曲安奈德经皮渗透特性研究

目的 评价曲安奈德经皮渗透的特性.方法 采用Franz扩散池法,考察药物经完整皮肤和去角质层皮肤的体外透皮能力,并采用了胶带剥离、皮肤萃取法分别获取了皮肤角质层、去角质层皮肤样本,用HPLC法测定了样本中的药物含量,考察曲安奈德在皮肤不同层的分布情况.结果 曲安奈德的24h透过量去角质层皮肤约为完整皮肤的1.6倍;8h...     

派瑞松乳膏中3种药物透皮特性的研究

目的:评价派瑞松乳膏中曲安奈德(TACA)、苯甲酸(BEN)、硝酸益康唑(ECN)3种药物的透皮特性.方法:采用Franz扩散池法,考察药物经完整皮肤和去角质层皮肤的体外透皮能力,并采用了胶带剥离、皮肤萃取法分别获取了皮肤角质层、去角质层皮肤样本,用HPLC法测定了样本中的药物含量.结果:经过24 h透皮吸收,TACA和BEN的去角质层皮肤渗透量分别为完整皮肤的1.5和1.3倍,ECN的渗透量基本为零.8h透皮实验,TACA高、中、低3个浓度角质层中药物含量基本相同,真皮层则存在浓度依赖现象;ECN在皮肤各层和接受室均检测不到;BEN在角质层和真皮层中的分布与TACA相似,但透过量比TACA大.结论:角质层是皮肤渗透的重要屏障,派瑞松乳膏应用于皮肤溃疡、受损或者婴幼儿皮肤仍需谨慎.     

不同密度滚轮微针对曲安奈德的透皮促渗作用

目的探讨不同密度滚轮微针对曲安奈德经皮渗透的影响。方法采用改良Franz扩散池法考察体外经皮渗透特性,以离体裸鼠皮肤为屏障,对照组、192针、540针滚轮微针处理组分别于2、4、6、8、10、12h取接收液0．2ml,用HPLC法测定曲安奈德含量,计算累积渗透量,并测定皮肤内曲安奈德滞留量。采用测定血药浓度法考察在体吸收特性,在体给药2h后HPLC法测定各组皮肤及血浆中曲安奈德的含量。结果两种密度滚轮微针对曲安奈德均有不同程度的促透作用。离体透皮实验结果显示,192针微针处理组和540针微针处理组的累积渗透量Q分别是对照组的1．3倍和2．2倍,相应的皮肤内滞留量也分别是对照组的1．9倍和2．8倍。在体实验结果显示,192针微针和540针微针组的皮肤滞留量是对照组的2．1和2．3倍,同时也将血药浓度提高了1．3倍和1．4倍。结论结论两种不同密度滚轮微针均能有效提高曲安奈德的经皮渗透量,提高皮肤内药物含量,同时也导致血药浓度的增加,且不同密度微针的促透作用有所不同。     

花椒毒素在人体皮肤及角质层中的渗透动力学探讨

目的探讨花椒毒素在人体完整皮肤及其角质层中的渗透动力学特性。方法采用人体离体皮肤及从完整皮肤中分离出的角质层，在Franz-cell扩散池中进行不同浓度的花椒毒素乙醇溶液(0.1, 0.5, 2.5和5.0 mg·mL^-1)的渗透实验，均采用1.4%的人血清溶液作为接收液，用HPLC法测定各接收液的药物量和皮肤中的贮存药物量。结果花椒毒素乙醇溶液单位面积透过完整人皮肤速率随着浓度增加而增加，2.5 mg·mL^-1以上的浓度对其速率几乎无影响。在角质层中也存在同样的现象，但其单位面积透皮速率最大值提前了约6 h。而且随着给药浓度的增加，24 h后完整皮肤和角质层的药物贮存量也相应增加，但达到一定浓度后存在饱和现象。且花椒毒素乙醇溶液在完整皮肤中的透皮时滞(0.82 h)明显大于在角质层中的透皮时滞(0.47 h)。结论该结果对开发花椒毒素外用制剂时浓度的选择提供了依据，并对其外用药物后照射长波段紫外光(UVA)的时间提供了参考。     

角质层与活性皮肤层对硝酸异山梨酯透皮吸收的影响

目的:评价皮肤角质层和真皮层对药物经皮吸收的影响。方法:以硝酸异山梨酯(ISDN)为模型药物,采用Franz吸收池法,考察药物单独或与吸收促进剂肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM)合用时,经完整皮肤和角质层剥离皮肤的透皮能力。结果:IS-DN经剥离角质层皮肤的表观透皮系数的Kp是经完整皮肤的1.68倍,IPM能分布在活性皮肤层,并可明显增加ISDN在角质层或真皮层的分布量及经皮累积透皮吸收百分率。结论:本实验为研究皮肤病态条件下(如皮肤受伤或溃疡等),药物透皮吸收规律,提供了一种新的方法。     

不同皮肤组织对安替比林贴片经皮渗透的差异

目的：评价皮肤角质层和活性皮肤层对药物经皮渗透的差异。方法：选择安替比林（AT）为模型药物，采用Franz扩散池法，考察药物经完整皮肤和剥离角质层皮肤的体外透皮能力Kp，并比较吸收促进剂肉豆蔻酸异丙酯（IPM）共存时的促透能力大小。结果：AT经剥离角质层皮肤的Kp是经完整皮肤的3.24倍，加入IPM后AT的Kp分别提高到原来的3.68倍（经完整皮肤）和5.17倍（经剥离角质层皮肤）。结论：本实验为皮肤病态条件，如皮肤受伤或溃疡等时的药物经皮吸收规律研究提供一种新的方法。     

3种吸收促进剂对酮基布洛芬经不同皮肤层渗透的影响

目的：对不同性质的吸收促进剂影响药物经不同皮肤层渗透的差异进行评价。方法：选择氮酮（AZ），肉豆蔻酸异丙酯（IPM）和单月桂酸甘油酯（GML）为透皮促进剂，以酮基布洛芬为模型药物，采用Franz吸收池法，考察药物单儿或与促进剂合用时，完整皮肤和剥离角质层皮肤的透皮能力。结果：剥离角质层皮肤可明显增加酮基布洛芬的透皮层。3种吸收促进剂对药物经完整皮肤的促透能力为IPM＞GML＞AZ，对药物经剥离角质层皮肤的促透能力为GML＞IPM＞AZ。结论：皮肤的条件能明显影响酮基布洛芬的经皮渗透；吸收促进剂对酮基布洛芬经不同皮肤层的促透能力有差异。     

盐酸丁螺环酮透皮促渗剂选择及其透皮机制的研究

目的研究透皮促渗剂对盐酸丁螺环酮体外经皮渗透的影响以及盐酸丁螺环酮的透皮机制。方法采用改良Franz扩散池,比较不同促渗剂种类、浓度、配比对盐酸丁螺环酮的促渗效果,同时通过改变扩散池的介质pH及皮肤的状态,研究药物的透皮机制。结果采用3%氮酮为透皮促渗剂时药物透过量最大。盐酸丁螺环酮随着分子型浓度的升高透过量也随之增加,皮肤去除角质层后,药物的透过量显著大于完整皮肤,而完整皮肤的贮库效应大于去角质皮肤。结论药物透皮以3%氮酮为透皮促进剂促渗效果最佳。盐酸丁螺环酮主要是以分子型透过皮肤,药物的透皮屏障与贮库效应发生的主要部位是皮肤的角质层。     

高良姜素的体外透皮吸收特性研究

目的:考察高良姜素的体外透皮吸收特性及不同促透剂对其透皮行为的影响,为开发以高良姜素为原料药的治疗白癜风的皮肤给药制剂提供参考。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定高良姜素的含量。以高良姜素的累积透过量(Q)和透皮速率(J)为指标,考察接收液[20%、40%聚乙二醇400(PEG400)溶液和30%乙醇溶液]、转速(200、300、400 r/min)对高良姜素在小鼠完整皮肤中吸收的影响,考察氮酮(1%、3%、5%)、丙二醇(10%、20%、40%)单用或者联用对其促透作用。同时,考察高良姜素在大鼠和小鼠的完整皮肤、去角质层皮肤、真皮层皮肤的透过特性。结果:以接收液为40%PEG400溶液、转速为300 r/min、5%氮酮单用时,高良姜素在小鼠完整皮肤中的透过性最好,J为3.257 0μg/(cm2·h)。小鼠完整皮肤、去角质层皮肤、真皮层皮肤的J分别为2.7199、34.016、33.874μg/(cm2·h),大鼠3种皮肤的J分别为0.499 6、9.512 4、17.406μg/(cm2·h)。结论:高良姜素可以透过小鼠和大鼠的完整皮肤,但是透过量远低于去角质层皮肤和真皮层皮肤。     

曲安奈德益康唑乳膏的透皮吸收实验

摘要：目的:建立曲安奈德益康唑乳膏体外透皮扩散实验方法,测定并评价不同厂家产品的体外透皮能力。方法:采用立式改良Franz扩散池及乳猪离体皮肤对11个厂家的产品进行体外透皮扩散试验,以HPLC法测定接受液中曲安奈德与硝酸益康唑的含量和皮肤中的贮留量。结果:2个厂家产品与原研厂家产品中曲安奈德和益康唑的体外透皮吸收情况差异无统计学意义,其余厂家产品与原研相比透皮吸收情况有一定差异。结论:新建方法适用于曲安奈德益康唑乳膏的体外透皮吸收测定,为其质量评价提供了依据。     

Influence of skin thickness on the in vitro permeabilities of drugs through Sprague-Dawley rat or Yucatan micropig skin

The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of skin thickness on the in vitro permeabilities of 3 model drugs with different physicochemical properties (nicorandil (NR), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and flurbiprofen (FP)) through Sprague-Dawley rat (rat) or Yucatan micropig (YMP) skin. Intact, dermis-split, stratum corneum-stripped or stratum corneum-stripped and dermis-split rat or YMP skin (rat skin thickness: approximately 0.4, 0.9 or 1.2 mm; YMP skin thickness: approximately 0.4, 0.9, 1.8 or 2.8 mm) were set in Franz-type diffusion cells to determine the permeation rate, lag time and resistance ratio of the viable epidermis and dermis against whole skin (R(ved)/R(tot)) of the drugs. The YMP skin permeabilities of the drugs decreased with an increase in the skin thickness, and significant differences were observed in the permeation rates and lag times between intact and dermis-split (0.4 mm) YMP skins. The decreases in the permeabilities of the drugs through the YMP skin were larger than those through the rat skin. The influence of resistances of ISDN and FP through the dermis-split rat or YMP skin was greater at 0.9 mm skin thickness than 0.4 mm skin thickness. The R(ved)/R(tot) values for the YMP skins were relatively large for lipophilic drugs (ISDN and FP), and these ratios increased with an increase in the dermis thickness. These results suggest that in vitro skin permeation studies must be done using dermis-split (0.4 mm) skin with the thinnest dermis for predicting in vivo human percutaneous absorption rate.     

氢醌经不同皮肤层的吸收差异

目的 :评价皮肤角质层和真皮层对药物经皮吸收的差异。方法 :选择氢醌 (HQ)为模型药物 ,采用Franz吸收池法 ,考察药物经完整皮肤和剥离角质层皮肤的体外透皮能力Kp ,并比较吸收促进剂肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM)共存时的促透能力大小。结果 :HQ经剥离角质层皮肤的Kp 是经完整皮肤的3 29倍 ,加入IPM后HQ的Kp 分别提高到原来的4 95倍 (经完整皮肤 )和7 49倍 (经剥离角质层皮肤 )。结论 :本实验为皮肤病态条件 ,如皮肤受伤或溃疡等时的药物经皮吸收规律研究提供了一种新的方法。     

Percutaneous Absorption Enhancement of an Ionic Molecule by Ethanol–Water Systems in Human Skin

Ethanol–water systems enhance permeation of ionic solutes through human stratum corneum. Optimum enhancement of salicylate ion permeation has been observed with ethanol volume fractions near 0.63. The mechanism of action of ethanol–water systems enhancing skin permeation was investigated by in vitro skin permeation studies combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments. The increased skin permeation of the ionic permeant by the ethanol–water systems may be associated with alterations involving the polar pathway. Polar pathway alterations may occur in either or both the lipid polar head and proteinaceous regions of the stratum corneum. Ion-pair formation may also contribute to increased permeation. However, the decreased permeation of salicylate ion observed at higher volume fractions of ethanol may be attributed to decreased uptake of permeant into the stratum corneum.     

Effect of Direction (Epidermis-To-Dermis and Dermis-To-Epidermis) on the Permeation of Several Chemical Compounds through Full-Thickness Skin and Stripped Skin

Purpose

Compound permeation through stratum corneum-stripped skin is generally greater than that through full-thickness skin. In addition, epidermis-to-dermis permeation profile should be the same as dermis-to-epidermis permeation profile. However, stripped skin permeability of some compounds was lower than full-thickness skin permeability and different permeabilities were found for some compounds between the two directions of skin permeation. The reasons for these findings were investigated in this study.

Methods

Full-thickness or stripped hairless rat skin was set in a Franz-type diffusion cell, and a solution of compound was applied on the epidermis or dermis side to determine the in vitro skin permeability.

Results

Although the stripped skin permeability of pentyl paraben (PeP) with extremely high logK _o/w was lower than full-thickness skin permeabilities, the addition of 3% ethanol resulted in the expected permeation order. Epidermis-to-dermis permeation of PeP through full-thickness skin was higher than dermis-to-epidermis permeation. Epidermis-to-dermis permeations of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FD-4) and isosorbide 5-mononitrate with negative logK _o/w were also higher than those in the opposite direction.

Conclusions

Morphological observation of skin after FD-4 permeation suggested that a conically shaped trans-follicular permeation pathway model could be advocated to explain the difference between the epidermis-to-dermis permeation and that in the opposite direction.     

Skin disposition of menthol after its application in the presence of drug substances

Many drug products that are applied onto the skin contain menthol. Menthol plays a dual role in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs: it causes cooling and local anesthetic effects and, being a penetration enhancer, it increases the skin permeation of the drug substances. However, there are no data concerning the skin penetration of menthol after its application in the most commonly used vehicles and in the presence of drug substances. Therefore, this study evaluated the ex vivo skin disposition of menthol after application of the commercially available drug products containing aluminum acetotartrate, methyl salicylate, ibuprofen and naproxen, using full human-skin mounted in flow-through diffusion cells. After 15, 30 and 60 min of application, the skin was progressively tape-stripped into three fractions of stratum corneum and the remaining epidermis with dermis. The content of menthol in the skin layers was determined by GC method. Varying degrees of penetration of menthol into the skin layers was observed, depending on its amount in the vehicle and the presence of drug substance. In the presence of aluminum acetotartrate, the skin penetration of menthol was limited only to the outer fraction of the stratum corneum. In the case of drug products containing naproxen, the concentration of the drug substance significantly influenced the skin penetration of menthol.     

氟尿嘧啶经不同皮肤层吸收差异的评价

目的　评价皮肤角质层和真皮层对药物经皮吸收的差异。方法　选择氟尿嘧啶 (5 - FU)为模型药物 ,采用Franz扩散池法 ,考察药物经完整皮肤和剥离角质层皮肤的体外透皮能力 (Kp) ,并比较吸收促进剂肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 (IPM)共存时的促透能力大小。结果　 5 - FU经剥离角质层皮肤的 Kp是经完整皮肤的 2 .2倍 ,加入IPM后 5 - FU的 Kp分别提高到原来的 1 .6倍 (经完整皮肤 )和 2 .3倍 (经剥离角质层皮肤 )。结论　本实验为皮肤病态条件 ,如皮肤受伤或溃疡等时的药物经皮吸收规律研究提供一种新的方法。