髓内与髓外定位法全膝关节置换术后胫骨假体力线分析

目的 比较髓内定位与髓外定位法全膝关节置换术(TKA)后获得胫骨假体力线的情况.方法 测量106膝膝骨性关节炎(髓内定位组54膝,髓外定位组52膝)行TKA术后胫骨假体后倾角及胫骨角,并采用t检验对比分析.结果 髓内定位组、髓外定位组术后假体胫骨角平均度数分别为1.5°、2.5°,差异有统计学意义(P=0.021＜0.05);术后胫骨假体后倾角分别为3.5°、3.1°,差异无统计学意义(P =0.06＞0.05).结论 胫骨髓内定位法获得假体力线优于髓外定位法.     

踝间线足背动脉在全膝关节置换术髓外定位中的临床应用

目的探讨踝关节力学中心体表标志点,为全膝关节置换术(TKA)下肢力线的准确定位提供依据。方法对64例膝骨关节炎(OA)终末期患者实施初次TKA治疗,股骨侧采用髓内定位,胫骨侧采用髓外定位,实验组(34例)踝关节力学中心位于踝间线足背动脉处,对照组(30例)定位则按传统方法进行。术后测量患者胫骨假体胫骨角及后倾角。结果患者均获得随访,时间4~6年。胫骨假体胫骨角平均度数:实验组为(2.1±0.2)°,对照组为(2.6±0.1)°,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胫骨假体后倾角:实验组为(3.1±0.2)°,对照组为(3.3±0.1)°,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组胫骨假体力线优于对照组。结论踝间线足背动脉定位可靠,其标示简单易行,能提高胫骨假体力线的精确度,不失为TKA术中踝关节力学中心定位的理想参考。     

人工全膝关节置换术中股骨假体旋转的研究进展

目的综述人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)中股骨假体旋转评估研究进展,以减少假体旋转不良导致的术后并发症。方法查阅近年TKA术中股骨假体旋转定位参考轴线的基础及临床研究相关文献,并进行综合分析。结果股骨假体旋转不良可造成屈曲间隙不平衡和髌骨轨迹不良,术前应采用不同方法确定股骨假体旋转力线,并通过影像学技术及计算机导航技术进行手术前后评估,保证股骨假体的旋转位置良好,使术后膝关节功能获得最大程度的恢复。结论近年发展了多种手术技巧和新技术以确定股骨假体旋转力线,临床应用并获得较好效果。     

胫骨侧个性化髓外定位技术行人工全膝关节置换术后胫骨假体冠状位力线的评价研究

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)中应用胫骨侧个性化髓外定位技术截骨后胫骨假体冠状位力线情况。方法回顾分析2020年1月—2021年6月接受初次TKA且符合选择标准的170例(210膝)患者临床资料。其中,77例(96膝)胫骨侧采用传统髓外定位技术(传统定位组);93例(114膝)采用个性化髓外定位技术(个性化定位组),即结合胫骨解剖形态特点,在胫骨平台关节面选择个性化定位点作为髓外近端定位点。两组性别、年龄、身体质量指数、侧别、骨关节炎病程及Kellgren-Lawrence分级等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。测量个性化定位组术前胫骨冠状位近、远端解剖轴形成的侧弓角(tibial bowing angle,TBA)并对胫骨轴线分型,分析个性化定位点位置分布规律。比较两组手术前后髋-膝-踝角(hip-knee-ankle angle,HKA)、胫骨远端外侧角(lateral distal tibial angle,LDTA),术后冠状位胫骨假体角(tibia component angle,TCA)及胫骨假体冠状位力线优良率。结果个性化定位组胫骨轴线分为直线型58膝(50.88%)、内弓型35膝(30.70%)、外弓型21膝(18.42%)。直线型者胫骨个性化定位点多位于外侧髁间棘高点(62.07%),内弓型者多位于内、外侧髁间棘之间区域(51.43%),外弓型者多位于外侧髁间棘外侧坡(57.14%)。两组组内手术前后HKA比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术前后LDTA比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组间术前LDTA、HKA及手术前后差值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后TCA比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。传统定位组术后胫骨平台假体较个性化定位组更倾向于内翻。术后个性化髓外定位组胫骨假体冠状位力线优良率为96.5%(110/114),传统定位组为87.5%(84/96),差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.652,P=0.006)。结论 TKA胫骨侧冠状位截骨时采用个性化髓外定位技术可行,与传统髓外定位技术相比胫骨假体冠状位力线优良率更高。     

全膝关节置换股骨假体植入定位参数有限元分析及优化

目的通过有限元分析,结合正交试验方法,优化膝关节股骨假体植入的定位参数,有助于降低聚乙烯衬垫表面压应力峰值以减少磨损。方法依据全膝关节置换(TKA)基本原则,构建TKA膝关节有限元模型,以股骨假体外翻角度、外旋角度以及内外平移量作为正交试验的影响因素,对模型进行材料属性定义、边界条件建立并施加载荷,以聚乙烯衬垫上表面压应力峰值为研究指标,进行有限元分析,并对分析结果进行极差和方差分析,比较各因素变化对聚乙烯衬垫上表面压应力分布的影响,确定聚乙烯衬垫上表面压应力峰值最小的股骨假体植入定位参数的最优组合。结果通过有限元分析获得不同参数组合下9个TKA膝关节有限元模型聚乙烯衬垫上表面的压应力峰值,由极差分析,明确内外平移对分析结果影响最大,其次是外旋角度,外翻角度影响最小。确定股骨假体植入定位参数最优组合为外翻6°、外旋3°、平移0 mm。结论聚乙烯衬垫所受的压应力峰值受股骨假体位置变化影响,微小的植入位置变化可导致股骨-聚乙烯衬垫假体间的应力异常分布,提示术中要对股骨假体进行精确定位。     

全膝关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折的研究进展

全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）后假体周围骨折在临床工作中越来越多见,其中最为常见的是股骨假体周围骨折,但目前相关文献中并没有相对系统地梳理TKA术后假体周围骨折的危险因素、分型以及治疗,对临床工作在相关问题处理上带来不便。本研究通过查找国内外著作、文献等,对TKA术后股骨假体周围骨折的危险因素、分型以及治疗方面进行系统性综述,从而为临床工作提供参考。     

全膝关节置换术股骨及胫骨假体旋转定位研究进展

全膝关节置换术中股骨假体与胫骨假体的旋转力线至关重要,旋转力线不良影响手术效果.该文就股骨假体旋转定位参照轴中股骨上髁轴、股骨后髁线、股骨髁间前后轴、屈曲间隙平衡技术,以及胫骨假体旋转定位参照轴等研究进展作一综述.     

股骨远端髓外与髓内定位截骨对全膝关节置换术后失血影响的回顾性研究

背景:全膝关节置换术是治疗终末期膝关节疾病的有效方法,然而很多患者因为术后失血而发生急性失血性贫血,失血过多者还需输血治疗.这不仅影响膝关节功能康复,还可能引起各种并发症及相关问题.目的:探讨股骨远端髓外定位截骨是否能够减少初次单侧全膝关节置换术后失血.方法:选取2015年1月至2017年12月248例行初次单侧全膝关...     

伴有关节外畸形的全膝关节置换术

<正>全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)是目前临床常用的严重膝关节损伤及病变治疗手段。TKA的长期生存率有赖于术中精确的软组织平衡和术后下肢机械轴线的良好恢复[1]。对于简单病例,应用标准的手术技术和手术器械就能解决问题。但对严重的膝关节畸形病人,需要在手术中运用一些特殊的手术技巧或手术工具及选用不同的假体,方能顺利解决手术中的难点。大部分存在关节内畸形的TKA通过适当的截骨和软组织松解,均可获得准确的软组     

全膝关节置换术后股骨假体前屈角对膝关节功能康复的影响

目的 观察全膝关节置换术后股骨假体前屈角对患者膝关节功能康复的影响。方法 回顾性分析自2021-08—2022-08采用全膝关节置换术治疗的70例膝骨性关节炎,根据术后患膝关节X线正侧位片股骨假体前屈角度进行分组,正常患者术后股骨假体前屈角度5°～7°,35例股骨假体前屈角正常（A组）,35例股骨假体前屈角偏大（B组）。两组术前活动情况无明显差异,术中均在规范操作下完成手术,选择相同厂家的膝关节假体系统,假体置入位置、松紧度均无异常,术后采用相同的康复训练方案。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、膝关节功能HSS评分、疼痛VAS评分、股骨假体俯屈角、胫骨平台后倾角以及膝关节伸直与屈曲活动度。结果 70例均获得为期1个月的门诊随访,术后症状均有所改善。两组手术时间、术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。A组术后1个月膝关节功能HSS评分为（84.74±4.78）分,B组为（79.89±4.43）分;A组术后1个月膝关节功能HSS评分较B组高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后1个月膝关节功能HSS评分等级：A组优16例,良19例;B组优3例,良32例。A组术后1个月疼...     

Sagittal plane positioning of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty

The authors evaluated 623 total knee arthroplasties to determine the relationship between sagittal plane position of the femoral component and the final range of motion of the prosthetic knee. Two different prostheses were evaluated (Posterior Cruciate Condylar and A.G.C.) radiographically and functionally. Variation in sagittal plane position ranged from 20 degrees flexion to 20 degrees extension. No correlation between the sagittal plane position of the femoral component in either prosthesis and the final knee range of motion could be found. Sagittal plane femoral component position in the prostheses studied did not affect final range of motion when component position was between 20 degrees flexion and 20 degrees of extension.     

Fracture of the femoral component in unicompartmental total knee arthroplasty

A fracture of the anterior flange of a femoral component in a unicompartmental knee has been seen. This was thought to be due to lack of bony support leading to cantilever bend. The solution would seem to be to add a metal web to strengthen that area of the femoral component.     

Patellar clunk in total knee arthroplasty using modified Sigma posterior stabilized femoral component

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the enhanced PS femoral component design released in 2008 by DePuy. The patellar clunk syndrome has been reported in a significant number of patients following total knee arthroplasty. Design modifications of the implant have been made to reduce the incidence of the patellar clunk, especially in the posterior substituted designs.

Methods

130 total knee replacements performed using the enhanced PS femoral components were followed-up with clinical and radiographic evaluations.

Results

Patellar clunk was seen in 3 of the 130 knees (2%). This is much less than the incidence of patellar clunk reported until now.

Conclusions

Removal of the sharp ridge in the intercondylar groove in the newer implant seems to have been effective in reducing the incidence of the patellar clunk. It also indicates that the sharp ridge was the most probable cause of the clunk.     

Stress fractures of the femoral neck following total knee arthroplasty

The author reviews the literature concerning stress fractures of the femoral neck following total knee arthroplasty and presents two additional cases. These fractures are rare and are frequently missed initially. Awareness of the condition may help to make early diagnosis.     

Effect of femoral component design on patellofemoral crepitance and patella clunk syndrome after posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty

The purpose of this study was to determine if recent changes to the femoral component of a particular posterior-stabilized total knee prosthesis would affect the incidence of postoperative patellofemoral crepitance and patella clunk syndrome. One hundred eight total knee arthroplasties were performed with the conventional design; 136 were performed after the femoral component was changed. Complications were compared between the groups with an average follow-up of 17.7 months and 12.4 months, respectively. Thirteen knees with the conventional design (12%) were found to have patellofemoral complications; no complications were noted with the new design (P < .0001). Femoral components with a deep trochlear groove and smooth transition of the intercondylar box appear to better accommodate any peripatellar fibrous nodule that may form after total knee arthroplasty.     

An additional reference axis for determining rotational alignment of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty

No studies have examined the trochlear line connecting the most anterior projections of the lateral and medial femoral condyles in relation to the surgical epicondylar axis. To determine if the trochlear line is more consistent relative to the transepicondylar axis than the posterior condylar axis and the Whiteside's line, the angles between the surgical epicondylar axis and each of the 3 axes in 50 knees of cadavers were measured using computed tomography scans. The results showed that the variability in the trochlear line for referencing the transepicondylar axis was comparable to those of the Whiteside line and the posterior condylar axis. The trochlear line may be considered as an additional reference axis for determining the rotational alignment of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty.     

全膝关节置换术中不同截骨顺序的比较

目的 比较不同截骨顺序在全膝关节置换术中应用的临床效果.方法 对40例患者40膝行全膝关节置换术,根据不同截骨顺序分成2组:观察组20膝,先行股骨截骨;对照组20膝,先行胫骨截骨.比较两组手术时间、术后引流量、术前术后膝关节功能情况及HSS评分,并进行统计学分析.结果 40例患者均获得随访,时间3～14个月.手术时间和术后引流量:观察组分别为(52.1±14.3)min和(324±46)ml;对照组分别为(75.5±16.7)min和(416±50)ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).术后6周和12周的膝关节活动度:观察组分别为87.5°±13.1°和100.5°±8.2°;对照组分别为86.6°±14.7°和101.3°±6.2°,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后6周和12周的HSS评分:观察组分别为(89.43±9.6)分和(91.72±7.6)分;对照组分别为(89.95±8.9)分和(90.87±8.5)分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 全膝关节置换术先行股骨截骨可以为胫骨的操作获得更大的操作空间,手术操作简便,可以缩短手术时间,减少失血量.     

Recurrent hemarthrosis after total knee arthroplasty

Seven patients developed recurrent hemarthroses following total knee arthroplasty. The average interval between arthroplasty and the first bleed was more than 20 months (range, 1–30 months). All seven required open synovectomy an average of 21 months (6–31 months) after arthroplasty. Follow-up evaluation averaged 44 months (19–60 months) and all had an excellent result without further bleeds. A prolific synovitis was seen in all cases, with histologic features revealing a chronic synovitis with fibrosis and hemosiderin staining. Entrapment of the proliferative synovial tissue between the components is postulated to be the etiology for these recurrent bleeds which averaged four per patient prior to synovectomy.