食管癌患者术前睡眠障碍与术后谵妄的相关性

目的探讨食管癌根治术患者术前睡眠障碍与术后谵妄(POD)的相关性,以及睡眠参数与POD的关系。方法选择2019年9—12月择期行食管癌根治术患者97例,男71例,女26例,年龄60～75岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。根据是否发生POD将患者分为两组:未发生POD组(nPOD组)和发生POD组(POD组)。采用双腔支气管插管全身麻醉,术中维持血流动力学平稳、采用小潮气量肺保护性通气策略,术后采用患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)。术前1 d采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表评价睡眠质量,并记录入睡时间、觉醒次数、觉醒时间、睡眠时间等睡眠参数。术后1～7 d采用意识评估(CAM)量表进行认知功能评估。结果术后7 d内共有24例(25%)患者发生POD。与nPOD组比较,POD组术前合并睡眠障碍发生率明显升高,觉醒次数明显增多,觉醒时间明显延长,有效睡眠时间明显缩短,觉醒占总睡眠比例(WASO)明显升高(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,觉醒次数增加(OR=3.868,95%CI 1.645～9.006,P=0.002)和有效睡眠时间缩短(OR=3.802,95%CI 1.577～9.174,P=0.003)是POD的独立危险因素。结论术前合并睡眠障碍的食管癌根治术患者发生POD风险增加,睡眠中断以及有效睡眠时间缩短进一步增加POD发生风险。     

术前睡眠质量对老年患者术后谵妄发生的影响

目的探讨术前睡眠质量对老年患者术后谵妄(POD)发生的影响。方法选择择期全凭静脉麻醉下经腹行肿瘤根治术患者,年龄65~86岁,BMI 18~25kg/m2,ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级。术前根据匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)分为睡眠障碍组(≥5分,D组)和睡眠正常组(5分,C组),每组50例,男71例,女29例。两组均采用丙泊酚、舒芬太尼和罗库溴铵进行麻醉诱导和维持,麻醉深度维持在BIS值40~60。记录术中丙泊酚、舒芬太尼、阿托品、麻黄碱、艾司洛尔、硝酸甘油等使用情况,记录麻醉时间、手术时间、PACU停留时间和术后住院时间,记录术后1~5d数字疼痛(NRS)评分和恢复质量评分量表-40(QoR-40)总分。采用意识模糊评定量表(CAM)于术前1d和术后1~5d进行谵妄评估。结果 D组术前PSQI评分明显高于C组(P0.05)。两组患者术中丙泊酚、舒芬太尼用量和血管活性药使用例数差异无统计学意义,麻醉时间、手术时间和PACU停留时间差异无统计学意义。D组术后住院时间明显长于C组(P0.05)。术后1、2和3d,D组NRS评分明显高于C组,QoR-40总分明显低于C组(P0.05)。术后1~5d,两组总计21例(21.0%)发生POD,其中D组15例(30.0%)和C组6例(12.0%),D组POD发生率明显高于C组(P0.05)。D组POD患者的谵妄持续时间明显长于C组(P0.05)。术后2dD组POD发生率明显高于C组(P0.05)。结论术前睡眠障碍可增加老年患者POD发生率并对术后早期恢复质量产生负面影响,应引起重视。     

中国老年患者术后谵妄防治专家共识

术后谵妄(postoperative delirium, POD)是老年患者术后常见并发症, 影响短期和长期预后。随着老年患者手术比例不断增加, POD的防治也日益受到关注。本共识基于国内外现有的文献证据, 围绕老年患者POD的定义和诊断、术前评估和术前准备、术中麻醉管理和监测、术后管理和治疗四个方面分别进行总结, 通过共识工作组多次讨论而最终成稿, 以期为老年患者POD防治提供参考和借鉴。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对全麻老年患者全膝关节置换术后早期睡眠的影响

目的探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚术前用药对全麻老年患者术后早期睡眠的影响。方法选择全凭静脉麻醉下择期行首次全膝关节置换术(TKA)患者60例,男15例,女45例,年龄65～80岁,BMI 20～30 kg/m~2,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组)和对照组(C组),每组30例。P组在术前30 min肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚1 mg;C组则给予生理盐水1 ml。采用脑电双频谱指数(BIS)监测术后第1晚睡眠时间、睡眠效率和睡眠质量;采用匹兹堡睡眠量表(PSQI)于术前1 d、术后24、72 h评估两组患者睡眠,总分≥7分为术后睡眠障碍,记录两组患者术后早期睡眠障碍的发生率;采用数字模拟评分(VAS)评估患者术前1 d、术后24、72 h静息和活动时疼痛程度。观察术后3 d盐酸戊乙奎醚相关口干、面红等不良反应发生情况。结果术后第1晚P组睡眠时间明显短于C组,睡眠效率和睡眠质量明显低于C组(P0.05)。与术前1 d比较,术后1、3 d两组睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍评分和PSQI评分均明显升高(P0.05);与术后1 d比较,术后3 d两组患者睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍评分和PSQI评分均明显降低(P0.05);术后1 d P组患者睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍评分和PSQI评分明显高于C组(P0.05)。术后1 d P组患者睡眠障碍发生率明显高于C组(P0.05);术后3 d两组患者睡眠障碍发生率差异无统计学意义。两组患者不同时点静息和活动时VAS评分差异均无统计学意义。两组患者术后3 d均未发现与盐酸戊乙奎醚相关的口干、面红等不良反应。结论术前应用盐酸戊乙奎醚可降低老年患者术后早期睡眠质量,干扰其术后早期睡眠。     

术前焦虑与术后谵妄的研究进展

术后谵妄(POD)是一种常见的手术并发症,表现为术后注意力和意识的急性和波动性认知能力障碍,严重影响患者的康复,是患者不良预后的预测指标之一。目前临床普遍存在的术前焦虑为POD的独立危险因素,在POD的发生、发展过程中发挥着重要作用。针对术前焦虑患者,采取积极、合理的干预措施,或将有效地减少术后谵妄的发生。本文通过探讨术前焦虑对POD的影响,围绕POD的产生原因、作用机制、预防方法等方面进行综述,以期阐明术前焦虑与POD之间的关系,为POD的防治提供新的思路和方法。     

髋关节置换术老年患者术后谵妄与术前脑脊液β淀粉样蛋白-42和Tau蛋白的关系

目的 研究髋关节置换术老年患者术后谵妄(POD)与术前脑脊液β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)-42、Tau及磷酸化Tau(pTau)水平的关系.方法 在蛛网膜下腔麻醉下行全髋关节置换术、ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级、年龄65～90岁的老年患者82例,术前应用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)对认知功能进行评定,术后根据谵妄评定法(CAM)将患者分为POD和非POD组.检测术前脑脊液Aβ-42、Tau及pTau水平,记录并分析围术期的相关危险因素.结果 髋关节置换术老年患者POD发生率为36.6％,其中年龄及术前认知功能水平为POD的高危因素(P＜0.05).与非POD组比较,POD组患者术前脑脊液中pTau明显升高,而Aβ-42降低(P＜0.05).结论 术前脑脊液中pTau及Aβ-42水平与POD发生相关,可以作为预测POD的指标.     

右美托咪定预防老年患者术后谵妄的研究进展

术后谵妄(POD)是老年患者术后的常见并发症，此外，重症监护病房(ICU)患者和既往认知障碍患者也属于POD高危人群。然而，由于其机制尚不明确，目前尚缺乏有效治疗措施。近年来的研究表明右美托咪定可有效预防和减少老年患者POD的发生。本文综述了POD的概述、右美托咪定预防POD的相关机制及其预防老年患者POD的研究进展，以进一步优化围术期管理，减少POD的发生。     

对冠状动脉介入治疗患者手术前后睡眠障碍的护理调查分析

目的 调查冠状动脉介入手术患者手术前后睡眠障碍发生的情况、主要原因 探讨专科护理措施对改善介入治疗患者术前、术后失眠的效果.方法 自行设计调查问卷对笔者所在医院180例介入治疗的患者手术前后的睡眠状况进行调查,针对所出现的失眠状况评估原因,给予个性化综合护理.结果 经过专业的评估后发现介入术前约27%的患者出现睡眠障碍,介入手术后有约54%的患者出现睡眠障碍,发生睡眠障碍的主要原因为体位不适、腰背酸痛、噪音、治疗等.结论 PCI患者术前及术后睡眠质量较差,采取有效的护理措施后能在一定程度上改善患者的睡眠质量.     

老年髋部骨折术后谵妄患者血生化等指标观察分析

目的分析老年髋部骨折术后谵妄(POD)患者血生化指标、血制品消耗及下肢静脉彩超结果 ,并探讨POD影响因素。方法纳入2016年1月到2019年12月间100例老年髋部骨折POD患者(POD组)作为研究对象,并随机抽取同期收治的100例未发生POD的老年髋部骨折患者(非POD组)作为对照组。比较两组一般资料、血生化指标、血制品消耗及下肢静脉彩超结果,采用logistics回归分析影响POD发生的因素。结果 (1)POD组手术前住院时间长于非POD组(P0.05),POD组糖尿病史、脑梗死史占比高于非POD组(P0.05);(2)POD组和非POD组术后血钠、血钾、术中出血量及有无下肢静脉血栓对比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),POD组术前血红蛋白≤100mg/L占比、围手术期输血量、围术期蛋白消耗量均高于非POD组(P0.05),POD组手术前后白蛋白均低于非POD组(P0.05);(3)Logistics回归分析显示:年龄、脑梗死病史、围术期输血量和蛋白消耗量均是影响POD发生的独立危险因素(P0.05),术前白蛋白是影响POD发生的保护因素(P0.05)。结论老年髋部骨折POD患者与非POD患者在血生化指标、血制品消耗方面存在差异,其中年龄、脑梗死病史、围术期输血量、蛋白消耗量和术前白蛋白是影响POD发生的独立因素。     

心脏手术患者术前长期睡眠障碍与术后痛觉过敏的关系

目的评价心脏手术患者术前长期睡眠障碍与术后痛觉过敏的关系。方法全身麻醉下行体外循环心脏瓣膜手术患者181例,年龄≥18岁,性别不限。术前1 d采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)问卷评估其最近1个月的睡眠质量,PSQI>5分表明存在长期睡眠障碍。术后进行舒芬太尼镇痛。术后根据数字疼痛量表(NRS)评分将患者分为2组:无痛觉过敏组(NHA组,NRS评分<4分)和痛觉过敏组(HA组,NRS评分≥4分) 。采用logistic回归分析筛选术后痛觉过敏的危险因素。结果 logistic回归分析显示,吸烟史和术前长期睡眠障碍是术后痛觉过敏的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论术前长期睡眠障碍可能导致心脏手术患者术后痛觉过敏。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.