7666名互助献血者对无偿献血知识认知及献血心理调查简

目的：调查分析7666名亲友互助献血者的认知态度及心理因素。方法对本中心参加互助献血的7666名亲友献血者进行调查问卷,调查内容包括献血者的性别、年龄、职业等一般资料,以及献血者对互助献血的认知态度及心理调查。结果7666名被调查者中,男性多于女性、青年人多于青壮年及中年人、军人多于其它职业者、初次献血者多于重复献血者（P＜0.01）;在献血知识认知中,了解和赞成互助献血的显著少于不了解和不赞成互助献血者（P＜0.01）、而本人信任和家人支持互助献血的却显著多于不信任和不支持（P＜0.01）;在献血心理调查中,献血动机“亲情友情”和“奉献爱心”显著多于其它选项（P＜0.01）、献血心理障碍“疼痛”与“恐惧感”显著多于其它选项（P＜0.01）、献血纪念品“公益物品”和“定制纪念品”显著多于其它选项、献血心理需求“献血或用血凭证”显著多于其它选项。结论开展亲友互助献血能有效缓解临床用血供需矛盾,更进一步加强无偿献血知识宣传;通过亲友互助献血,动员招募更多的献血员、扩大低危人群志愿无偿献血者队伍,形成无偿献血的长效机制。     

部队献血者发生献血不良反应原因分析

目的分析部队献血者发生献血不良反应的原因并提出改进措施。方法收集本站室外采血14800份部队无偿献血者的献血反馈单对其进行统计。结果不同性别、年龄、献血量和献血次数的献血者出现献血不良反应情况不同，不同采血者引发献血者发生的献血不良反应率不同。结论部队献血者发生献血不良反应的原因主要有精神因素、献血前过度疲劳、献血环境不理想、献血者营养状况不佳、献血者自我防护意识不强等。     

用KAP研究结果分析当前无偿献血工作存在的问题

目的:希望找出影响人们献血的因素。方法:KAP研究釆用问卷方法了解大众对于献血的知识、态度和行为的认识程度。结果:献血者中的自我否定现象导致了准献血员的大量流失。结论:开展健康教育不足,宣传不到位。2003年5月至2004年5月,新疆乌鲁木齐兵团血站,乌鲁木齐市血液中心的工作人员和美国约翰·霍普金斯大学公共卫生系合作,进行一项研究,调查新疆地区不同人群对于献血的了解和理念。中国在血液供应上有很大的问题,并且在招募志愿献血者上也存在一些问题。     

无偿献血群体顾客忠诚影响因素研究

目的:通过比较重复献血、既往献血、未献血三类人群的行为学特征和对献血服务质量的感知,为采供血部门修正长期发展规划和献血服务模式提供依据。方法:设计调查问卷针对三类人群进行献血动因、对宣传的印象和意愿、献血服务满意度等方面的调查;对献血服务机构管理层、服务人员理念和献血者认知、感知进行调查对比。结果:三人群在献血动因、健康认知、血站公益性认知、服务感知的方便性、礼貌性、安全性、胜任力、沟通性几方面差异均有统计学意义。固定献血者的认知与感知高于其它两人群。采供血部门管理者与服务提供者对献血服务影响质量的几个维度的认知有较大差异。结论:提高献血服务的满意度,采取社会接受度较高的长期发展的宣传策略,提高人员素质和服务质量,是无偿献血事业持续健康发展的重要条件。     

西安地区2006～2010年无偿献血者梅毒感染状况调查分析

调查西安市无偿献血者梅毒感染状况。方法：用ELISA法对2006-2010年西安市159902名无偿献血者进行梅毒抗体检测,并将献血人群按性别、年龄等进行分组,采用X^2检验对梅毒抗体检测及分组结果进行分析。结果：159 902名无偿献血者中,梅毒抗体阳性508例,感染率为0．31％,男女感染的概率无明显的差异,30～50岁年龄段的梅毒感染率最高。结论：西安市2006-2010年无偿献血者梅毒抗体阳性率有一定的波动,但没有出现明显的上升或下降的趋势。     

1846名军队无偿献血者心理健康调查

目的 了解军队无偿献血者的献血心理健康状况。方法 对1846名军队无偿献血者进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)测定,比较其心理健康水平。结果 55.7％的献血者在献血时存在不同程度的心理健康问题,主要心理症状为躯体化、强迫、焦虑、抑郁等。结论加大宣传力度,提高军队无偿献血者的心理健康水平是当务之急,应引起足够的重视。     

官兵地震救援心理应激状况的调查分析

 目的 探索并明确官兵地震救援心理应激的持续时间、缓解因素、心理问题严重程度、对心理健康和心理成熟的影响等.方法 使用自编调查问卷及症状自评量表,对190名官兵进行救援心理应激状况调查.结果 约85%的人在10 d内应激反应缓解,约15%的人在10 d后应激反应继续存在;机体的自然适应、部队环境以及家庭平安信息等为应激缓解的最重要因素;心理应激对心理成熟的正面影响是显著的,但也有少数人仍存在对地震死亡威胁的恐惧、惨景的闪回、内疚自责等.结论 对参加地震救援部队的官兵需要关注及追踪进行心理服务.     

河南省慢性病儿童主要照顾者电子健康素养的现况调查分析

目的 调查分析河南省慢性病儿童主要照顾者电子健康素养的现况。方法 在2021年01月～2022年05月期间河南儿科医联体单位慢性病儿童主要照顾者250名为调查对象,采用问卷星调查方法发放电子健康素养量表(e-HEALS)对照顾者的健康素养状况进行调查分析,统计河南省慢性病儿童主要照顾者的健康素养不合格率。并将照顾者按照健康素养得分情况分为合格组和不合格组,采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析探讨影响照顾者健康素养的影响因素。结果 发放的250份调查问卷均为有效问卷,其中健康素养不合格(e-HEALS评分≤32分)的照顾者131名,不合格率为52.40%。经单因素分析,两组的患儿年龄、性别、居住地、疾病类型、是否第一胎、照顾者与患儿关系、性别、年龄、健康状况比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),而健康素养不合格组的患儿患病时间、患儿疾病复发率、照顾者文化程度低比例、家庭年收入低比例、照顾者职业为工人、农民比例均高于健康素养合格组(P<0.05)。患儿病程、复发率、照顾者文化程度、家庭年收入、照顾者职业是影响照顾者健康素养的主要影响因素。结论 河南省慢性病儿童主要照顾者健...     

1846名军队无偿献血者心理健康调查

目的 了解军队无偿献血者的献血心理健康状况。方法 对1846名军队无偿献血者进行症状自评量表(SCL／90)测定，比较其心理健康水平。结果 55．7％的献血者在献血时存在不同程度的心理健康问题，主要心理症状为躯体化、强迫、焦虑、抑郁等。结论 加大宣传力度，提高军队无偿献血者的心理健康水平是当务之怠，应引起足够的重视。     

无偿献血者不良反应的原因分析及预防性护理对策

目的分析无偿献血者不良反应发生的原因并探讨其预防性护理对策。方法自制表格,对无偿献血者性别、年龄、职业、等基本资料进行填写,自采血开始观察献血者血压、心率、意识、面容等至采血结束30min后。对出现不良反应者立即中止采血并对症处理。结果发生不良反应201例(201/11 732),不良反应发生率1.71%;主要不良反应为头晕,面色苍白占84.58%;不良反应与献血者性别、献血次数、餐前餐后和季节性及职业有关(P<0.01)。结论主要不良反应为头晕,面色苍白,发生不良反应的原因与献血者性别、献血次数、身体和季节性因素等相关,采取有效措施,加大宣传及预防护理,可有效预防和减少献血者不良反应的发生。     

超声在评价2型糖尿病血瘀证早期动脉功能减退中的价值

目的:通过应用超声多种检测技术,全面评估2型糖尿病(T2DM)血瘀证患者的动脉功能状态,初步探讨T2DM血瘀证患者早期动脉功能改变的特点及超声在糖尿病血瘀证早期动脉病变检测中的应用价值。方法:选择颈动脉内-中膜无增厚、无斑块的T2DM血瘀证患者30例,非血瘀证患者30例。应用血管回声跟踪技术(ET)、动脉硬化检测技术(PWV/ABI)及血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能检测(FMD)等技术,检测入选病例的各项指标,分析糖尿病血瘀证与非血瘀证患者动脉功能改变的特点及超声在评价T2DM血瘀证早期动脉功能减退中的价值。结果:①血瘀证组与非血瘀证组的年龄、性别比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),血瘀证组的病程长于非血瘀证组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。②血瘀证组的肱动脉内径变化绝对值、内径扩张百分率均较非血瘀证组减小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③血瘀证组的应变弹性指数(EP)、硬化参数(β)、脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)值大于非血瘀证组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),顺应性(AC)值小于非血瘀证组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组的增大指数(AI)值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。④血瘀证组的肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)值大于非血瘀证组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组的踝臂血压指数(ABI)值无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:①T2DM血瘀证组的病程明显长于非血瘀证组,提示糖尿病病程越长越容易发生血瘀证。②T2DM血瘀证患者血管内皮功能及弹性功能均有损害,血管功能低于非血瘀证患者,提示血瘀证患者更易发生血管病变。③超声可用于评价T2DM不同中医证型患者的动脉功能状态,可以为T2DM的中医分型治疗提供客观依据。     

《中国民航飞行员心理应激问卷》编制的研究

目的编制适合中国民航飞行员职业特点的《中国民航飞行员心理应激问卷》。方法在文献研究、专家访谈和开放式问卷调查的基础上,编制预测问卷,对初测数据(N1=144)进行探索性因素分析以及信度、效度检验。对正式施测的数据(N2=315)进行验证性因素分析。结果该问卷分工作负荷、工作中的人际关系、职业发展、飞行安全要求、工作环境和生活事件应激6个维度,共32个项目。经检验,其信度和效度的各项指标均达到了心理测量学的要求。结论该问卷可用于中国民航飞行员心理应激的测量及其相关研究。     

Menstrual irregularity and stress fractures in collegiate female distance runners

From 240 questionnaires, we investigated the prevalence of stress fractures in competitive collegiate female long distance runners and its relationship to menstrual history. The runners were divided into three groups according to their menstrual history: very irregular 69/240 (0 to 5 menses/year), irregular 51/240 (6 to 9 menses/year), and regular 120/240 (10 to 13 menses/year). Stress fractures occurred in 49% of the very irregular runners, 39% of the irregular runners, and 29% of the regular runners. The majority of the stress fractures occurred in the tibia. Runners who had never used oral contraceptives were over twice as likely to have had a stress fracture when compared with runners who had used oral contraceptives for more than 1 year. These data suggest that female distance runners who have a history of irregular or absent menses and who have never used oral contraceptives may be at an increased risk for developing a stress fracture. When amenorrheal runners were separated from the very irregular group, an alarming trend was noted in eating behavior disorders. Forty-seven percent of the amenorrheal group, 20% of the one to five menses/year group, 10% of the irregular group, and 7% of the regular group admitted to an eating behavior disorder.     

献血自评量表初步编制及在无偿献血中的应用

目的设计编制一套全面及适合国情的无偿献血行为自评量表,为献血研究提供工具。方法根据无偿献血中取得的经验及相关数据,参照文献,筛选出20个题目(含献血认知、献血前情绪、献血感知3个因子)。调查参加无偿献血的部队官兵及高校学生117例,取得各条目及因子评分等相关数据,并对首次及2次以上献血进行比较。结果发放量表120份,回收率100%,有效率97.5%。两次以上献血27例(A组),首次献血90例(B组)。两组总粗分、总均分、标准分、标准均分及Ⅱ,Ⅲ因子总粗分、总均分均有非常显著差异(P<0.01)。结论自评量表的编制可对献血者心理状况进行评估分析,并为无偿献血筛选血源及心理咨询等提供参考。     

A new strategy for distinguishing menstrual blood from peripheral blood by the miR-451a/miR-21-5p ratio

Distinction between menstrual blood and peripheral blood is vital for forensic casework, as it could provide strong evidence to figure out the nature of some criminal cases. However, to date no single blood-specific gene, including the most variable microRNAs (miRNAs) could work well in identification of blood source. In this study, we developed a new strategy for identification of human blood samples by using the copy number ratios of miR-451a to miR-21–5p based on 133 samples, including 56 menstrual blood and 47 peripheral blood, as well as 30 non-blood samples of saliva (10), semen (10) and vaginal secretion (10). The cut-off value and efficacy of the identification strategy were determined through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our results showed that when the miR-451a/miR-21–5p ratio below 0.929, the sample should be non-blood. In contrast, when the miR-451a/miR-21–5p ratio above 0.929 and below 10.201, the sample should be menstrual blood; and when this ratio above 10.201, the sample should be peripheral blood. External validation using 86 samples (62 menstrual blood and 24 peripheral blood samples) fully supported this strategy with the 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. We confirmed that this result accuracy was not affected by various potential confounding factors of samples and different experimental platforms. We showed that 0.2 ng of total RNA from menstrual blood and peripheral blood was sufficient for qPCR quantification. In conclusion, our results provide an accurate reference to distinguish menstrual blood from peripheral blood for forensic authentication.     

Peripheral blood picture following dietary changes and neuro-emotional stress

The effects of diets prepared for prolonged space flights and stress exposures on peripheral blood of 42 healthy male test subjects was studied. The morphology of peripheral blood remained essentially unaltered, when test subjects were given dehydrated diets (freshly prepared, stored for 2 years and exposed to proton irradiation of a dose of 24,000 rad) or Salyut-6 space diet. Stress effects brought about neutrophil leukocytosis and lymphopenia which could be prevented with dietary supplements.     

Psychosocial stress in Marine Corps officers

Stress research in military populations has largely been devoted to specialized situations "at risk" for high levels of stress, such as combat, recruit training, sea duty, as well as post-traumatic stress in veterans. Though the armed forces continue to train for war during peacetime, military personnel also carry out administrative, executive, and technical job functions not directly related to combat preparations. Little data exists researching stress experienced in military non-combat environments. A study was conducted assessing levels of stress of 900 Marine Corps officers assigned to various headquarters and stations. Randomly selected participants completed the Derogatis Stress Profile (DSP). The study examined stress as a function of rank and the individual officer's perception of stress. Total stress levels of the subjects were compared to those used to norm the DSP.     

两种梅毒检测方法对比

目的：比较甲苯胺红不加热血清试验（TRUST）、螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验（TPPA）两种梅毒血清学试验的检测结果。方法：将2008-2009年性病门诊138例确诊梅毒患者血清同时用甲苯胺红不加热血清试验TRUST试验、螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验TPPA试验检测,比较两种梅毒检测实验方法的灵敏度和特异性。结果：138份血清中,98份血清TRUST阳性,17份经抗梅毒治疗血清TRUST阴性,TPPA试验132份血清为阳性。结论：TRUST试验可作为梅毒的人群筛查、疗效、复发或再感染的检测指标,TPPA试验是检测梅毒螺旋体抗体的特异性方法,主要作为梅毒的确证试验。两种不同方法同时进行梅毒检测,将减少漏诊、误诊率,为梅毒的确诊提供参考依据,并且在判定梅毒的发展、痊愈及药物疗效方面都具有十分重要的意义。     

Psychological structure of personality and motivation in blood donors]

The study comprised 500 persons who donated blood for five and more times. The psychic personality structure was studied by EMOTIONS PROFILE INDEX tests with the forced-choice personality index (4) by Henry Kellerman and Robert Plutchnik. Blood donor motivation was examined by the standardized questionnaires which was interpreted by the so-called keys of desirable responses, separately for every potentially primary motive (altruism; habits; superiority complex; inferiority complex; selfpunishment; benefit; indefinite motive). The aim of the study was to assess whether the psychic structure of a personality has effects on blood donor motivation. The study has shown that: a) the psychic personality structure in repeated blood donors has effects on their blood donor motivation; b) altruism is the most common motive for blood donation in persons with the emotionally stable structures of personality and in persons with neurotic potentials; c) among persons with different psychic personality structure there are differences in the percentage of some of primary motives for blood donation. The altruism is the most common motive for blood donation found in 85% of repeated blood donors. All other motives together are found in 8% of cases while in 7% of the examines it was not possible to confirm the primary motive for blood donation.     

Stress views in the radiography of scapholunate instability

AIM: On the suspected carpal instabilities stress views are recommended but not often used. The present study evaluates the reliability of the dorsal and volar stress radiographs on patients with posttraumatic wrist pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Stress radiographs of the wrists were examined in 22 patients with chronic wrist pain and the results were compared with scaphoid shift test and standard and positional views. The stress examination consists of applying to the wrist dorsal and volar stresses on the hand. RESULTS: Static scapholunate instability was diagnosed in 4 patients in whom 3 of them had positive scaphoid shift test sign as well. There were, however, 18 patients with dynamic scapholunate instability in whom the standard films were normal but dorsal stress radiography showed gap greater than 3mm between the scaphoid and lunate. CONCLUSION: Stress tests may provide considerable information in the evaluation of a patient who has a painful wrist in whom routine and special views do not demonstrate scapholunate dissociation.