癌根治术后勃起功能保留的预测指标

对于诊断为局限性前列腺癌的患者行开放性耻骨后前列腺癌根治术,术后的勃起功能障碍是他们主要关心的问题之一。纽约大学的Marien T等通过研究确证了几个可以预测开放性耻骨后前列腺癌根治术后勃起功能是否保留的预测指标。作者选择2000年10月到2005年9月间接受开放性耻骨后前列腺癌根治术的1110名患者作为研究对象,采用加州大学洛杉矶分校的20项前列腺指标（UCLA—PCI）作为评估前列腺癌患者生活质量的量表,由患者在入组时,及术后的第3、6、12、24个月时自行填写。     

3477例耻骨后前列腺癌根治术患者性功能、控尿及并发症分析

前列腺癌根治术是治疗早期前列腺癌最有效的方法，但由于惧怕术后并发症，许多患者放弃了手术机会。本文对1983年5月至2003年2月3477例连续进行的保留神经的前列腺癌根治术患者的勃起功能、控尿情况和术后并发症进行了分析。所有手术均由同一位外科医生完成，术中视情况保留单侧或双侧神经。     

经会阴前列腺癌根治术28例报告

目的 探讨经会阴前列腺癌根治术在早期局限性前列腺癌治疗中的应用价值。方法 总结28例临床分期T1a～T2b前列腺癌患者经会阴前列腺癌根治术临床资料。经直肠B超引导下前列腺穿刺活检，证实为前列腺腺癌，Gleason评分2～4分13例，5～7分15例。血清PSA2．3～16．6ng／ml，平均9．2ng／ml。术前CT或MRI检查确定前列腺癌局限于前列腺包膜内，胸部、脊椎与骨盆X线平片、ECT均未发现远处转移灶。临床分期T1a～Tb3例，T1a5例，T213例，T2b7例。结合血清PSA、临床分期和GMason评分预测临床早期前列腺癌的病理分期均在T2内，28例均行经会阴前列腺癌根治术，未行盆腔淋巴结切除。结果 术后保留导尿5d，拔除导尿管后，23例患者控尿良好，4例患者有3～7d短暂的尿失禁。发生尿道直肠瘘1例，术后2个月瘘道自行愈合。术后病理：肿瘤局限于前列腺包膜内27例，有单侧包膜外浸润（T3a）1例。28例术后随访6～30个月。术后3个月PSA〈0．04ng／ml24例，1例〈0．01ng／ml，2例未检测到PSA。1例切缘阳性（T3a）、术后PSA持续升高者，行双侧睾丸切除。术后6个月20例同时复查胸部X线片和全身骨扫描，未发现远处转移病灶。结论 经会阴前列腺癌根治术治疗早期局限性前列腺癌在肿瘤控制和排尿控制方面有突出优势，结合PSA、临床分期和Gleason评分选择的病例，不需行盆腔淋巴结切除。     

经腹腔途径腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术并发症的预防及处理

前列腺癌是西方国家发病率最高的肿瘤,也是男性患者致死率第二位的肿瘤.在中国,前列腺癌的发病率和死亡率也逐年上升.腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术已经成为治疗局限性前列腺癌的标准治疗方案之一.该手术的主要并发症包括:血管损伤、直肠损伤、吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、性功能障碍等.本文分享我们在经腹腔途径腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的经验,探讨该术式相关并发症的预防和处理.     

临床局限性前列腺癌行前列腺癌根治术后生化复发的可能性预测

作者回顾性分析了一组临床局限性前列腺癌行经耻骨后前列腺癌根治术的患者 ,以确定预测前列腺癌生化复发的临床和病理危险因素。 1982年至 1999年 ,2 0 91例临床局限性前列腺癌患者(临床分期为T1c或T2 期 ,Gleason评分≥ 5分 )行经耻骨后前列腺癌根治术和淋巴结切除术 ,前列腺癌根治术后PSA升高≥ 0 .2ng/ml诊断为生化复发。通过统计学分析建立两个模型 ,第 1个模型只考虑术前因素 ,第 2个模型考虑所有可能的因素。结果显示 :随访中位时间 5 .9年 (1～ 17年 ) ,36 0例患者 (17% )生化复发。 5、10及 15年无生化复发的生存率分别为 84 %、…     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术

目的总结腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的经验。方法2004年9月～2005年12月,我科对8例早期局限性前列腺癌行经腹腔腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术,游离前列腺直肠间隙达前列腺尖部,游离膀胱前间隙及耻骨后间隙,缝扎阴茎背深静脉后离断膀胱颈部,重建膀胱颈并与尿道吻合。结果8例腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术均获成功,无一例中转开放手术。手术时间270～420min,平均325min;术中出血量300～1600ml,平均580ml,其中1例由于术中损伤阴茎背深静脉大出血1600ml,需要输血4例。标本切缘阳性1例。术后膀胱尿道吻合口尿漏2例;术后2周拔除导尿管,出现尿失禁2例,1例尿失禁在随访6个月后尿控能力恢复,另1例尿失禁仍存在。8例术后随访10～24个月,平均16个月,排尿均通畅,未出现生化复发现象。结论熟悉前列腺的局部解剖、有良好的腹腔镜器械辅助及熟悉掌握各种腹腔镜下操作技术是开展此手术的关键。     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术一例报告

我们在动物实验基础上 ,于 2 0 0 0年11月成功完成 1例腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术 ,报告如下。资料与方法　患者 ,男 ,70岁。反复出现排尿困难 ,加重 1个月 ,于 2 0 0 0年 9月入院。直肠指诊前列腺Ⅰ° ,质韧 ,未触及硬结。血ＰＳＡ 17.6ｎｇ/ｍｌ,游离ＰＳＡ 0 .3ｎｇ/ｍｌ,ＰＳＡ密度 (ＰＳＡＤ) >0 .45。直肠Ｂ超示前列腺 4.2ｃｍ× 3.3ｃｍ× 3.1ｃｍ ,前列腺周围带见一低回声区。按国际标准于Ｂ超引导下行前列腺穿刺活检[1] 。病理报告 :外周带、移行带均发现低分化前列腺癌浸润。常规检查 :心、肺、肝、肾功能正常 ,全身骨扫描和盆腔ＣＴ未…     

腹部皮肤横切口在前列腺切除术中的应用研究

目的:探讨腹部皮肤横切口在耻骨上前列腺切除术中的优势。方法:于2001年2月至2004年9月期间,将41名因BPH行耻骨上前列腺切除术的患者随机分为纵切口组20例及横切口组21例。并对两组的结果进行比较和统计分析。结果:横切口在术中及术后出血量、切口长度以及术后肛门恢复排气时间上均优于纵切口,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与腹部皮肤纵切口耻骨上前列腺切除术相比,皮肤横切口术式具有暴露好、术中及术后出血少、手术时间短、术后肠道功能恢复较快、切口愈合好且较美观等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

集束血管钳在根治性前列腺或膀胱切除术中的应用

目的：探讨集束血管钳在根治性前列腺与膀胱切除术中控制背静脉丛出血与减少尿道括约肌损伤的作用。方法：对14例前列腺癌、膀胱癌患者在行根治性前列腺或膀胱切除术中应用集束血管钳完成背静脉丛的结扎切断。结果：14例手术均顺利完成。术中来自背静脉丛的出血可以得到有效的控制,出血量明显减少;不必对尿道与周围支持组织做过多游离,因而使尿道括约肌功能得到保护。结论：集束血管钳对术中控制背静脉丛出血与减少尿道括约肌损伤具有重要作用。     

Open radical retropubic prostatectomy

For more than two decades, open radical prostatectomy has been considered the gold standard for the surgical management of prostate cancer. More recently, however, laparoscopic and now robotic approaches to radical prostatectomy have become increasingly popular. It is unclear whether these techniques are associated with any material advantage with regard to short-term convalescence. In addition, the high positive surgical margin rates reported with robotic prostatectomy are concerning, particularly early in the learning curve. Additional experience with these methods and long-term follow-up data are necessary to determine whether the cancer control and functional outcomes meet the standards of open radical prostatectomy.     

前列腺癌根治术中保护控尿功能的体会

目的：减少耻骨后前列腺癌根治术患者术后尿失禁发生率。方法：对16例B超前列腺癌患者行保护控尿功能的解剖性耻骨后前列腺癌根治术。结果：16例术后随访3个月-5年，平均13个月。膀胱控尿正常者13例，轻度压力性尿失禁者2例，严重尿失禁者1例。结论：在行耻骨后前列腺癌根治术时，认识尿道括约肌及其支配神经的解剖位置及结构，避免对其损伤可以减少术后尿失禁发生率。     

Open retropubic radical prostatectomy

Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a common treatment choice for localized prostate cancer. While there is increasing utilisation of robotic assisted RP in some centres, open RP (ORP) remains well established and commonly performed in many parts of the world. The goals of modern ORP are to remove the prostate en-bloc with negative surgical margins, while minimising blood loss and preserving urinary continence and erectile function. We present a technical review of ORP incorporating contemporary techniques for control of the deep venous complex, additional haemostatic measures, nerve-sparing and vesicourethral reconstruction.     

Apical dissection during radical retropubic prostatectomy without ligature

During radical retropubic prostatectomy, hemostasis of the venous vascular plexus is of the utmost importance for avoiding excessive blood loss and ensuring optimal preservation of urethral length, complete extirpation of all apical prostatic notches and careful preservation of the parasympathetic nerves ('neurovascular bundles'). We have developed a careful bipolar coagulation of the venous plexus that results in a significant reduction of intra-operative blood loss, and the consequent need for transfusion, compared to the standard approach. Furthermore, this coagulation approach results in improved visibility, allowing maximum preservation of urethral length, complete extirpation of all apical prostatic notches and improved application of the nerve sparing technique compared to the standard approach. Follow-up after a mean of 14 months suggests that postoperative continence and potency is at least comparable to the standard approach. However, long-term follow-up and multicenter studies will show if this modification results in equally effective cancer control and equivalent functional results compared to the standard approach.     

Adverse prognostic significance of capsular incision with radical retropubic prostatectomy

PURPOSE: The prognostic significance of capsular incision (CPI) at radical retropubic prostatectomy remains to be defined. To evaluate this we compared prostate specific antigen recurrence for with CPI to that with established pathological groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1998 to December 2000, 409 men underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy at our medical center. CPI was defined as a positive posterior, lateral or posterolateral surgical margin without documented extraprostatic extension (EPE). Excluding patients with preoperative androgen ablation, positive lymph nodes or seminal vesicle involvement there were 129 with organ confined disease and negative surgical margins (pT2/-M), 18 with CPI, 29 with EPE and negative surgical margins (pT3a/-M), and 24 with EPE and positive surgical margins (pT3a/+M). We compared time to biochemical recurrence among these 4 groups using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to determine the HR of CPI vs the other groups, while controlling for age, prostate specific antigen, tumor volume and Gleason score. RESULTS: The 3-year likelihood of freedom from biochemical recurrence in the CPI group was 65%, for pT2/-M it was 96%, for pT3a/-M it was 91% and for pT3a/+M it was 58%. The adjusted HR with the 95% CI showed that the risk of biochemical recurrence with CPI was 8.4 times higher than that with pT2/-M (p = 0.002), 5.9 times higher than that with pT3a/-M (p = 0.046) and the same as that with pT3a/+M (p = 0.840). CONCLUSIONS: Isolated posterior, lateral and posterolateral CPI by our definition occurs not uncommonly and it may represent true incision of the capsule and/or difficulty in diagnosing EPE due to a lack of extraprostatic tissue in the surgical specimen. However, the prognostic significance of CPI as defined appears similar to that of pT3a with positive margins.     

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: the Frankfurt technique

The robotic technique, which was first introduced in laparoscopic heart surgery, has revolutionized laparoscopic surgery over the last 5 years. In May 2000, our department accomplished the first robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Since that time we have performed more than 118 such procedures and several other laparoscopic operations using the robotic technique. We here summarize our experience in robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy as it has been developed over the past 3 years. Between May 2000 and May 2003, 118 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were operated using the telerobotic da Vinci Surgical System. Operations were performed with a senior surgeon at the console, assisted by an assistant and a nurse at the operating table. Bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection was undertaken as a first step in all patients. In the initial 60 cases, we investigated different laparoscopic approaches. We used transperitoneal as well as extraperitoneal approaches. For dissection of the prostate we used ascending, descending as well as combined techniques. The combined ascending and descending technique via the transperitoneal route was chosen in 30 patients, and via the extraperitoneal route in seven patients. A modification of the descending Montsouris technique was performed in 81 patients. The robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with the da Vinci system has been well standardized. After performing more than 100 radical prostatectomies with this system, we conclude that in our hands the Mountsouris technique with only minor adoptions is the most appropriate technique for performing robot assisted radical prostatectomy.