带线锚钉内固定联合Krackow缝合技术治疗髌骨下极骨折疗效观察

目的探讨带线锚钉内固定联合Krackow缝合手术治疗髌骨下极骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-07—2019-02采用带线锚钉内固定联合Krackow缝合治疗的30例髌骨下极骨折,垂直骨折线并向近端平行置入2枚3.5 mm带线锚钉,锚钉缝线尾端连接圆针后分别贯穿髌骨下极骨块的内外侧、骨块附着处的髌前腱膜和向下延续的组织。复位髌骨下极骨块后收紧各锚钉缝线并相互加压交叉打结,然后采用Krackow缝合方式分别修复撕裂的髌前腱膜和移行髌韧带部分组织。结果本组手术时间(51.6±1.8)min,术中出血量(51.0±1.7)mL。30例均获得随访,随访时间平均15.1(12～18)个月。无内固定物断裂、排异反应、骨折不愈合等并发症发生。骨折愈合时间为(2.6±0.4)个月。末次随访时B?stman评分为(27.2±3.3)分,其中优22例,良7例,可1例。结论带线锚钉内固定联合Krackow缝合技术治疗髌骨下极骨折可获得满意临床疗效,具有操作简便、创伤小、固定可靠、无需二次取出等优点。     

双缝线锚钉交替环抱固定髌骨下极骨折

[目的]介绍双锚钉交替环抱固定髌骨下极骨折的手术技术及初步效果。[方法]对26例髌骨下极骨折患者使用双锚钉交替环抱法治疗。髌前正中切口，显露骨折端，双锚钉分别置于骨折近端完整骨质的两侧，篮网状交替缝合髌骨下极并进行打结，于髌骨近端1/3处做2 mm骨道，两侧剩余锚钉线沿髌骨支持带腱骨结合的扩张部向近端缝合，在近端骨道处经骨道交叉至对面，双股线于髌骨表面向远端做8字交叉，然后在髌腱远端行Krachow缝合法。[结果]所有患者均顺利手术，无严重术中并发症。术后随访12个月以上。随时间推移，患者行走功能逐渐改善，末次随访时VAS评分0.1分，Bostman评分为29.7，膝关节活动度为132.8°。影像方面，所有患者在术后4～6周骨折端出现骨痂，10～12周明确骨性愈合。术后1年所有患者屈膝30°侧位的Insall–Salvati ratio为（1.2±0.1）。所有患者均无锚钉脱落及骨折再移位等不良影像征象。[结论]双锚钉交替环抱固定髌骨下极骨折手术操作可行，固定可靠，利于早期恢复，初步临床效果满意。     

急性髌骨脱位镜下髌内侧支持带修复术

[目的]介绍镜下内侧髌股韧带（medial patellofemoral ligament, MPFL）髌骨止点撕裂修复术的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法] 2015年5月—2019年9月,对30例初次急性髌骨脱位（acute patellar dislocation, APD）患者行镜下修复术。于髌骨内侧缘置入带线锚钉,平行髌骨内侧缘内侧用腰穿针均等穿刺皮肤至关节腔,将带环过线导丝从腰穿针引入将锚钉缝线引出皮肤外,收紧后视髌骨轨迹适度松解外侧支持带,最后打结。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中无神经、血管损伤等严重并发症。平均随访时间（26.10±9.70）个月,末次随访时,患膝关节活动度正常,无复发性髌骨脱位,无明显关节僵硬和功能障碍等。末次随访时Lysholm评分、髌骨倾斜角（patellar tilt angle, PTA）和髌股适合角（congruence angle, CA）均较术前显著改善（P<0.05）。[结论]镜下髌MPFL止点修复治疗APD,能恢复髌股关节稳定性和功能,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

单枚带线锚钉内固定治疗髌骨下极粉碎性骨折

目的观察单枚带线锚钉内固定治疗髌骨下极粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-01—2019-01采用切开复位单枚带线锚钉内固定治疗的17例髌骨下极粉碎性骨折。将单枚带线锚钉置入髌骨骨折近端,位置一般选择骨折面中央,锚钉线穿骨折远端在髌骨下极打结初步复位固定后再绕髌骨周缘分别做环形及8字形缝合加强固定。结果 17例均获得随访,随访时间平均8(6～12)个月。未发生切口感染、骨折畸形愈合、骨折不愈合、关节僵硬等并发症。骨折愈合时间2～3个月,平均2.5个月。末次随访时3例出现轻度股四头肌萎缩,1例出现轻度髌股关节疼痛。末次随访时采用Bostman标准评定疗效:优13例,良3例,可1例。结论单枚带线锚钉内固定治疗髌骨下极粉碎性骨折可获得满意的骨折固定效果,可确保骨折愈合良好,避免并发症发生。     

带线骨锚钉治疗髌骨下缘撕脱性骨折

目的讨论采用带线骨锚钉治疗髌骨下缘撕脱性骨折手术方法及临床疗效。方法对11例髌骨下缘撕脱性骨折患者,采用骨折端修整后以带线骨锚钉进行髌韧带修复。结果术后患者伤口均Ⅰ期愈合。随访6个月,2例关节强直并伴有创伤性关节炎,其余9例膝关节功能恢复良好。结论使用带线骨锚钉治疗髌骨下缘撕脱性骨折操作简便,所需手术时间短,无需取出内固定。     

锚钉固定重建髌股韧带治疗中的失误分析

目的分析锚钉缝线固定法重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位脱位的技术失误。方法自2009年3月至2013年3月收治复发性髌骨关节脱位患者21例,其中男10例,女11例;年龄15~40岁,平均20岁。无固定型脱位17例,固定型脱位4例。脱位发生2~10次。关节镜下采用自体肌腱双束重建内侧髌股韧带,髌骨止点用缝线固定并锚钉加强,股骨止点用挤压钉固定。结果患者均获随访,随访时间12个月。术后2例髌骨再脱位,2例屈膝受限。17例膝关节活动正常,无髌骨不稳。结论内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位的失败病例主要表现为术后屈膝受限和髌骨再脱位,易发生在术前固定型脱位的病例上。     

缝合锚钉内固定治疗急性髌骨脱位后髌骨内缘撕脱骨折伴内侧髌股韧带断裂

目的评价缝合锚钉内固定治疗急性髌骨脱位后髌骨内缘撕脱骨折伴内侧髌股韧带（MPFL）断裂的临床疗效。方法自2006-07—2012-01采用缝合锚钉内固定治疗急性髌骨脱位后髌骨内缘撕脱骨折伴MPFL断裂21例,术后12个月采用膝关节功能Lysholm评分标准评价膝关节功能。结果术后切口均一期愈合,无感染。本组均获得随访13~24个月,平均14.6个月。末次随访时髌股关节对合良好,解剖关系正常。术后12个月膝关节功能Lysholm评分78~100分,平均93.7分;疗效等级评价：优13例,良7例,可1例,优良率95.2%。结论缝合锚钉内固定治疗急性髌骨脱位后髌骨内缘撕脱骨折伴MPFL断裂临床疗效满意,手术操作简单、损伤小。     

带线锚钉结合髌骨爪治疗髌骨下极骨折

[目的]探讨运用带线锚钉结合髌骨爪治疗髌骨下极骨折的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2015年6月～2017年6月本院采用带线锚钉结合髌骨爪治疗30例髌骨下极骨折患者临床资料。术后随访观察骨折愈合时间及膝关节功能,采用B?stman髌骨骨折功能评分评估疗效。[结果] 29例患者获得随访。随访时间8～24个月,平均(18.16±4.22)个月,骨折愈合时间8～13周。术后6个月按B?stman膝关节功能评分21～30分,平均(28.72±2.07)分,其中优25例,良4例。优良率为100%。[结论]应用带线锚钉结合髌骨爪内固定治疗髌骨下极骨折能够取得良好的临床效果,是一种可靠的临床术式选择。     

可吸收固定棒联合带线锚钉治疗伴有骨软骨骨折的创伤性髌骨脱位

目的 探讨可吸收固定棒联合带线锚钉治疗伴有骨软骨骨折的创伤性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月～2021年10月25例创伤性髌骨脱位导致骨软骨骨折合并内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament, MPFL)损伤的资料。用可吸收固定棒复位固定骨软骨骨折，带线锚钉缝合修复MPFL。术后用膝关节活动度、Lysholm和IKDC膝关节评分及Bostman髌骨骨折功能评分标准评判关节功能，用CT、MRI评价骨折愈合情况、髌骨位置、MPFL连续性及信号。结果 术后随访12～18个月，平均14个月，无髌骨脱位复发。按Bostman髌骨骨折功能评分标准，优22例，良2例，差1例。术后12个月膝关节活动度、Lysholm评分、IKDC评分均较术前明显改善(均P=0.000)。影像学检查显示骨软骨损伤和MPFL愈合良好。结论 对于合并髌骨骨软骨骨折的创伤性髌骨脱位，一期可吸收固定棒复位固定骨折块联合锚钉紧缩缝合MPFL临床疗效确切。     

带线锚钉内固定治疗髌骨下极骨折

目的探讨带线锚钉内固定治疗髌骨下极骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析采用带线锚钉内固定治疗髌骨下极骨折33例的临床资料。结果患者获随访3-12个月,骨折愈合时间平均16周．术后膝关节活动均恢复良好,膝关节功能评定结果：优29例,良3例,可1例,优良率达97．0％。结论采用带线锚钉治疗髌骨下极骨折具有手术创伤小、恢复快、可早期行关节功能锻炼、无需二次手术等优点,临床疗效满意。     

锚钉结合张力带钢丝治疗髌骨下极骨折

目的研究锚钉结合张力带钢丝治疗髌骨下极骨折的疗效。方法我院于2008年3月至2009年9月采用锚钉结合张力带钢丝方法治疗髌骨下极骨折34例。术中以锚钉固定修补髌骨下极骨折块及髌韧带,并辅以胫骨结节至髌骨中上部的张力带钢丝。结果 34例患者均获12～25个月,平均17个月随访,所有骨折均愈合,2例术后出现局部浅表感染,经换药及相应抗炎治疗后愈合。陆裕朴膝关节功能评定标准评价显示,优27例,良6例,可1例,优良率为97.1%。结论锚钉结合张力带钢丝治疗髌骨下极骨折固定牢靠,并发症少,效果确切。     

双滑轮结合缝线桥技术治疗髌骨下极粉碎性骨折

目的：探讨双滑轮结合缝线桥技术治疗髌骨下极粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法 ：2018年1月至2020年6月采用双滑轮结合缝线桥技术治疗15例髌骨下极粉碎性骨折患者,其中男9例,女6例,年龄28～68(42.4±9.6)岁。患者伤后均有明显膝关节疼痛及活动受限,均行膝关节X线和CT检查,明确为髌骨下极粉碎性骨折。术后定期拍摄膝关节X线片了解骨折愈合情况并测量Insall-Salvati指数,记录关节活动度,并采用Bostman评分系统评价术后膝关节功能。结果：15例患者均获得随访,随访时间7～24(11.4±4.2)个月,无明显膝前痛病例。末次随访时患肢膝关节活动度为105°～140°（128.5±12.8）°,Insall-Salvati指数为0.79～1.12 (0.92±0.18)。X线片提示髌骨均骨性愈合,未见锚钉脱落、断裂及骨折块移位等情况。Bostman髌骨骨折功能评分（27.85±2.06）分,优13例,良2例。结论：双滑轮技术结合缝线桥技术治疗髌骨下极粉碎性骨折复位固定可靠,术后患者可早期开始功能锻炼。     

Repair of Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Tears

Tears of the quadriceps or patellar tendon usually occur after a sudden eabccentric contraction and are diagnosed by a palpable gap at the injury site combined with an inability to perform a straight leg raise. Bilateral knee radiographs may demonstrate patella alta with patellar tendon tears and patella baja with quadriceps tendon tears compared with the uninjured knee. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful when there is uncertainty in the diagnosis. Surgical treatment is indicated for complete tears and some high-grade, partial tears. Nonabsorbable high-strength sutures or suture tape are placed in running locking fashion along the injured tendon and secured to the patella with bone tunnels (i.e., transosseous) or suture anchors. The transosseous technique requires exposure of the length of the patella to drill 3 bone tunnels to shuttle the sutures and tie over either pole of the patella. The suture anchor technique allows for a smaller incision and less soft-tissue dissection and may use a knotted or knotless technique. Biomechanical testing with load to failure is not statistically different between the transosseous and anchor techniques, although anchors have been shown to have less gap formation at the repair site. Repair augmentation with a graft may be beneficial in mid-substance injuries, chronic tears, and in cases of compromised tissue quality. Rehabilitation usually can be initiated immediately with protected weight-bearing in an orthosis, safe-zone knee passive range of motion, and avoidance of active extension. After a period of 6 weeks, rehabilitation can progress with full range of motion and a concentric strengthening program.     

Anchor and Krackow‐“8” Suture for the Fixation of Distal Pole Fractures of the Patella: Comparison to Kirschner Wire

ObjectiveThe study aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes, functional outcomes, and postoperative complications of anchor and Krackow‐“8” suture fixation (AS) and K‐wire fixation in patients with distal pole patellar fractures.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with distal pole patella fractures between January 2011 and December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The anchor and Krackow‐“8” suture fixation (AS group) was applied in 10 patients and 18 patients underwent K‐wire fixation (K‐wire group). The average age of patients was 46.000 ± 19.476 years in the AS group and 47.556 ± 15.704 years in the K‐wire group, with comparable demographic characteristics. All patients underwent regular follow‐up the operative data and postoperative functional and clinical outcomes were recorded. Complications were recorded by clinical and radiographic assessment. Bostman patellar fracture functional score was used to evaluate knee function after patellar fracture.ResultsA total of 28 eligible patients were included in this study. The mean follow‐up was similar for the AS and the K‐wire groups (P > 0.05). The incision length of AS group was significantly smaller than that of K‐wire group (P < 0.05). The incision length of AS group was significantly smaller than that of K‐wire group (P < 0.05). The final follow‐up on the range of motion of the knee: the average extension lag was similar in two groups (P > 0.05); flexion and flexion–extension angle was slightly better in the AS group than in the K‐wire group. The Bostman patella fracture functional score of AS group were better than K‐wire group at 3 and 6 months after operation. Four kinds of postoperative complications in two groups, one patient (10%) in the AS group and two patients (11.1%) in the K‐wire group had infections. Two (11.1%) cases of nonunion in group K and three patients (16.7%) required re‐operation: one due to infection and two due to early implant failure. In the AS group, all distal pole fractures of the patella showed bony union, without loosening, falling, pulling out and nonunion of the fractures 6 months after operation.ConclusionsAnchor and Krackow‐“8” suture fixation is an easily executed surgical procedure that can significantly reduce incision length and achieve better surgical outcomes than traditional procedures with regard to postoperative complications, knee function and without requiring a second operation. This technique is an effective operation method for the treatment of inferior patellar pole fractures.     

五角网缝合术治疗髌骨骨折

目的:探讨一种操作简单、疗效可靠的治疗髌骨骨折手术方式。方法:髌骨骨折患者56例,男40例,女16例;年龄18～82岁。右侧骨折33例,左侧23例。横断骨折28例,粉碎骨折24例,撕脱型骨折4例。伤后至手术时间3h～7d。术中显露髌骨,复位,巾钳临时固定,采用双股可吸收缝线编织一个五角星,呈网状置于髌骨前,用丝线穿过五角星之5个角,做双半环髌骨周围缝合,固定髌骨。结果:56例髌骨骨折术后随访6～45个月,平均16.2个月,骨折均愈合。按Bostman髌骨骨折疗效评价标准,优秀45例,良好11例。结论:五角网缝合术治疗髌骨骨折,具有操作简单、固定牢固、术后可早期活动、康复快、疗效确切、无须二次手术取内固定等优点。     

经皮缝合治疗髌骨骨折

目的：探讨髌股固定缝合法治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效。方法：采用克氏针经皮行髌骨上极与股骨髁部固定，再经皮穿针及经皮缝合固定骨折断端的方法治疗髌骨骨折23例，男17例，女6例；年龄18～73岁，平均32．4岁。采用Bostman临床评分标准对其疗效进行评定。结果：23例获得随访，时间6～38个月。平均11个月。所有骨折均达解剖或近解剖复位并骨性愈合，按Bostman疗效标准：优秀20例，良好3例。结论：采用髌股固定缝合治疗髌骨骨折，具有创伤小、并发症少、骨折对位准确、关节功能恢复好、无手术瘢痕影响美观等优点。     

Long term outcome of patella fractures:open reduction and internal fixation with stainless steel wire vs.non-absorbable braided polyester suture

目的 比较不锈钢钢丝与不可吸收涤纶编织线治疗髌骨骨折的长期疗效.设计 前瞻性对照研究.从2000年至2005年,通过随机抽取密封号码,一组连续的患者被安排收入2组,分别行不锈钢钢丝环扎和不可吸收涤纶编织线缝合治疗髌骨骨折,每组采用相同的手术技术和术后治疗策略.对象 年龄＞ 16岁,有移位的髌骨骨折并适合内固定治疗的患者.同时患者依从性较好,能提供知情同意,可以配合医生行术后康复治疗.干预方法 两组均采用标准的切开复位内固定方法,使用2枚纵形克氏针,“8”字形张力带,18G不锈钢钢丝或者2股5号涤纶编织线环扎固定.结果 评估 主要结果评估为再手术率.次要结果评估包括手术时间、临床和影像学愈合以及末次随访收集的患者膝关节功能评分(膝关节问卷,Euroqol EQ-5D,SF-36).结果 22例患者中有20例达到临床和影像学愈合.不锈钢钢丝环扎组和涤纶编织线缝合组平均随访时间分别为4年和2.3年,再手术例数分别为4例(共11例)和5例(共11例).大多数再手术患者是由于纵向克氏针的疼痛刺激(6/9).不锈钢钢丝环扎组手术时间(44 min)较涤纶编织线缝合组(33 min)少,但差异无统计学意义.长期功能评分显示患者有残留的功能障碍,但并不影响膝关节的总功能.结论 我们认为纵形克氏针过长是髌骨骨折采用张力带固定后发生再手术的一个主要原因.涤纶编织线缝合与不锈钢钢丝环扎均可达到临床和影像学愈合.髌骨骨折患者可以得到较为理想的功能恢复,但康复过程中再手术的几率会较高.     

镜下“8”字法缝线固定后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱骨折

[目的]介绍关节镜下“4”字位三入路“8”字缝线固定治疗后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术技术与初步效果。[方法]2019年3月-2021年3月,采用“4”字位三入路“8”字法缝线固定PCL胫骨撕脱性骨折28例。常规建立前外、前内和后内3个人口。从前内侧人口将2根强生Orthocord缝线经PCL前侧绕过后,从后内侧入口将缝线拉出并打结,防止骨块松脱。然后,将缝线两端交叉后,分别导入两个骨道,由胫骨前拉出。再次将PCL胫骨隧道定位器钩端置于骨块上,用其将骨块向后推压,进行临时复位固定。调整固定缝线使其从骨块后上方跨过,对膝施加前抽屉应力,复位固定骨块,同时拉紧缝线两端,使缝线牢固嵌压固定骨折块,将缝线尾端在骨道外口固定到门形钉或Versalok上完成固定。[结果]28例患者均顺利完成手术,无血管、神经损伤等严重并发症。Lysholm评分由术前(33.14±9.60)分显著增加至末次随访时(84.07±5.43)分(P<0.05);IKDC评分由术前(32.39±84.79)分显著增加至末次随访时(84.79±4.42)分(P<0.05)。末次随访时,临床检查显示,28例患者均无膝关节松弛或不稳定,膝活动度与健侧对称。影像方面,28例骨折均达临床骨愈合,无骨折移位。[结论]本技术具有简便易行、固定牢靠的优点,临床疗效满意。     

经骨缝合手术治疗急性髌骨脱位合并髌骨软骨Peeloff损伤早期疗效观察

目的评价经骨缝合手术治疗急性髌骨脱位合并髌骨软骨骨折(Peeloff损伤)的早期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2019-05—2020-03诊治的15例急性髌骨脱位合并髌骨软骨Peeloff损伤,膝关节镜检查并确诊髌骨软骨缺损,关节腔内找到与缺损区域吻合的游离软骨片,关节镜下或内侧小切口取出游离软骨片;再作髌内侧切口,将游离软骨片复位并在其边缘选取4个合适进针点,用带孔克氏针在髌骨主体上从内向外垂直钻孔,每两孔之间导入可吸收缝线,经孔道将克氏针抽出时带出缝线并打结。结果 15例均获得随访,随访时间平均8(3~13)个月。术后3个月MRI显示所有患者髌骨关节面软骨骨折均愈合。2例出现早期髌股关节疼痛(1例VAS评分为4分,1例VAS评分为5分),经康复治疗后好转,其余13例疼痛VAS评分平均1.8(1~3)分。末次随访时Tegner运动评级:3级5例,4级9例,5级1例。末次随访时膝关节功能Lysholm评分80~96(88.9±4.7)分,其中优6例,良7例。结论关节镜下探查可确诊急性髌骨脱位合并的髌骨软骨Peeloff损伤,采用可吸收缝线经骨缝合固定髌骨关节面软骨片无需特殊内固定器械及二次手术取出,既能实现软骨稳定固定、正常愈合,又能保证膝关节功能良好恢复。     

Patellar fracture type and prognosis in condylar total knee arthroplasty

Fractures of the patella occurred following implantation of 36 condylar total knee arthroplasties in 35 patients. The end results were evaluated in relation to fracture type after an average 4.5-year follow-up period. The follow-up observations included a physical examination, quantitative knee score, and roentgenographic evaluations of extremity alignment and implant position. Twenty-two of the 36 knees had a good or excellent knee score and 14 had a fair or worse score at the time of the latest follow-up evaluation. The satisfactory knees had an average arc of motion of 100 degrees, while the unsatisfactory knees had an average arc of motion of 80 degrees. Fourteen fractures through the mid-body or superior pole of the patella not involving the implant, cement, or quadriceps mechanism (Type I) and two nondisplaced fractures through the inferior pole of the patella (Type IIIB) were managed nonoperatively, with all knees rating either a good or excellent score. Fractures of the patella disrupting the quadriceps mechanism or implant/bone/cement composite (Type II) were managed operatively in the six knees. Fractures of the inferior pole of the patella with disruption of the patellar ligament (Type IIIA) were managed operatively in seven of eight knees (one patient refused surgery). Lateral fracture-dislocations were managed operatively in all six knees. Six of the knees operated upon had a good or better score, and nine knees were rated as poor or failed. Those fractures alignment and implant position were seen had the more severe patellar fractures and poorest outcomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)