Efficacy and safety of terlipressin in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding or hepatorenal syndrome

Terlipressin is an analog of the natural hormone arginine-vasopressin. It is used in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and bleeding esophageal varices (BEV) and in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS): two of the most dramatic and feared complications of cirrhosis. Terlipressin exerts its main pharmacological effect through stimulation of vasopressin-1 receptors. These receptors are located in vascular smooth muscle and mediate vasoconstriction. In patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, treatment with terlipressin increases mean arterial pressure and decreases portal flow and pressure within minutes of administration. Furthermore, in patients with ascites terlipressin improves glomerular filtration and excretion of sodium. Terlipressin decreases failure of initial hemostasis by 34%, decreases mortality by 34%, and is considered a first-line treatment for BEV, when available. Terlipressin in combination with albumin reverses type 1 HRS in 33%–60% of cases and is the only treatment with proven efficacy in randomized trials. The safety profile is favorable when considering the clinical efficacy and the high mortality of these clinical entities. Adverse events are mostly cardiovascular and related to vasoconstriction. Mortality and withdrawal of terlipressin due to adverse events occurs in less than 1% of cases. Mild adverse events related to terlipressin treatment occur in 10%–20% of patients. The benefit, however, of terlipressin on long-term survival in HRS remains to be determined. At present, treatment with terlipressin and albumin is considered the most efficient therapy and should therefore be recommended for the treatment of type 1 HRS-1.     

Uterine rupture in patients with a history of multiple curettages: Two case reports

BACKGROUNDUterine rupture is a serious obstetric emergency, a severe event, and a serious threat to maternal and fetal life. It is a rare and not well characterized by the fact that multiple operations of uterine cavities contribute to uterine rupture during pregnancy. Atypical uterine rupture is easily misdiagnosed as other obstetric or surgical diseases. In current guidelines, abdominocentesis is a contraindication for late pregnancy. Therefore, the cases presented in this report provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment of uterine rupture.CASE SUMMARYCase 1, a 34-year-old woman (gravida 5, para 2), 32 wk and 4 d of gestation, presented with acute upper abdominal pain for 8 h with nausea and vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) revealed pelvic and abdominal effusion. We extracted 3 mL unclotted blood from her abdominal cavity. An emergency caesarean section was performed. A uterine rupture was found, and the fimbrial portion of the left fallopian tube was completely adhered to the rupture. The prognosis of both the mother and the infant was good. Case 2, a 39-year-old woman (gravida 10, para 1) at 34 wk and 3 d of gestation complained of persistent lower abdominal pain for half a day. Her vital signs were normal. CT revealed a high probability of pelvic and abdominal hemoperitoneum. We extracted 4 mL dark red blood without coagulation. An emergency laparotomy was performed. Uterine rupture was identified during the operation. Postoperative course in both the mother and infant was uneventful.CONCLUSIONFor pregnant women in the second or the third trimester with persistent abdominal pain, abdominal effusion, fetal distress and even fetal death, the possibility of uterine rupture should be highly suspected. CT can identify acute abdominal surgical or gynecological and obstetric diseases. Abdominocentesis is helpful for diagnosing and clarifying the nature of effusion, but its clinical value need to be confirmed by further clinical studies.     

Impaired glucose tolerance with neurological manifestations in insulinoma

Insulinoma may have an atypical presentation and it should be suspected in patients with neurological manifestations in spite of an atypical insulin and proinsulin levels associated with hypoglycemia. Fast test is an important tool to reach the diagnosis.     

A rare case of neurological dysfunction due to severe hyponatremia after carotid artery endarterectomy: A review of the clinical approach to hyponatremia

Development of severe hyponatremia after carotid endarterectomy procedure is rare. Several pathophysiological mechanisms related to the carotid endarterectomy procedure may infer an increased risk of developing this complication in specific populations.     

门静脉高压症腹腔镜胆囊切除术13例临床分析

目的 分析肝硬变门静脉高压症病人腹腔镜胆囊切除的手术适应证和手术方法。方法 A组为该院1998～2005年13例门静脉高压症的胆囊结石病人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。B组为随机抽取同期腹腔镜胆囊切除术200例。将两组进行比较。结果 病人手术顺利，无术后再出血及中转开腹。A组手术时间及术后住院日长于对照组。A组病人术后胆囊床积液及发热高于对照组。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术对于正确选择的肝硬变门静脉高压症胆囊结石病人是安全的。     

Neurological manifestations in patients with COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

IntroductionThe intensification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) complications, severe symptoms, and high mortality rate has led researchers to focus on this significant issue. While respiratory and cardiac complications have been described as high‐risk manifestations in patients with COVID‐19, neurological complications can also enhance mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of neurological complications arises from SARS‐CoV‐2 and assess the mortality rate from neurological complications.Material and MethodsLiterature review was conducted by searching in PubMed/Medline, Web of Sciences, and Embase. After performing search strategies with relevant terms, a number of articles were excluded, including review articles, systematic review or meta‐analysis, duplicate publication of same researchers, congress abstracts, animal studies, case reports, case series, and articles reporting a history of neurological features prior to COVID‐19 infection. After retrieving the data, statistical analysis was performed using the STATA Version 14 software.ResultsFrom 4455 retrieved publications, 20 articles were selected for further analysis. Among 18,258 included patients, 2791 showed neurological symptoms, which were classified into different groups. Headache, confusion, and fatigue were reported as the most non‐specific neurological features in confirmed COVID‐19 patients. Psychiatric symptoms, CNS disorders, cerebrovascular disorders, CNS inflammatory disorders, PNS disorders, neuromuscular disorders, etc., were defined as specific neurological manifestations. The pooled prevalence of neurological manifestations and mortality rate of COVID‐19 patients with neurological features were estimated to be 23.0% (95% CI: 17.8–29.2) and 29.1% (95% CI: 20.3–39.8), respectively.ConclusionNeurological manifestations may commonly happen in patients with COVID‐19. This study reported a high prevalence of neurological complications and mortality rates in COVID‐19 patients. Therefore, patients with COVID‐19 who indicated neurological symptoms should be taken seriously and should receive early treatment to prevent undesirable events.     

Comparison of neurological clinical manifestation in patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the third leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. Anyone suspected of having a stroke should be taken immediately to a medical facility for diagnosis and treatment. The symptoms that follow a stroke aren't significant and depend on the area of the brain that has been affected and the amount of tissue damaged. Parameters for predicting long-term outcome in such patients have not been clearly delineated, therefore the aim of this study was to investigate this possibility and to test a system that might practicably be used routinely to aid management and predict outcomes of individual stroke patients.     

单克隆免疫球蛋白病合并神经功能异常1例及文献复习

单克隆免疫球蛋白病由一组异质性疾病组成,以血或尿中存在单克隆免疫球蛋白为特征表现,此类疾病临床表现多样,神经功能异常为其中之一。本院收治1例单克隆免疫球蛋白血症合并神经功能异常患者,确诊为Bing Neel综合征,给予美罗华600 mg d1+氟迷拉滨40 mg d2~4+环磷酰胺0.3 g d2~4(RFC方案)化疗,同时联合鞘内注射,临床症状明显改善。     

Implant‐supported bar overdentures in patients treated surgically for head and neck cancer: Two case reports

Prosthetic rehabilitation of patients who have undergone head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery could be very challenging. The aim of this article is to present two HNC clinical cases rehabilitated with implant‐supported removable complete dental prosthesis with different types of CB.     

Liver manifestations in COVID-19 patients: A review article

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) initially presented as a disease that affected the lungs. Then, studies revealed that it intricately affected disparate organs in the human body, with the liver being one of the most affected organs. This review aimed to assess the association between COVID-19 and liver function, shedding light on its clinical implication. However, its exact pathophysiology remains unclear, involving many factors, such as active viral replication in the liver cells, direct cytotoxic effects of the virus on the liver or adverse reactions to viral antigens. Liver symptoms are mild-to-moderate transaminase elevation. In some patients, with underlying liver disease, more serious outcomes are observed. Thus, liver function should be meticulously considered in patients with COVID-19.     

神经系统症状为首发表现的血栓性血小板减少性紫癜1例报告

<正>血栓性血小板减少性紫癜(TTP)是血液科急重症,根据"五联征"或"三联征"诊断并不困难。但此病临床上少见,大多急骤起病、进展快、病情凶险、缺乏特异性临床症状和体征,容易误诊、漏诊。本病例以中枢神经系统症状为首发表现,首先考虑为脑膜脑炎或脑血管病等神经系统疾病,且患者合     

小牛血清去蛋白注射液治疗颅脑损伤患者神经功能缺损

目的：观察小牛血清去蛋白注射液治疗颅脑损伤后神经功能缺损的临床疗效。方法将我院2014年6月至2015年6月收治的84例患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各42例。观察组给予小牛血清去蛋白注射液治疗,对照组给予吡拉西坦注射液治疗,观察8周。治疗前后采用神经功能缺损程度量表评分临床疗效。结果观察组总有效率92．9％,对照组81．0％,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;治疗后两组内和两组间神经功能缺损程度量表评分比较,均有极显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论小牛血清去蛋白注射液治疗颅脑损伤后神经功能缺损临床效果优于吡拉西坦注射液,可显著提高患者的生活质量,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Immediate effects of different schedules of somatostatin on portal pressure in patients with liver cirrhosis

What is known and Objective: Somatostatin (SST) is used for the treatment of acute variceal bleeding based on its ability to decrease portal pressure and collateral blood flow. To date, no studies have focused on the immediate–early effects (between 1 and 30 min) of SST. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different schedules of SST therapy with placebo on portal pressure in patients with portal hypertension treated with portal‐azygous disconnection and to test whether an increase in bolus or infusion dose can improve the clinical efficacy of SST therapy. Methods: Patients were treated with four different schedules: (a) standard dose (n = 11): one 250 μg bolus + a continuous infusion of 250 μg/h; (b) medium dose (n = 10): 500 μg bolus + a continuous infusion of 250 μg/h; (c) high dose (n = 10): 250 μg bolus + a continuous infusion of 500 μg/h; (d) control (n = 10): an injection of placebo (saline) followed by a placebo infusion. Following SST or placebo administration, portal pressure, central venous pressure (CVP), systemic blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were measured at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 30 min. Results and Discussion: The three schedules of SST induced a marked, rapid and highly significant decrease in portal pressure. The decline in portal pressure was moderate at 1 min (P < 0·040), achieved a peak effect at 5 min (P < 0·009) and remained decreased at 30 min. The effect of SST on portal pressure was significantly greater than placebo from 1 min after administration. There were no significant differences in portal pressure decrease between the three schedules of SST. The three schedules of SST and the placebo schedule did not induce significant changes in HR, systemic blood pressure and CVP. What is new and Conclusion: This study shows that SST is effective in decreasing portal pressure within 30 min of administration in patients with liver cirrhosis. The clinical schedule used in this study was reasonable and safe.     

重视炎症性肠病的皮肤表现

炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease, IBD）患者皮肤表现类型多样,包括炎症累及皮肤的IBD特异性皮肤表现及反应性皮肤表现;与IBD并发的皮肤表现,以及继发于其他原因而出现的IBD继发性皮肤表现。溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis, UC）患者以结节性红斑、坏疽性脓皮病为多见;克罗恩病（Crohn's disease, CD）患者以皮肤的脓肿和瘘管多见。IBD皮肤表现可以出现在IBD诊断之前、之后或同时,部分特殊类型皮肤表现的出现对IBD诊断具有提示意义。IBD皮肤损害的治疗应以控制IBD病情为基础,根据皮肤损害的类型针对性治疗。