腹腔镜下子宫切除术

近十年来妇科手术已经经典剖腹术转向“最少损伤”的腹腔镜手术，旨在 类的健康和生活水平。腹腔镜下子宫切除术作为一种具有挑战性的新术式，扩大了阴式子宫切除的指征，避免了腹部大切口，并发症少，病人住院时间短，恢复快。但手术时间长、费用高，且要求术者有精细有操作技巧及特殊的仪器设备。帮其客观的评价，应用的前景及广泛的推广有待于时间的推移和经验的积累。本文综述了腹腔镜下子宫切除术的指征、术前处理、手术步骤与     

子宫动静脉预处理在腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术中的应用

我科采用腹腔镜下预先处理子宫动静脉后行腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术（LAVH）,取得良好效果,现报道如下。     

腹腔镜子宫切除术式的研究

目的:总结腹腔镜子宫切除术的临床价值。方法:在腹腔镜下对330例患者施行子宫切除术,与170例剖腹术进行比较,就术式选择、手术优越性、适应证、并发症进行对比分析。结果:腹腔镜辅助的经阴道子宫切除术式(LAVH)受子宫大小及膀胱反折腹膜粘连的影响,适用于子宫小于16孕周尤其是临床高度怀疑子宫肌瘤或内膜恶变患者。腹腔镜筋膜内宫颈上子宫切除术(CISH)可保持阴道及盆底正常解剖结构的完整性,切除宫颈癌的好发部位,而且手术受子宫大小及其与周围粘连的限制少。腹腔镜施行子宫手术具有术中出血量少及手术时间不延长、术后病率低、住院时间短、术后恢复快等优点。结论:腹腔镜子宫切除手术具有微创、效优的特点,值得临床推广使用。     

子宫切除术后输尿管阴道瘘

子宫切除术后输尿管阴道瘘（山东省立医院妇产科）１病例摘要患者４７岁，４０天前因子宫肌瘤在某区医院行金子宫切除术。术后第１天出现腹痛、腹胀，进行性加重，腹部逐渐增大如７～８个月妊娠，尿量少。术后３天行腹腔穿刺抽出淡黄色液体，怀疑肝硬化腹水。术后７天拆线...     

应用电视腹腔镜行阴式子宫切除术

应用电视腹腔镜行阴式子宫切除术陈萍李光仪李斌１９９４年９月至１９９６年６月，我科行电视腹腔镜手术２９３例，其中腹腔镜协助阴式子宫切除（ＬＡＶＨ）５３例。现报道如下。一、手术方法全部病例采用连续硬膜外麻醉。取膀胱截石位，臀高头低，经阴道放入举宫棒以操纵...     

腹腔镜下子宫次全切除术与腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术的比较

目前欧美内镜技术先进的医院,70%的妇科剖腹手术已由腹腔镜手术所取代[1]。随着微创技术的不断开展,阴式子宫切除术的开展日趋广泛[2]。2000年10月至2004年12月我院共行腹腔镜子宫切除术112例[腹腔镜下子宫次全切除术(LSH)和腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术(LAVH)],现报道如下。1资料     

腹腔镜广泛性子宫切除术严重并发症的防治

文章阐述了腹腔镜广泛性子宫切除术相关的膀胱、输尿管、大血管、直肠损伤,以及深静脉血栓形成,肿瘤播散与切口转移等严重并发症的预防和处理.     

腹腔镜根治性子宫切除术

自1987年首例腹腔镜辅助的根治性子官切除术及盆腹腔淋巴清扫术被报道以来,腹腔镜在妇科恶性肿瘤治疗中的应用发展迅速.多中心的临床研究结果显示,腹腔镜手术与开腹手术比较,具有术后痛苦小、住院时间短、恢复快等优点.     

腹腔镜下子宫切除术中输尿管损伤的临床表现及处理

目的：探讨腹腔镜子宫切除术中输尿管损伤的发生、诊断、治疗及预防。方法：回顾性分析河南省人民医院2011年7月至2014年7月3年间腹腔镜子宫切除术中6例输尿管损伤的病例资料。结果3589例腹腔镜子宫切除术中,共发生6例输尿管损伤,发生率约为0．17％,其中1例术中及时发现,并采取腹腔镜下输尿管端-端吻合术＋输尿管置管术（D-T管,下同）;1例术后6小时因腹腔引流液多而发现,及时开腹行手术修复;4例晚期发现者,均行膀胱镜下输尿管置管,3个月后拔管,3例治愈,1例再次出现尿瘘行二次开腹手术修补。结论：早期发现并修复输尿管损伤,患者预后转归好,并能减少远期后遗症,诸如输尿管狭窄、瘘管形成或肾功能衰竭的发生。     

腹腔镜下子宫切除术的探讨

目前医学已进入微创时代,在许多同等适应证情况下,经腹手术逐渐被腹腔镜手术替代。妇科腹腔镜手术技术不断完善,涵盖疾病范围扩大,已从单纯检查性腹腔镜发展为治疗性腹腔镜,已成为妇科良性疾病的首选手术方式。子宫切除是妇科最常见的手术方法,主要用于治疗子宫肿瘤、子宫出血等疾病。子宫切除手术的方式已经不再局限于传统的经腹全子宫切除术,腹腔镜下子宫切除术可使患者避免开腹痛苦,在创伤、术后恢复、并发症及临床效果等方面具有明显优势。但随着腹腔镜下子宫切除手术的广泛开展,其局限性亦进一步被大家所认知。通过对比分析,探讨该术式的优势及缺点,为妇科腹腔镜手术的有效开展及全子宫切除术式的合理选择提供可靠的理论依据。     

Operative outcomes of single-port-access laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy compared with single-port-access total laparoscopic hysterectomy

ObjectiveThis study aims to compare between operative outcomes of single-port-access laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (SPA-LAVH) and single-port-access total laparoscopic hysterectomy (SPA-TLH), further subdivided by vaginal cuff closure via laparoscopic suture (VCC-L) or via the vaginal route (VCC-V).Materials and methodsA custom-made port was used for single-port laparoscopy in 111 patients who underwent SPA-LAVH (n = 33), SPA-TLH with VCC-L (n = 35), and SPA-TLH with VCC-V (n = 43) during October 2009–October 2010. Records were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsA significant difference in the operating time was observed among the groups (p = 0.009). SPA-TLH with VCC-L took a significantly longer time to be performed (118.6 ± 41.8 minutes) than SPA-TLH with VCC-V (98.6 ± 21.3 minutes) or SPA-LAVH (102.0 ± 20.3 minutes). The decrease in hemoglobin level on the 1^st day postsurgery was significantly smaller in case of SPA-LAVH (1.56 ± 0.97 g/dL, p = 0.005) compared with that in case of SPA-TLH with VCC-L (2.19 ± 0.95 g/dL) and SPA-TLH with VCC-V (2.24 ± 0.95 g/dL). No significant differences in other surgical outcomes were found.ConclusionSPA-TLH with laparoscopic vaginal suture required the longest operating time, and hemoglobin changes were smaller in the SPA-LAVH group than in the other groups. In patients undergoing SPA laparoscopy, we recommend the SPA-LAVH procedure.     

An intention-to-treat study of total laparoscopic hysterectomy

Objective

To present the experience of a single provider with total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) for benign gynecological pathology in order to promote awareness of the feasibility and merits of this minimally-invasive procedure.

Methods

An intention-to-treat prospective study was conducted in a suburban gynecological practice in Central Georgia, USA. The study data were collected over a 7-year period.

Results

From March 2003 to December 2009, 623 total laparoscopic hysterectomies including 379 pure laparoscopic hysterectomies (without additional procedures) were performed and 12 patients were referred to a gyn-oncologist. The majority of our patients (93.6%) had a uterine weight of less than 500 g. The median operative time was 60 minutes for pure total laparoscopic hysterectomies. There were 14 intraoperative organ injuries of which 13 were repaired intraoperatively and no returns to the operation room within the first 24 hours. The average hospital charges for TLH were US $13 468 with an average length of stay of 1 day. The average charges for total abdominal hysterectomy were US $12 514 with an average length of stay of 2.3 days.

Conclusion

An advanced laparoscopist can replace the majority of inpatient total abdominal hysterectomies performed for benign indications with outpatient total laparoscopic hysterectomy.     

Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy: comparison with total laparoscopic hysterectomy and abdominal radical hysterectomy; one surgeon's experience at the Norwegian Radium Hospital

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the 3 years follow-up results regarding the recurrence pattern of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomies and pelvic lymphadenectomies in the early stage cervical carcinoma patients and compare the results with both total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and abdominal radical hysterectomy groups.

Methods

A total of 68 patients underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for early stage cervical carcinoma management. All cases (35 robot-assisted, 7 cases laparoscopy and 26 with laparotomy) were operated by the same surgeon at the Norwegian Radium Hospital. All cases were retrospectively reviewed to compare demographics, peri-operative variables such as mean operative time, estimated blood loss, lymph node counts, complications and follow-up results.

Results

The mean operating times (skin-to-skin) for patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (RALRH), total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (TLRH) or abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) were 263 ± 70, 364 ± 57 and 163 ± 26 min respectively. Patients receiving laparotomy had shortest operative time, followed by those undergoing RALRH and then laparoscopy (p < 0.0001 for both). Estimated blood loss was significantly reduced in robot-assisted surgeries compared to surgeries involving laparoscopy and laparotomy (82 ± 74 ml vs. 164 ± 131 ml (p < 0.0001) and 595 ± 284 ml (p = 0.023), respectively). The mean follow-up times were 36 ± 14.4, 56.4 ± 14 and 70 ± 21 months in patients who underwent RALRH, TLRH and ARH respectively. Until now there have been 5 recurrences and one cervical cancer related death in the robot-assisted group and no recurrences in both the laparoscopy and the laparotomy group.One patient died due to primary lung cancer in the laparoscopic group and other patient died due to primary pancreatic cancer in the laparotomy group.

Conclusions

Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection is feasible and more precise because the instruments provide better flexibility and 3-D vision. We must proceed cautiously, however, if a new treatment modality appears to present an increased recurrence rate. Therefore, patients submitted to robot-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy should be followed carefully and RALRH would be encouraged as protocol setting until the long-term oncological outcome data are available.     

Fellowship learning curve associated with completing a robotic assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy

Objective

To describe the learning curve associated with training fellows in completing robotic assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomies.

Methods

All patients scheduled to undergo a robotic procedure at our institution from 5/15/07 to 5/22/12 were identified. Fellow participation per procedure was documented. The learning curve of fellows for the time to complete a hysterectomy (from initiation of developing the retroperitoneal space to the completion of the colpotomy) was analyzed.

Results

Of the 1754 planned robotic cases, 1626 were completed robotically and 128 were converted to laparotomy. Fifty-seven fellows participated in 99.7% of the cases. Eleven gynecologic oncology fellows completed at least 1 robotic assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy. From 7/7/08 to 5/21/12, 981 hysterectomies were completed robotically, 254 of these (25.9%) by the 11 fellows. Prior to completing a hysterectomy, the median number of hysterectomies in which a fellow participated was 16 (range, 11–40). Median amount of time for a fellow to complete a hysterectomy decreased from 60 min in 2009 (N = 27 cases) to 31 min in 2011 (N = 148 cases). Based on the recorded completion times in which the 11 fellows completed a hysterectomy, it required ~ 33 cases per fellow to be able to perform the hysterectomy and overcome the learning curve.

Conclusions

The learning curve associated with hysterectomy requires completion of ~ 33 cases by the fellow after an initial median experience of 16 cases. Our data suggest that a minimum of 50 total cases is required during fellowship to complete a robotic hysterectomy.     

A 9-year experience of laparoscopic hysterectomy in a UK district general hospital

Hysterectomy is the commonest major gynaecological operation. Laparoscopic hysterectomy now offers a means of converting an otherwise abdominal approach into a vaginal procedure. A UK district general hospital has evaluated its experience in laparoscopic hysterectomy over 9 years, starting at a point when abdominal hysterectomy was a norm in the UK. Three hundred and sixty-three women underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy from January 1993 to January 2002. Operating time averaged at 86.4 min while the hospital stay was 2.7 days. For 2 years ENDO GIA was used . Two hundred and ninety-seven cases of laparoscopic hysterectomy were performed where the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments were transected. Bowel complications were 0.55%, ureteric complications were 0.55% while bladder complications were 0.826% and one patient died . The overall complication rate (minor and major) was 8.5%. These rates are comparable with other studies of abdominal and laparoscopic hysterectomies. The uptake of laparoscopic hysterectomies continues to be low in the United Kingdom. To offer the benefits of laparoscopic hysterectomy it is important to dramatically increase the uptake of the minimal access route by aiming to change practice and training for this procedure.     

Comparison of re-operation rates and complication rates after total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and laparoscopy-assisted supracervical hysterectomy (LASH)

Objective

To compare re-operation rates and complication rates after total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and laparoscopy-assisted supracervical hysterectomy (LASH).

Study design

Retrospective analysis of 867 women who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy between January 2002 and December 2009 for benign gynaecological diseases. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed in 567 women (TLH group) and laparoscopy-assisted supracervical hysterectomy was performed in 300 women (LASH group).

Results

The women in the LASH group were significantly younger (45.6 years) than those in the TLH group (47.9 years) and the uteri removed with LASH were significantly heavier (326.4 g) than those removed with TLH (242.7 g). The rate of salpingo-oophorectomy was significantly lower in the LASH group. The overall re-operation rates were equivalent in the two groups. Two method-specific reasons for re-operations were identified. A method-specific procedure after LASH was extirpation of the cervical stump, which was performed in 2.7% of the women. Vaginal cuff dehiscence was a method-specific problem leading to secondary operation after TLH and was observed in 0.7% of the patients. No differences between the intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were observed, although there was a trend toward lower complication rates after LASH.

Conclusions

There seem to be equivalent overall re-operation rates and complication rates after both hysterectomy procedures, making the two laparoscopic approaches for hysterectomy equivalent.