U99194A对睡眠剥夺小鼠认知功能及海马肥大细胞活化的影响

目的:研究多巴胺受体3（dopamine receptor three, D3R）拮抗剂U99194A对睡眠剥夺（sleep deprivation, SD）小鼠认知功能及海马肥大细胞活化的影响。方法:将42只雄性C57BL/6小鼠采用随机数字表法分为3组（每组14只）：对照组（Ctrl组）、睡眠剥夺组（SD组）及睡眠...     

肥大细胞稳定剂对重症急性胰腺炎肺脏的保护作用

目的探讨肥大细胞（MC）稳定剂酮替芬对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）大鼠肺脏的保护作用。方法SAP大鼠模型前或模型后30min给予酮替芬，模型后3h及6h取大鼠肺组织行苏木素-伊红（HE）染色计算病理评分，甲苯胺蓝及免疫组织化学染色计算MC数目，测定髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性了解中性粒细胞（PMN）聚集程度，Western blot法检测类胰蛋白酶表达。结果酮替芬预处理组3h及6h肺病理评分为1．30及1．58，相应时段SAP组肺病理评分为2．27及3．03，两组同时段比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），酮替芬早期治疗组3h及6h病理评分为1．43及1．61。与酮替芬预处理组同时段比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。各组甲苯胺蓝及免疫组织化学染色MC计数、MPO活性亦呈上述趋势。酮替芬处理组类胰蛋白酶表达较SAP组明显下降。结论预防性或SAP早期应用酮替芬，可减轻SAP肺组织的损害。     

IL-17A对脂多糖致老年大鼠早期中枢炎症和场景性恐惧实验的作用

目的探讨IL-17A对脂多糖(LPS)致老年大鼠早期中枢炎症和恐惧实验的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠70只,18月龄,首先取30只大鼠随机均分为五组:腹腔注射生理盐水(生理盐水组,A组)、腹腔注射LPS 500μg/kg 6h组(B组)、12h组(C组)、24h组(D组)、48h组(E组)。检测LPS注射后各组大鼠海马IL-17A的表达。随后,将剩余40只大鼠随机均分为四组:空白对照组(O组)、IL-17A抗体组(P组)、LPS腹腔注射组(Q组)、IL-17A抗体+LPS腹腔注射组(R组)。P组和R组大鼠侧脑室给予IL-17A抗体3μl(200μg/μl),O组和Q组给予同体积生理盐水;30min后,Q组和R组大鼠腹腔注射LPS(500μg/kg),O组和P组给予同体积生理盐水,24h后各组行场景性恐惧实验,记录四组大鼠的僵直时间,检测海马TNF-α和IL-6水平及CA1区Iba1阳性细胞的表达。结果 B、C和D组大鼠海马中IL-17A的表达明显高于A组(P0.01),E与A组IL-17A的表达差异无统计学意义;Q组和R组大鼠僵直反应时间明显短于O组(P0.05或P0.01),R组大鼠僵直反应时间明显长于Q组(P0.01);Q组和R组大鼠海马TNF-α和IL-6的水平明显高于O组(P0.01),R组大鼠海马TNF-α和IL-6水平明显低于Q组(P0.01);Q组和R组大鼠海马CA1区Iba1阳性细胞数目明显多于O组,R组大鼠海马CA1区Iba1阳性细胞数目明显少于Q组(P0.05)。结论 IL-17A参与LPS引起的老年大鼠早期中枢炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的表达、小胶质细胞的活化以及场景性恐惧实验的僵直时间改变。     

中枢端对中枢端神经吻合治疗痛性指神经瘤

中枢端对中枢端神经吻合治疗痛性指神经瘤王大伟，陈传庆，刘闽生，杨晓飞，范保兴截指术后疼痛性指神经瘤较多见，无论采取重新安置神经未端，还是单纯切除神经瘤的方法，其术后复发率很高￣（１）。１９８１年Ｓａｍｉｉ￣（２）首次采用中枢端对中枢端吻合（Ｃｅｎｔｒ...     

microRNAs在神经系统生长发育和疾病中的作用

背景 microRNAs(miRNAs)是一群长约21～23个核苷酸的小片段非编码内源性RNAs,通过在转录后水平调节多个靶标,参与多种信号通路的调节,在诊断疾病、评估预后、防治疾病等方面具有广泛的应用前景. 目的 阐述miRNAs在神经系统中的作用. 内容 miRNAs在神经系统的生长发育分化过程、神经系统退行性疾病、神经系统肿瘤以及脑损伤的发生发展过程中的重要作用. 趋向 miRNAs可用于神经系统疾病的诊断、防治.     

术后认知功能障碍与中枢炎症

术后认知功能障碍（postoperative cognmve dysfunction,POCD）好发予老年患者,虽已渐为熟知。但POCD的发病机制仍不清楚。中枢炎症反应可能是其发病机制之一．涉及神经退行性变．手术应激、细胞因子释放、GSK-3β和胶质细胞的活性等多因素。     

针灸治疗中枢作用机制的fMRI研究进展

磁共振功能成像（functional magnetic resonance imaging，fMRI）是研究针灸的中枢机制的一种重要的有效手段，本文就近年来这一方面的fMRI研究的现状和进展做一综述。     

术后认知功能障碍与中枢炎症之间的可能联系

术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)是一种手术麻醉后新发的认知功能减退,严重影响患者术后生存质量。目前关于POCD的病理生理机制尚不明确,但中枢炎症被认为在其中起重要作用。文章对POCD与中枢炎症可能联系的研究进展进行综述:手术麻醉引起全身系统性炎症反应,炎性因子以直接通过血脑屏障(blood brain barrier,BBB)、破坏BBB或激活多种信号通路等方式引发中枢系统炎症;中枢炎症进一步通过炎症消退迟缓、炎症因子直接作用或非炎性介质间接影响等方式作用于患者的认知功能,从而引发POCD;POCD的风险因素也与中枢炎症密切相关;基于POCD中枢炎症机制的干预措施对POCD预防可能有积极意义。     

星形胶质细胞在围术期神经认知障碍中作用机制的研究进展

星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中数量最多的细胞.在生理状态下,星形胶质细胞主要为神经元提供能量及营养支持、影响突触形成及突触可塑性、参与神经递质的代谢和血脑屏障的形成并影响血脑屏障的通透性.在手术麻醉应激下,星形胶质细胞被过度激活,介导神经炎症过程、影响神经元能量供应及递质的代谢、导致突触的可塑性异常和血脑屏障破坏以及通透...     

我国干细胞治疗神经系统疾病有关文献的初步分析

目的探讨干细胞治疗的神经系统疾病病种、年龄分布、干细胞种类、移植途径、治疗效果及随访情况,以为广大医务工作者提供一些参考,从而推动干细胞在临床应用方面走的更远。方法应用计算机在万方全文数据库以“干细胞、脑、治疗、临床、患者;题名：干细胞、例;关键词：干细胞、脑;摘要：干细胞、脑、治疗、临床”和“干细胞、神经、治疗、临床、患者;题名：干细胞、例;关键词：干细胞、神经;摘要：于细胞、神经、治疗、临床”为检索策略,限定文章语言种类为中文,起始时间未做限定,终点时间限定为2012年5月止,分别得到文献156篇、234篇,获得文献阅读后进一步剔除,最终得到69篇有价值的文章见参考文献。结果①2259例患者接受干细胞治疗,疾病种类涉及脊髓病变、脑血管病、运动神经元病、帕金森病等,其中脊髓病变最多（36％）;②年龄跨度为0．5岁-78岁,男女比为1477：782;③所用干细胞种类以自体骨髓间充质干细胞和脐带源最多见;④多以腰穿鞘内注射作为移植途径,治疗效果因观察指标不统一,无法具体计算显效率、好转率等指标,但所有报道均示有一定效果,且副作用少;⑤随访时间不等,最短1周,最长达37个月,多集中在3个月、6个月。结论在我国干细胞已被临床上用于治疗多种神经系统疾病,有一定效果,但没有统一的和／或优先的干细胞移植途径、移植条件及移植时间窗,且研究多为单中心、小样本、非随机的研究,以后需要更多的临床病例和随访资料,最好是采用多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照的试验方法去获得最有价值的临床循证依据。     

The effects of urine on mast cells and smooth muscle of the human ureter

Summary Electron microscopy was performed on normal human ureteral rings before and after incubation in human urine for 30 minutes. A large number of mast cells was detected subepithelially and in close proximity to smooth muscle fibres. Treatment with urine (346 mOsm/l) induced various degrees of degranulation in the majority of mast cells. Some membrane bound granules were found free in the surrounding connective tissue and near smooth muscle cells indicating rupture of the cell membrane. In the functional study frequency and amplitude of peristaltic contractions were studied in-vitro. Addition of urine increased frequency and amplitude of peristaltic contractions and addition of the histamine-1-blocker mepyramine (10^-6 M) partially reversed these changes. It can be concluded that in a situation with urothelial damage such as ureteral calculus, urine can penetrate subepithelially and induce degranulation of mast cells with release of mediators. This is followed by forceful peristaltic contractions which are induced by histamine and other newly formed mediators such as prostaglandins. The process is likely to occur in renal colic with impacted kidney stones.Supported by Grant No. MA 015, Kuwait University     

麻醉药对发育期中枢神经系统影响的研究进展

背景 大量研究发现麻醉药可导致发育期神经细胞变性凋亡,但临床研究中却未能得到确证.目的 就麻醉药导致发育期神经细胞变性凋亡及一些改善这些影响的研究进行综述.内容 麻醉药如氯胺酮、异氟烷和丙泊酚等可诱发发育期中枢神经系统神经细胞变性、凋亡,由此推测这些药物可能诱发小儿中枢神经细胞变性、凋亡,进而影响预后.最近研究发现,另...     

骨骼对中枢神经系统调控作用的研究进展

骨骼一直被认为是惰性器官。近年来,研究发现骨骼作为一个重要的内分泌组织,通过感知和整合不同刺激,向中枢神经系统发送信号。骨骼影响中枢系统功能的机制,可能是通过分泌骨源性因子（骨钙素、骨硬化蛋白、Dickkopf相关蛋白1、脂质运载蛋白2、成纤维细胞生长因子23）,或者通过骨源性细胞（骨髓间充质干细胞、骨髓来源的小胶质样细胞）的生物调控。本文对以上骨骼影响中枢神经系统生物学作用的潜在机制进行初步探讨,为防治中枢神经系统疾病提供新方向。     

神经系统疾病的血液净化治疗进展

近年来,血液净化疗法在临床得到广泛应用,其可通过非肾途径将体内的代谢废物、毒素、抗体、免疫复合物、药物以及其他有害和致病物质从血液中排出体外,从而达到治疗疾病的目的。目前,血液净化疗法在神经系统疾病的治疗亦越来越被关注,如对神经系统疾病相关炎性因子、抗体及致病物质的清除,可显著缓解患者神经精神症状,为神经系统疾病开辟了新的治疗途径。     

The presumed central nervous system effects of rocuronium in a neonate and its reversal with sugammadex

We describe a 2‐day‐old male infant who received rocuronium as part of general anesthesia for a tracheal esophageal fistula repair. Postoperatively, he had prolonged central and peripheral neuromuscular blockade despite cessation of the rocuronium infusion several hours previously. This case discusses the presumed central nervous system effects of rocuronium in a neonate and its effective reversal with sugammadex.     

Tumours of the central nervous system

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification lists 85 types of primary tumours in the central nervous system, each grouped according to their cell lineage. Simpler classifications exist for various clinical categories. The central nervous system (CNS) comprises both brain and spine, and different tumours are commonly found in one region over another. Children tend to acquire different types of tumours to adults, although some tumours occur in both groups. Primary tumours arise from the local cells in the area, but secondary tumours (metastases) are thought to arrive by haematogenous spread. The grade of the tumour, a histological diagnosis, informs us of its nature in terms of how benign or malignant (invasive/infiltrative) it is, and so helps us predict prognosis. Benign tumours, because of size or position, can be life-threatening. In most cases the mortality rates of CNS tumours have improved over time, but despite the technological advances in medicine there are some groups of tumours whose prognosis has remained unchanged for the past 50 years. We describe the general principles of diagnosing and treating CNS tumours with regard to the common tumour types in each category.     

增生性瘢痕中肥大细胞的种类及分布

揭示瘢痕增生与肥大细胞的关系是本研究的目的。取临床病人的增生性瘢痕和相邻或相近部位的正常皮肤作电镜切片和特殊染色的光镜切片。光镜发现：瘢痕中肥大细胞主要分布在各层血管周围及胶原纤维束之间，其数量比正常皮肤中的多（Ｐ＜００１）；瘢痕中爱先蓝阳性肥大细胞的比值也比正常皮肤中的高（Ｐ＜００１）；增生性瘢痕中存在一定数量（１１２４％±０４５％）的粘膜肥大细胞。电镜发现：增生性瘢痕中存在一定量的较不成熟的肥大细胞和脱颗粒的肥大细胞；部分肥大细胞与成纤维细胞有胞膜接触。增生性瘢痕与肥大细胞有关     

气体信号分子H2S与中枢神经系统的关系研究进展

细胞的信号分子有3种类型:亲脂性信号分子、亲水性信号分子、气体性信号分子。近年来气体信号分子在细胞信号转导中的作用备受关注。Abe等[1]1996年首次通过实验证明内源性H2S可能作为一种神经活性物质而存在。Wang[2]总结近年相继发现的两种内源性气体信号分子———一氧化氮(     

Increased expression of mast cells in reflux nephropathy

End-stage renal disease is characterized by interstitial infiltrate of inflammatory cells in association with tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Mast cells (MCs) secrete a large number of fibrogenic factors and have been implicated in chronic inflammatory processes with fibrous tissue deposition. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of MCs in kidneys with reflux nephropathy (RN) and to determine the relationship between MCs and the interstitial fibrotic process in RN. Kidney specimens from 12 patients (aged 2–13 years) with severe RN secondary to primary high-grade vesicoureteral reflux, obtained at the time of nephrectomy, and 5 controls were examined. Sections were investigated histochemically by acid toluidine blue (TB) and immunohistochemically with antibodies for anti MC-tryptase, MC-chymase, c-kit (CD117), and fibronectin. Double staining for fibronectin and MC-tryptase was performed and examined using confocal scanning microscopy. TB histochemistry showed a marked increase of MCs in RN specimens compared with controls. MC-tryptase, chymase, and c-kit immunopositive MC infiltration was significantly higher in RN samples (14.2±9.6) than controls (1.3±0.8), (P<0.05). In all the sections there were more MC-tryptase-positive cells than MC-chymase-positive MCs. Double staining showed increased immunoreactivity of MCs and fibrosis in the renal interstitium of kidneys with RN. The number of infiltrating tryptase-positive MCs was correlated with the degree of interstitial renal scarring. This study demonstrates for the first time the increased expression of MCs in RN, suggesting that MCs may be involved in the development of scarring in RN.