2型糖尿病患者药物洗脱支架置入术后支架内再狭窄危险因素分析

目的:探讨冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者药物洗脱支架(DES)置入术后,支架内再狭窄相关危险因素分析。方法:将连续性入选的368例患者根据冠状动脉造影结果分为支架内再狭窄(ISR)组(n=74)及非支架内再狭窄(non-ISR)组(n=294)。应用Cox’s比例风险模型对两组进行统计学分析。结果:单因素分析ISR组较non-ISR组具有更高的VLDL-C、TG、UA、病变血管数目、多支病变、SYNTAX评分及既往冠状动脉介入术(PCI)病史,non-ISR组具有较高的饮酒史。COX比例风险模型分析糖尿病患者(DM),DES置入术后ISR的独立危险因素是VLDL(HR=1.85,95%CI=1.24~2.77,P=0.002)、UA(每增加50μmol/L,HR=1.19,95%CI=1.05~1.34,P=0.006)、SYNTAX评分(每增加5分,HR=1.34,95%CI=1.03~1.74,P=0.031)、既往PCI病史(HR=3.43,95%CI=1.57~7.80,P=0.003)。结论:研究提示VLDL-C、SYNTAX评分、血尿酸水平、既往PCI病史是DM患者ISR的独立危险因素。     

普罗布考对合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉药物洗脱支架置入术后再狭窄及炎症因子的影响

目的评价普罗布考对合并糖尿病的冠心病患者药物洗脱支架置入术后再狭窄发生率及炎症因子的影响,初步探讨普罗布考预防再狭窄的临床价值及可能机制。方法入选72例合并糖尿病并接受药物洗脱支架置入术的冠心病患者,随机分为普罗布考组（36例）和对照组（36例）。普罗布考组在常规药物的基础上加服普罗布考（0.25 g,每日2次）,连续服药至PCI术后6个月,所有患者行冠状动脉造影复查。支架内再狭窄定义为支架内或两端5 mm内出现≥50%狭窄程度的病变。测定术前及术后6个月的血清超敏C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α的浓度变化。结果对照组中10例（27.8%）发生再狭窄,普罗布考组仅3例（8.3%）发生再狭窄,两组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.032）;术后6个月时两组患者炎症因子水平较术前均有下降,普罗布考组下降更显著,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论普罗布考能够有效降低合并糖尿病的冠心病患者置入药物洗脱支架置入后再狭窄的发生,其机制可能与抗炎作用有关。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后SYNTAX评分与支架内再狭窄的关联性研究

目的:探讨冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后,SYNTAX评分与冠状动脉支架内再狭窄(ISR)的关联性。方法:连续入选2012年1月至2012年12月,在我中心行PCI术的冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者共437例,对他们进行2年的随访,其中共有382例完成了第二次冠状动脉造影检查用来以此评价是否发生了ISR,最终共有368例符合该研究的纳入和排除标准进入统计分析。收集患者第一次行冠状动脉支架置入术时的基线信息,SYNTAX评分由在线计算器计算所得。结果:368例患者(男性108例。女性260例)的平均年龄为(58.7±10.3)岁,其中有74例发生了ISR,发生率为20.1%。ISR组的SYNTAX评分为15分,远高于非狭窄组的11分(P=0.022)。多因素回归分析结果显示,在调整了传统危险因素和其他混杂因素后,SYNTAX评分每增加5分,糖尿病患者ISR的风险增加34%(HR=1.34,95%CI=1.03~1.74,P=0.031)。结论:对于冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者,SYNTAX评分是冠状动脉ISR的一个独立的危险因素,可以作为临床预测冠状动脉ISR的一个指标之一。     

脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白在糖尿病冠状动脉支架内再狭窄中作用的研究

目的：探讨脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白（AFABP ）在糖尿病冠状动脉支架内再狭窄（ISR）中的作用。方法：在15头糖尿病猪和26头正常猪的冠状动脉内置入雷帕霉素洗脱支架,6个月后冠脉造影,选择正常和发生ISR 的血管段组织,提取蛋白进行定量二维荧光差异凝胶电泳技术（2D-DIGE ）和质谱检测。在人动脉平滑肌细胞（HASMC）中感染AFABP 的过表达和沉默病毒,检测细胞增殖、迁移能力和活性氧水平。结果：伴或不伴糖尿病的猪ISR 血管段组织内AFABP 水平均高于正常组织,且其在糖尿病ISR组织中高于非糖尿病ISR 组织。AFABP 过表达促进 HASMC 增殖和迁移,并伴有活性氧水平增高,上述效应在高糖培养基中更明显,抑制AFABP 表达能抑制这种效应。结论：AFABP在糖尿病冠状动脉ISR 血管段中表达显著增高;AFABP高表达促进动脉平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移,该效应可能由氧化应激介导。     

支架内再狭窄38例光学相干断层成像影像分析

目的分析支架内再狭窄患者光学相干断层成像(OCT)影像学表现特征。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月在西京医院行冠状动脉造影诊断为支架内再狭窄并行OCT检查患者38例,共42处支架内再狭窄病变。支架内再狭窄时间为52.0(17.5,84.0)个月。根据发生时间分为支架内再狭窄时间≤20个月组(11例,12处病变,中位随访时间8.5个月)和支架内再狭窄时间>20个月组(27例,30处病变,中位随访时间75个月)。结果38例患者平均年龄为(62.84±11.08)岁,其中男性22例(57.9%),高血压病19例(50.0%),糖尿病17例(44.7%)。定量冠状动脉造影(QCA)分析结果显示,最小管腔直径为(0.88±0.55)mm,直径再狭窄率为(66.41±18.51)%。OCT对支架内再狭窄可能原因分析,支架膨胀不全、贴壁不良、支架直径偏小分别占21.1%、10.5%以及5.3%。OCT对血栓性质分析,血栓见于21.1%患者,其中红色血栓、白色血栓及混合血栓分别占2.6%、5.3%以及13.2%。支架内再狭窄时间>20个月组钙化(26.7%比8.3%,P=0.372)、薄纤维帽粥样硬化斑块(10.0%比0,P=0.556)、巨噬细胞(40.0%比8.3%,P=0.102)、斑块侵蚀(50.0%比16.7%,P=0.101)与支架内再狭窄时间≤20个月组发生率相比,差异均无统计学意义,但均有升高趋势,而脂质(60.0%比25.0%,P=0.040)差异有统计学意义。结论支架内再狭窄患者伴有支架膨胀不全或贴壁不良等手术操作因素,随着时间的延长支架内再狭窄患者新生斑块不稳定性有增加趋势。     

氧化低密度脂蛋白和血管内超声预测介入术后支架内再狭窄

目的探讨氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxidized-low density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)和血管内超声在预测经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)后支架内再狭窄的价值。方法2006～2008年,佛山市第一人民医院实施PCI180例,随访患者经冠状动脉造影(coronary angiography,CAG)证实支架内再狭窄28例。PCI术前及随访时以酶联免疫法测定ox-LDL,用血管内超声检测病变血管的外弹力膜面积、斑块面积、最小管腔面积和内膜面积。结果无支架内再狭窄患者PCI前后ox-LDL差异无统计学意义;支架内再狭窄患者ox-LDL在PCI术后升高[(70±18)μg/L比(78±19)μg/L,P<0.05)];支架内再狭窄组与支架内无狭窄组比较,两组外弹力膜面积差异无统计学意义、两组斑块面积分别为(6.8±2.4)mm2和(5.1±1.6)mm2,P<0.05;最小管腔面积分别为(4.7±1.9)mm2和(6.2±2.1)mm2,P<0.05;最小管腔的支架面积分别为(1.95±0.33)mm2和(1.49±0.21)mm2,...     

去整合素金属蛋白酶10在糖尿病冠状动脉支架内再狭窄中作用的研究

目的:探讨去整合素金属蛋白酶10(ADAM10)在糖尿病冠状动脉(冠脉)支架内再狭窄(ISR)中的作用。方法:在17头糖尿病猪和10头正常猪的冠脉内置入雷帕霉素洗脱支架,6个月后行冠脉造影,留取发生和未发生ISR的冠脉组织,Western blot检测ADAM10表达水平。在人主动脉平滑肌细胞(HASMC)中感染ADAM10的过表达和敲减病毒,BrdU检测细胞增殖,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力。分别用低糖培养基、高糖培养基、晚期糖基化终末产物-牛血清白蛋白(AGE-BSA)、AGE-BSA+AGE受体(RAGE)抗体培养HASMC,实时定量RT-PCR和Western blot检测ADAM10表达水平。结果:在糖尿病组中,未发生ISR和发生ISR的冠脉组织中ADAM10的表达均高于非糖尿病组(3.36±1.27对2.11±2.05,10.48±4.72对6.72±1.36,P均0.01)。在非糖尿病组和糖尿病组,发生ISR的冠脉组织中ADAM10的表达均高于未发生ISR的冠脉组织(P均0.01)。BrdU实验显示,在低糖培养基和高糖培养基中,ADAM10过表达的HASMC增殖均明显高于转染空载体的HASMC(2.25±0.07对1.87±0.08,2.47±0.10对2.07±0.10,P均0.05);而ADAM10敲减的HASMC增殖均明显低于转染空载体的HASMC(1.34±0.10对1.87±0.08,1.46±0.09对2.07±0.10,P均0.05);ADAM10过表达和ADAM10敲减的HASMC在高糖培养基中的增殖均明显高于低糖培养基(P均0.05)。细胞划痕实验显示,在低糖培养基和高糖培养基中,ADAM10过表达的HASMC迁移距离均明显大于转染空载体的HASMC[(1.02±0.12)mm对(0.65±0.04)mm,(1.26±0.06)mm对(0.78±0.06)mm,P均0.05)],而ADAM10敲减的HASMC迁移距离均明显小于转染空载体的HASMC[(0.26±0.06)mm对(90.65±0.04)mm,(0.43±0.14)mm对(0.78±0.06)mm,P均0.05)];ADAM10过表达和ADAM10敲减的HASMC在高糖培养基中的迁移距离均明显大于低糖培养基(P均0.05)。与低糖培养基相比,高糖培养基和AGE-BSA中HASMC ADAM10 mRNA和蛋白的相对表达水平均明显升高(P均0.05);与AGE-BSA相比,AGE-BSA+RAGE抗体中HASMC ADAM10 mRNA和蛋白的相对表达水平均明显降低(P均0.05)。结论:ADAM10在糖尿病发生ISR的冠脉中表达显著升高,ADAM10高表达促进动脉平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移,高糖环境及AGE均可促进ADAM10的表达,ADAM10可能参与了糖尿病冠脉ISR的发生与发展。     

血清尿酸对冠心病并糖尿病患者PCI术后再狭窄的影响

目的:探讨冠心病并糖尿病患者血清尿酸(UA)含量对经皮冠状动脉介人治疗术(PCI)后再狭窄的影响。方法:对87例曾经接受PCI及支架植入术的冠心病并糖尿病患者,测定血脂,UA,C反应蛋白(CRP),及空腹血糖(FBG)等项目,根据术后随访冠状动脉造影,以支架植入处内径>50%为再狭窄,分为再狭窄组(23例)和对照组(64例),进行统计学分析。结果:再狭窄组UA含量显著高于对照组:[(443.8±99.62)mmol/L vs.(395.6±86.36)mmol/L](P<0.01)。结论:血清尿酸水平与冠心病并糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后再狭窄有关。     

Risk factors of in-stent restenosis in patients with diabetes mellitus after percutaneous coronary intervention: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become one of the effective methods for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is easy to have in-stent restenosis (ISR), even cardiovascular events after PCI, which affects the therapeutic effects. The incidence of ISR in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients increased by 2 to 4 times. Early identification of the risk factors of ISR in DM patients after PCI may help clinical staff to prevent and intervene as soon as possible, so it is very important to improve the clinical outcomes of DM patients. Although scholars at home and abroad have studied and summarized the risk factors of ISR in DM patients after PCI, the conclusions are different. Therefore, in this study, meta-analysis was used to summarize the risk factors of ISR in DM patients after PCI, and to explore the characteristics of high-risk groups of ISR, thus providing reference for early identification and prevention of ISR.Methods:We will search related literature from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Database. Eligible studies will be screened based on inclusion criteria. Meanwhile, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, publication bias assessment, subgroup analysis, and quality assessment will be performed. Review Manager Version 5.3 software will be applied for data analysis. Each process is independently conducted by 2 researchers. If there is any objection, it will be submitted to a third researcher for resolution.Results:We will disseminate the findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis via publications in peer-reviewed journals.Conclusions:The results of this analysis can be used to generate a risk prediction model and provide an intervention strategy for the occurrence of ISR in DM patients after PCI.OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/WC87Y.     

Efficacy and safety of low-dose pioglitazone after primary coronary angioplasty with the use of bare metal stent in patients with acute myocardial infarction and with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have beneficial effects on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose pioglitazone (15 mg per day) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and type 2 DM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) treated with coronary angioplasty using bare metal stent (BMS). In 56 patients, pioglitazone was orally administered for 6 months after stenting (pioglitazone group). The incidence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) at acute phase and 6 months after stenting in these patients were retrospectively compared with those in the other 37 patients (control group) treated without pioglitazone. No adverse events including death, emergency bypass surgery, and reinfarction, occurred in any patients in the hospital. There was no congestive heart failure (CHF) during a follow-up period in the pioglitazone group. At 6 months after stenting, the overall angiographic ISR rate was significantly lower in the pioglitazone group than in the control group (28.6% vs 48.6%, P = 0.049). In patients with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <7.0% at follow-up, the ISR rate was also significantly lower in the pioglitazone group than in controls (21.3% vs 44.8%, P = 0.03). Delta-LVEDVI (defined as follow-up LVEDVI minus acute LVEDVI) was similar between the pioglitazone group and control group (0.13 vs 5.16 ml/m², P = 0.482). Low-dose pioglitazone seems to have a potential to reduce ISR and does not adversely affect LV remodeling after AMI treated with coronary angioplasty using BMS in patients with type 2 DM or IGT.     

骨保护素与冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的关系

目的探讨血清骨保护素(OPG)与冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉介入术后支架内再狭窄(ISR)的关系。方法在行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗并于约1年后行冠状动脉造影复查的1 652例糖尿病患者中,135例为ISR患者(ISR组),从其余患者中随机选取85例无ISR的冠心病合并糖尿病患者作为对照(无ISR组)。检测血清OPG水平及生物化学指标,并收集患者的临床资料。通过多变量Logistic回归分析发生ISR的独立危险因素。结果 ISR组血清OPG水平显著高于无ISR组(P<0.001)。与无ISR组相比,ISR组患者的吸烟发生率更高,血清肌酐、总胆固醇、高敏C反应蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平更高,冠状动脉病变更严重,累及的血管更多,肾小球滤过率更低,使用降糖药物治疗患者更少,支架直径更小(P均<0.05)。将血清OPG水平按三分位数分组,在校正了可能的混杂因素后,多变量Logistic回归分析显示血清OPG高水平组发生ISR的风险是低水平组的5.349倍(OR=5.349,95%CI为2.049～13.967,P=0.001),中水平组发生ISR的风险是低水平组的2.711倍(OR=2...     

糖尿病对冠心病药物洗脱支架植入患者临床效果的影响

目的：探讨糖尿病对冠心病药物洗脱支架植入患者疗效的影响。方法：入选2009年7月～2012年9月在我院行冠脉药物洗脱支架植入术患者278例,根据患者是否合并有糖尿病分为冠心病并糖尿病组（n=127）和冠心病组（n=151）,术后对患者进行为期两年随访,比较两组患者的疗效。结果：冠脉造影术显示,冠心病并糖尿病组患者冠脉三支病变发生率显著高于冠心病组患者（39．3％比31．1％,P〈0．05）;两年随访后发现,冠心病并糖尿病组患者远期心脏事件发生率显著高于冠心病组患者（37．0％比17．9％,P〈0．05）。结论：糖尿病对药物洗脱支架植入冠心病患者疗效具有显著影响,在临床上对于这类患者要积极进行降糖治疗。     

Influence of increased epicardial adipose tissue volume on 1-year in-stent restenosis in patients who received coronary stent implantation

Background Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is significantly associated with the formation and composition of coronary atherosclerotic plaque, cardiac events and the clinical prognosis of coronary heart disease. But, whether increased EAT deposition may affect the incidence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) is currently unclear. This study used coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) as a mean to investigate whether increased EAT volume was associated with ISR. Methods A total of 364 patients who underwent 64-slice CCTA examination for the evaluation of suspected coronary artery disease, and subsequently underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the first time, and then accepted coronary angiography (CA) follow-up for ISR examination in one year, were retrospectively included in this study. EAT volume was measured by CCTA examination. CA follow-up was obtained between 9 and 15 months. ISR was de?ned as ≥ 50% luminal diameter narrowing of the stent segment or peri-stent segment. EAT volume was compared between patients with and without ISR and additional well-known predictors of ISR were compared. Results EAT volume was signi?cantly increased in patients with ISR compared with those without ISR (154.5 ± 74.6 mL vs. 131.0 ± 52.2 mL, P < 0.001). The relation between ISR and EAT volume remained signi?cant after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors and angiographic parameters. Conclusions EAT volume was related with ISR and may provide additional information for future ISR.     

Predictors of in-stent restenosis and patient outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes mellitus

Diabetics have a significantly higher incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and in-stent restenosis (ISR) than nondiabetics after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Predictors of MACEs and ISR are uncertain in diabetics. In recent studies, microalbuminuria and proliferative retinopathy have been believed to relate to progressive coronary atherosclerosis. We retrospectively studied 191 consecutive patients (mean age 65 +/- 9 years) with diabetes who underwent PCI to determine predictors of ISR and MACEs (defined as cumulative incidence of myocardial infarction, revascularization, or death from cardiovascular cause), with special reference to microalbuminuria and proliferative retinopathy. Of 191 patients, 106 (56%) had a follow-up coronary angiogram at 16 +/- 2 months. Of these 106 patients, 66 (62%) developed ISR. In the multivariate model, microalbuminuria or proliferative retinopathy did not achieve significant association with ISR. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly associated with a lower incidence of ISR (odds ratio [OR] 0.928, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.876 to 0.983, p = 0.011) and MACEs (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.931 to 1.000, p = 0.048). Use of drug-eluting stents also had a negative association with ISR (OR 0.171, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.585, p = 0.004). Renal insufficiency was associated with higher MACEs (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.45 to 7.031, p = 0.0039). In conclusion, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were inversely associated with ISR or MACEs.     

血清补体C1q与经皮冠状动脉药物洗脱支架植入后支架内再狭窄相关性分析

目的目前经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)药物洗脱支架治疗降低了急性冠脉综合征患者的死亡率,然而冠脉支架内再狭窄(ISR)仍是临床中亟待解决的问题。分析支架内再狭窄的相关因素是减少其发生的关键。方法回顾分析于2016年1月至2019年5月于北京安贞医院住院复查冠脉造影的连续病例201例,排除合并感染、支气管哮喘,风湿免疫性疾病、支架植入术后小于12个月的患者(16例),ISR患者(88例,ISR组)以及非ISR患者(97例,非ISR组)纳入研究。比较2组临床特征,血液生化指标差异。受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)及多因素Logistic回归分析血清学指标与支架内再狭窄的相关性。结果ISR组患者血清三酰甘油[(1.55±1.02)vs.(1.23±0.57)mmol/L]、血清小而密低密度脂蛋白[(0.68±0.30)vs.(0.58±0.23)mmol/L]、血清补体C1q[(184.96±37.22)vs.(157.98±20.93)mmol/L]、花生四烯酸介导的血小板聚集率[(11.85±16.79)vs.(6.94±2.53)%]显著高于非ISR组,差异均具有统计学意义。ROC曲线显示血清补体C1q与ISR呈正相关,其诊断ISR的曲线下面积为0.738,P<0.01。以168.95 mg/L为血清补体C1q截点值,其诊断ISR的灵敏度为65.2%,特异度为75%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血清补体C1q>168.95 mg/L与ISR呈正相关(OR=4.62,95%CI:2.05~10.40,P<0.01)。结论血清补体C1q水平与经皮冠脉药物洗脱支架内再狭窄密切相关,是支架内再狭窄的诊断因素之一。血清补体C1q是经皮冠脉药物洗脱支架内再狭窄防治的潜在靶点,其在冠脉支架内再狭窄中的作用机制有待进一步研究。     

冠状动脉支架术后再狭窄中血管平滑肌细胞表型转换的研究

目的：通过制作猪冠状动脉支架术后再狭窄模型,研究冠状动脉支架内再狭窄时平滑肌细胞表型的变化. 方法：将12只家猪随机分为正常对照组和支架组,每组各6只.正常对照组进行假手术,不做其他处理.支架组家猪于冠状动脉前降支和回旋支各置入裸支架1枚（微创Firebird）.取30 d后经冠状动脉造影确定发生再狭窄的血管段,HE染色观察组织形态;取中层平滑肌细胞培养,电镜观察细胞形态与结构;Western blot测定缝隙连接蛋白（connexin,Cx）43、Cx40、a-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）、S100钙结合蛋白A4 （S100A4）的表达. 结果：支架组血管内膜显著增厚,中层平滑肌细胞以长菱形平滑肌细胞（R-SMC）为主,而对照组以纺锤形平滑肌细胞（S-SMC）为主;支架组Cx43、S100A4表达较对照组增强,Cx40、α-SMA表达较对照组降低（P＜0.01）.结论：经皮冠状动脉介入术后S-SMC向R-SMC的转换可能参与了再狭窄过程.