童式前路悬吊术与悬带成形术治疗压力性尿失禁临床疗效对比研究

手术治疗压力性尿失禁（SUI）的方法很多，经典的为经阴道无张力尿道中段悬带及悬吊术（IVS及TVT），治疗效果肯定。2004年7月至2005年6月，我们采用经阴道尿道中段网片悬吊术（童式前路悬吊术，国家专利z1200420021306．7）治疗SUI，与同期行IVS术者进行临床疗效等的短期对比研究。现报告如下。     

经耻骨后和经闭孔尿道中段无张力悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效观察

目的:观察经耻骨后和经闭孔尿道无张力悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁(Stress urinary incontinence,SUI)的疗效。方法:选择女性SUI患者198例,病程2~25年,平均7.3年;年龄41~78岁,平均58.3岁。采用经耻骨后无张力阴道吊带术(tension-free vaginal tape,TVT,57例为TVT组)或经闭孔尿道下无张力吊带术(transobturator vaginal tape inside-out,TVT-O,141例为TVT-O组)进行治疗。结果:本文患者随访6~120个月,179例(90.4%)治愈,其中TVT组平均随访86个月,治愈51例(89.5%),改善4例(7%);TVT-O组平均随访38个月,治愈128例(90.7%),改善6例(4.3%);疗效不佳9例(3.5%)。TVT组2例发生膀胱穿孔(3.5%),TVT-O组3例出现腹股沟血肿伴下肢大腿根部疼痛,2例出现短期单下肢活动障碍,但经保守治疗均好转;术后拔除尿管后排尿困难5例,其中TVT组2例,TVT-O组3例,经多次下压式尿道扩张及延长保留尿管后解除梗阻、恢复正常排尿4例;TVT组中1例采用尿道扩张无效而剪断悬吊带。结论:经阴道中段无张力悬吊术(尤其是TVT-O)操作简便,疗效佳,并发症少,是治疗女性SUI的有效方法。     

女性压力性尿失禁经阴道尿道中段悬吊术后症状持续或复发的补救手术

目的 评估经阴道尿道中段网片耻骨降支悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)首次经阴道尿道中段悬吊术(MUSs)后症状持续或复发的效果. 方法 选取2005年6月至2011年6月收治的女性SUI患者32例,年龄44～72岁,平均59岁.首次手术前诊断为单纯SUI 26例,以SUI为主的混合性尿失禁6例.尿失禁程度为中度16例,重度16例.首次手术方式为经阴道尿道中段无张力悬吊术(TVT)2例,经阴道无张力悬带成形术(IVS)4例,经闭孔(由内到外)尿道中段悬吊术(TVT-O) 17例,经闭孔(由外到内)尿道中段悬吊术(TOT)3例,赫美经阴道尿道中段吊带术(Tsling)1例,其他改良吊带MUSs术5例.9例术后即主观无效,随访6个月主观症状仍与术前无异;23例术后6个月症状复发并渐加重,随访12个月主观症状与术前无异.对本组32例采用经阴道尿道中段网片耻骨降支悬吊术治疗,记录手术时间、出血量,于术后3、6、12个月随访,统计分析术后残余尿量、术后疗效、并发症等情况. 结果 本组32例平均手术时间(41.1±13.1)min,平均出血量(70.6±23.8)ml,无手术相关的损伤及并发症发生.30例术后留置导尿6h、2例留置导尿48 h后均可自行排尿.B超检查测残余尿量0～80 ml,平均(23.8±21.4)ml,平均住院时间(4.8±1.1)d.出院时26例主观治愈,4例明显改善,2例症状仍持续.总有效率为93.8％(30/32).随访3、6、12个月时总有效率分别为93.8％(30/32)、93.3％(28/30)、86.2％(25/29).随访12个月时出现2例复发,1例网片侵蚀,无其他并发症发生. 结论经阴道尿道中段网片耻骨降支悬吊术作为MUSs术后症状持续或复发的补救治疗方法具有总有效率高、手术过程简单、易于掌握、经济性好、可重复操作的优点,其手术操作悬吊点位于耻骨降支,避免了其他补救方法需经闭孔或耻骨后操作引起的各种并发症,同时在解剖上支持其疗效的长期性.     

改性几丁质喷雾剂用于经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术患者阴道准备

目的探讨女性压力性尿失禁经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术患者适宜的阴道准备方法,提高其阴道准备效果及患者舒适度。方法将42例经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术患者按入院时间单双号分为观察组和对照组各21例,对照组术前应用聚维酮碘擦洗阴道,观察组采用改性几丁质喷雾剂喷洗阴道。结果观察组患者舒适度显著优于对照组(P0.01),护理操作时间短于对照组;两组阴道分泌物细菌培养阴性率、术后体温及白细胞计数比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术患者术前选择改性几丁质喷雾剂阴道喷洗法可提高患者舒适度,患者耐受性好,是一种安全舒适的阴道准备方式。     

无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁84例临床分析

目的 探讨经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的临床疗效.方法 女性SUI患者84例,经临床病史收集、尿动力学检查及生活质量评分等确诊.采用TVT将聚丙烯吊带无张力置于尿道中段,对其中15例阴道壁脱垂患者同时行阴道壁修补术.测定患者TVT手术前后尿动力学检查、生活质量评分以及总体手术疗效在术后随访期限内的变化.结果 75例患者按时进行复诊,9例患者因年龄或居住外省等原因进行电话随访.随访时间1月至11年,通过主观及客观检查证实72例(85.7％)治愈,9例(10.7％)好转,3例(3.6％)无效.11年随访过程该数值较为稳定(P＞0.90).在多变量分析中,肥胖(HR:2.61,P=0.03)及盆底手术史(HR:0.33,P=0.001)是SUI术后复发的独立危险因素.随访过程没有出现需外科手术干预的并发症.结论 TVT因其微创、操作简便、并发症少及术后恢复快、临床疗效稳定成为女性压力性尿失禁外科手术的首选手术术式.     

治疗女性压力性尿失禁手术吊带松紧不同调整方法的探讨

目的:探讨经阴道尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁吊带松紧不同调整方法的效果及并发症发生情况.方法:回顾性分析2003年8月～2005年12月收治的399例单纯压力性尿失禁(Stress urmary incontinence,SUI)患者临床资料,其中行经耻骨后通路的经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术(Tension free vaginal tape,TVT)4例,经阴道悬吊成形术(Intravaginal slingplasty,IVS)126例,童式前路悬吊手术150例,经闭孔通路的阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术(TVT-O)58例,改良TVT-O手术61例.对吊带松紧的调整分别采用诱发试验法、组织剪法、尿道棒法和艾利斯钳法,观察各种吊带松紧调整方法的效果及并发症.结果:采用诱发试验法128例,基本无效(偏松)2例(2/128),效果满意124例(124/128),尿潴留(偏紧)2例(2/128);组织剪法98例,基本无效2例(2/98),效果满意93例(93/98),尿潴留3例(3/98);尿道棒法96例,基本无效4例(4/96),效果满意87例(87/96),尿潴留5例(5/96);艾利斯钳法77例,基本无效5例(5/77),效果满意66例(66/77),尿潴留6例(6/77)例.总偏松发生率3.3%(13/399),偏紧发生率4.0%(16/399).四组中以诱发试验法并发症发生例数最低,艾利斯钳法最高,但经统计学处理,四组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:TVT是治疗压力性尿失禁非常有效的手术治疗方法,治疗效果的关键在于吊带调整的松紧程度.诱发试验法、组织剪法、尿道棒法和艾利斯钳法均为临床实用的有效调整吊带松紧的手段,其中诱发试验法对初学者较易掌握,并有可靠的治疗效果和很低的并发症发生率.在此方法基础上积累一定经验后采用其他方法可提高手术效率.     

经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的探讨经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术(transobturator inside-out tension-free urethral suspension,TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)的效果。方法2005年8月～2006年2月采用经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性SUI18例,螺旋穿刺针自阴道前壁尿道旁间隙经闭孔穿刺至大阴唇外侧皮肤后放置网片,调整张力,关闭切口。结果手术时间10～25min,(15±3)min;术中出血量10～20ml,(15±2)ml。1例术后排尿困难,保留尿管3d后自行排尿。18例治愈,随访6个月均无复发。结论TVT-O操作简单,疗效确切,是治疗女性SUI安全有效的方法之一。     

经阴道闭孔行无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗压力性尿失禁的护理

目的探讨经阴道闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的护理。方法回顾分析12例接受此类手术治疗患者的临床资料,通过精心的围术期护理,建立正常的排尿机能。结果 12例患者手术顺利,术后恢复良好。结论 TVT-O术后采取有效护理措施、功能锻炼和健康宣教,可提高术后效果及排尿自控力。     

提高压力性尿失禁手术安全性的建议

临床上治疗女性压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)目前主要有三种方式:耻骨后尿道悬吊术、悬吊带术和膀胱颈旁填充剂注射.阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊带术是悬吊带术中的一种,由于技术和材料改进,该手术方法更加微创、简便,已在世界范围内被公认为显著有效治疗女性SUI的手术方法[1].     

两种入路尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床效果比较

目的 比较经耻骨后和闭孔入路经阴道尿道中段无张力悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床效果和并发症.方法 应用经阴道尿道中段无张力悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁患者134例,根据手术入路的不同分为两组:耻骨后组(32例)和闭孔组(102例).对两组的手术时间、失血量、治愈率和有效率以及术后并发症进行比较.结果 耻骨后组和闭孔组的手术时间分别为(24±6)min和(22±5)min,术中失血量分别为(45±27)ml和(54±23)ml,治愈率分别为81.25%和78.43%,有效率分别为96.88%和98.04%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组术后并发症的发生率分别为:新发尿急6.25%和5.88%,排尿困难:3.13%和2.94%,膀胱损伤:3.13%和0%,阴道损伤:0%和2.94%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后腹股沟疼痛的发生率分别为3.13%和20.59%,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 耻骨后入路和闭孔入路尿道中段悬吊术均是治疗女性SUI的有效术式.     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.