某矿井下接尘,矽肺,吸烟与肺癌发病关系的研究

为了评价井下接尘、矽肺、吸烟与肺癌发病的关系,在大厂锡矿职工人群中进行了一次肺癌的病例-对照研究。结果发现,职工肺癌发病主要与井下接尘和吸烟有关。非条件Logistic回归模型的多因素分析表明,矽肺与增加肺癌发病的危险度无显著性意义,接尘与吸烟之间也无效应修饰作用。     

吸烟对死因分布及减寿影响的调查分析

对６３３例老年吸烟死亡者和６６４例老年不吸烟者的死因分布进行比较并对吸烟减寿状况进行调查分析,发现吸烟组死于心脏疾病,脑血管疾病,呼吸系统及恶性肿瘤的比率有显著增加,吸烟组比不吸烟组平均减寿４．６岁,尤其是死心脏病,脑血管病及呼吸系统疾病瓣老年人,吸烟减寿高达４．８～７．１岁,提示吸烟是减少人类寿命的重要危险因素之一。     

某钢铁厂接尘工人10年死因调查

为了解职工接尘和吸烟习惯对工人死亡原因的影响情况 ,对某钢铁厂接尘工人和不接尘工人进行了 10年死因调查。1　材料与方法1.1　调查对象对某钢铁厂 1990年 1月 1日在册职工及退休职工 ,根据其工作性质分为接尘组和不接尘组 ,随访到 1999年 12月 3 1日 ,对 10年间职工的死亡情况进行调查。死亡资料来自厂劳工科和退休办公室。1.2　调查方法从厂劳工科和退休办公室获得各死亡职工的姓名、死亡原因、职业史等 ,并通过对死亡职工的同事及家属进行当面或书信问卷调查 ,获得死亡职工吸烟情况。以不接尘职工为对照组 ,计算接尘职工的比例死亡比 (…     

钢铁工业工人减寿分析

用减寿分析指标分析钢铁职工１９７１－１９８４年的死亡资料。结果表明，恶性肿瘤，循环系疾病，中毒与外伤是影响该职业人群寿命的前３位死因，其减寿率分别为２３％，２０．２％，１３．１％。该人群肝癌，胃癌减寿率显著高于辽宁省城城市居民。在不同职业接触中，疾病对职工寿命影响不同，接尘组矽肺是影响工人寿命的主要疾病，接毒组肺癌对工人寿命影响较大。用工作年限损失评价各种死因对职业人群的危害，可反映疾病对工作...     

接触滑石粉尘的陶瓷工人死因随访调查

本文对七个瓷厂1972—1974年间在厂工作一年以上的全部在册职工12218人进行了有关滑石和粉尘接触者死亡的队列研究。结果表明:全队列共死亡1256人,全死因与全国中小城市居民死亡率比较,呈轻度增高,SMR为1.18,P<0.01。主要表现在非恶性呼吸性疾病死亡增高。队列中全癌及肺癌死亡SMR分别为0.97和0.94,略低于全国居民死亡率。但接滑石人群肺癌死亡率则明显超高(SMR=2.62),提示滑石暴露与肺癌之间有联系,但例数较少,尚需进一步研究。     

沧州市2011年死因监测与减寿分析

目的了解沧州市居民死亡水平、死亡原因及死亡构成,为疾病防治工作提供决策参考依据。方法对2011年沧州市死因登记报告信息系统一年中发生并报告登记的所有死亡病例进行统计分析,用2000年标准人口构成进行率的标化。结果沧州市居民2011年粗死亡率为84.29/10万,标化死亡率为72.32/10万。主要死因为循环系统疾病（3 392例）、肿瘤（1 220例）、损伤和中毒（757例）、呼吸系统疾病（251例）、消化系统疾病（80例）,占总死亡的94.79%。结论慢性病和意外伤害是危害沧州市居民健康的主要原因,应加强相应的高危人群的自我保健意识和安全防范意识,有效减少死亡和伤害的发生,提高居民的人均寿命。     

绍兴市恶性肿瘤死因及减寿分析

目的分析绍兴市居民主要恶性肿瘤死亡情况及对寿命的影响。方法对2006年7月1日至2007年6月30日上虞、新昌、越城县(市、区)居民的恶性肿瘤死亡数据用标化死亡率、潜在寿命损失年数、早死指数、潜在工作损失年数等指标进行分析。结果1年中绍兴市居民恶性肿瘤标化死亡率161.85/10万,居全死因的首位,男女死亡率比为1:0.5。前5位恶性肿瘤依次为胃、肺、肝、食管和肠癌,不同地区死亡率有显著差异,死亡率随年龄的增长而逐渐上升,至45岁组的死亡率已达全人群平均水平(177.09/10万)。去恶性肿瘤死因平均期望寿命为79.73岁,比全死因期望寿命增长3.3岁,潜在寿命损失年数40995.96年,占总损失年数的40.56%,早死指数16.29,减寿率19.89‰。潜在工作损失年数10.97年。结论恶性肿瘤严重影响居民的生命安全和健康,加强肿瘤防治是我市今后社区综合防治工作的重点。     

239例煤工尘肺结核死因分析

２３９例煤工尘肺结核死因分析安徽淮北矿务局职防院姜杰，张麒为了探讨煤工尘肺结核死亡规律，更有效地开展对煤工尘肺的防治工作，笔者收集１９６４年４月至１９９４年４月煤工尘肺结核死：亡资料２３９例，对死因进行分析。现报道如下：１．材料与方法２３９例煤工尘肺...     

松桃苗族自治县1986年主要死因减寿分析

平均预期寿命是反映居民健康状况的一个重要指标。本文用去死因寿命表法就影响我县居民寿命的主要死因作一简要分析。资料与方法1.出生死亡资料:每月定期由村、乡、区逐级填报,县于当年6月和12月下旬组织各     

连云港市某医院1992--2006年职工死因的减寿分析

目的研究导致连云港市某医院职工早死的主要死因及其危害程度。方法采用减寿分析（PYLL）指标对医院职工1992--2006年的死因资料进行分析。结果危害职工健康的主要死因是恶性肿瘤、心脏病，其危害人群年龄组集中在55～65岁；死亡的15中有13人（86．7％）是医护人员；表明此二类疾病是导致医护人员早死（减寿）的主要死因；而发生的非正常死亡，如自杀造成的超前死亡使平均减寿年数（APYLL）增高达47．5。结论恶性肿瘤、心脏病是老年医护人员减寿的主要原因。     

Case-control study of silicosis, silica exposure, and lung cancer in white South African gold miners

A case-control study was undertaken to assess the association between lung cancer and silicosis or silica dust exposure in white South African gold miners. Cases and controls were identified from deaths reported to the Gold Miners Provident Fund for the period January, 1979-October, 1983. Two controls were matched to each case by year of birth (+/- 2 years) and by smoking (+/- 5 cigarettes or equivalents per day) assessed 10 years (+/- 2 years) prior to death. One hundred thirty-three matched triplets were identified. The results showed no overall association between lung cancer and radiological silicosis (OR = 1.08, p = 0.92). Autopsy data indicated no overall associations between lung cancer and silicosis of the lung parenchyma (OR = 1.49, p = 0.11), the pleura (OR = 0.72, p = 0.30), or the hilar glands (OR = 0.85, p = 0.72). A trend toward increased severity of silicosis of the parenchyma was evident; however, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). Odds ratios for lung cancer and silicosis were higher at lower levels of cumulative silica dust exposure (ORs = 2.43, 1.72, 1.35 and 0.62 for lung cancer and autopsy silicosis of the parenchyma for the lowest, second, third, and highest quartiles of dust exposure, respectively; all p greater than 0.05). Cases did not differ from controls for total silica dust exposure, length of exposure, weighted average intensity of exposure, or number of shifts at high dust (all p greater than 0.20). The data do not support the hypothesis of a carcinogenic role for silica dust and no statistically significant associations were found between lung cancer and silicosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

山西煤矿接尘工人生存质量的影响因素研究

目的对山西省煤矿接尘工人的生存质量进行测评,探讨其影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,选取山西省7家煤矿的2 300例接尘工人为调查对象,应用《SF-36量表》对其生存质量进行调查,采用SAS 9.2统计软件进行多重线性回归分析,探讨其生存质量的可能影响因素。结果煤矿接尘工人生存质量生理健康领域(PHC)影响因素为家庭人口数、呼吸道症状出现频率、工作疲劳度等13个因素(F=82.50,P<0.000 1),其中影响最大的是家庭人口数(b=-0.903,P=0.016 5);心理健康领域(MHC)影响因素为呼吸道症状出现频率、工作疲劳程度、对单位福利满意度等17个因素(F=63.71,P<0.000 1),其中影响最大的是呼吸道症状出现频率(b=-4.739,P<0.000 1)。结论影响煤矿接尘工人生存质量的因素是多方面的,需采取综合措施提高煤矿接尘工人的生存质量。     

Chrysotile asbestos and health in Zimbabwe: I. Analysis of miners and millers compensated for asbestos-related diseases since independence (1980)

Data on the health effects caused by locally mined chrysotile asbestos in Zimbabwe have been very limited. The prevailing local view has been that risk is minimal. In this report we critically reassess the cases of 51 individuals with asbestos exposure who have been compensated by the Central Pneumoconiosis Bureau since independence in 1980. Results demonstrate that the major health risks of exposure reported elsewhere--morbid asbestosis, nonmalignant pleural disease, malignant mesothelioma, and lung cancer--all occur in Zimbabwe, at least among workers in the asbestos mines and mills. It is concluded that further investigation and control measures in the industry are warranted.     

吸烟在云锡矿工肺癌发病中的作用

本文以1975-1984年为时段,对云南锡业公司所属六个单位工人进行了吸烟情况的调查分析。结果表明,吸烟者的肺癌发病率是非吸烟者的3.65倍。吸烟者的SMR为29.41;非吸烟者为8.42。无论吸烟程度如何,其发病、死亡都是有井下史者高于无井下史者。吸烟与职业性因素的复合作用是:吸烟+井下>单纯井下>单纯吸烟>非吸烟无井下史者。     

Mortality study of gold miners exposed to silica and nonasbestiform amphibole minerals: An update with 14 more years of follow-up

We have updated a study of 3,328 gold miners who worked underground for at least 1 year between 1940-1965 in South Dakota, extending the follow-up from 1977 to 1990. The exposures of concern were silica and nonasbestiform amphibole minerals. The lung cancer standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-1.36, 115 observed) when the U.S. population was used as the referent group, increasing to 1.25 (95% CI 1.03-1.51) when the county was used as the referent, and to 1.27 (1.02-1.55) for person-time with more than 30 years potential latency. However, lung cancer mortality did not show a positive exposure-response trend with estimated cumulative dust exposure. Data on smoking habits suggested that the miners smoked slightly more than the U.S. population in a 1960 cross-sectional survey. In contrast to lung cancer, other diseases known to be associated with silica exposure (tuberculosis and silicosis) were significantly increased (SMR = 3.44 and 2.61) and exhibited clear exposure-response trends. Nonmalignant renal disease, also associated with silica exposure, was elevated for those hired in early years and showed a significant positive exposure-response trend. Multiple-cause analysis revealed significant excesses of arthritis, musculoskeletal diseases (including systemic lupus and sclerosis), and skin conditions (including scleroderma and lupus), diseases of autoimmune origin which have been associated with silica exposure in other studies. Multiple cause analysis also showed a significant excess of diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs.     

煤矿接尘工人生存质量与职业紧张职业倦怠关系研究

目的探讨煤矿接尘工人生存质量与职业紧张、职业倦怠的相互关系。方法调查山西省7个煤矿2 058名煤矿接尘工人,采用中文版SF-36量表评价其生存质量,职业倦怠量表评价倦怠感,职业紧张量表评价职业任务、个体紧张度以及应对情况,运用SPSS 13.0和AMOS 17.0软件进行统计分析。Pearson相关描述各变量间相关程度,路径分析构建职业紧张和职业倦怠对生存质量的影响。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果职业任务、个体紧张、倦怠和个体应对均与生存质量有直接作用(P<0.001),随着煤矿工人职业任务的加重,个体紧张增强,倦怠感加重,使得生存质量降低(b=-0.38;b=-1.31;b=-0.68);同时个体应对增强又能够使得生存质量得以提高(b=0.97)。个体紧张、倦怠和个体应对又是职业任务与生存质量的中间调节作用。职业任务的加重,使得个体紧张度增加(b=0.25)、倦怠感增强(b=0.09),从而降低生存质量;个体紧张的增加同时也使得倦怠感增强(b=0.32);而个体应对能力强则可以降低个体紧张度(b=-0.15)与倦怠感(b=-0.28),从而提高生存质量。结论煤矿接尘工人职业任务、个体紧张、个体应对以及职业倦怠均与其生存质量有密切关系。关注煤矿接尘工人,积极改进作业环境,降低工作强度,增加人文关怀,提升应对能力,有助于生存质量的提高。     

An update of mortality from all causes among white uranium miners from the Colorado plateau study group

To place previously recognized mortality risks into the context of the total mortality from all causes, an updated retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted on 3,238 white males from the US Public Health Service cohort of Colorado Plateau uranium miners. Vital status was followed from 1960 through 1990. Life-table analyses used combined New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado mortality rates for external comparison and mortality risks within the lowest radon-exposure or duration-employed category for internal comparison. Significantly elevated SMRs were found for pneumoconioses (SMR = 24.1, 95% CI 16.0–33.7), lung cancer (SMR = 5.8, 95% CI 5.2–6.4), tuberculosis (SMR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.9–6.2), chronic obstructive respiratory diseases (SMR = 2.8, 95% CI 2.2–3.5), emphysema (SMR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.9–3.2), benign and unspecified tumors (SMR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.0–4.6), and diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs (SMR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.0–5.0). No significantly lowered SMRs were found for any disease. For lung cancer and pneumoconioses, standardized rate ratios increased with increasing exposure to radon progeny or duration of employment. Most findings from this update are consistent with previous studies. Not observed were previously elevated SMRs for chronic nephritis and for acute alcoholism. New findings observed were elevated SMRs for benign and unspecified tumors and for diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs. The most important long-term mortality risks for the white uranium-miners continue to be lung cancer and pneumoconioses, for which SMRs remain significantly elevated after a mean period of 22.4 years since last uranium mining. Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:211–222, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

铁矿工肺癌病因病例对照研究

本研究系在历史前瞻性队列研究基础上,采用同厂矿队列内病例:对照=1:4配比,对接尘、矽肺、吸烟与肺癌之间关系进行了对比分析。结果未发现肺癌发病与接尘、矽肺有直接关系;但结果说明吸烟与肺癌关系密切。     

An update of a mortality study of talc miners and millers in Italy

BACKGROUND: While talc containing asbestiform fibers is considered a human carcinogen, only limited animal and human data are available on non-asbestiform talc. To provide further evaluation on the issue, we updated the analysis of an Italian cohort of talc miners and millers in Val Chisone; talc found here is free from asbestiform fibers. METHODS: The cohort was comprised of 1,795 men who had worked for at least 1 year in the mine and/or in the factory between 1946 and 1995. Vital status and death certificates were obtained from registration offices in the municipality of death or of birth. Employment, termination of employment, and detailed job history were obtained from personnel records at the plant. RESULTS: No excess was found for total cancer mortality, nor mortality for lung cancer. No case of mesothelioma was reported. There was a significant excess mortality from non-neoplastic respiratory diseases (SMR 228.2, 95% CI 190.2-271.5). Mortality excess for non-neoplastic respiratory diseases was mainly due to silicosis. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides additional support for an association between talc in mining and milling and non-neoplastic respiratory diseases, while showing no significant excess risk for lung cancer and mesothelioma. The results also provide additional information of interest to evaluate the potential association between silica and lung cancer.     

Lung cancer mortality and airways obstruction among metal miners exposed to silica and low levels of radon daughters

Starting from a cross-sectional survey in 1973, the mortality of two cohorts of Sardinian metal miners was followed through December 31, 1988. In mine A, the quartz concentration in respirable dust ranged between 0.2% and 2.0% and the exposure to radon daughters averaged 0.13 working level (WL), with the highest estimated cumulative exposure around 80–120 WLM. In mine B, the silica content was much higher (6.5–29%), but exposure to radon daughters was significantly lower than in mine A. More than 98% of the overall work force in 1973 (1,741 miners) entered the cohort, providing 25,842.5 person-years. Smoking, occupational history, chest radiographs, and lung function tests were available for the cohort members at admission. Mortality for all causes was slightly lower than expected. A significant excess for nonmalignant chronic respiratory diseases was noticed in both mines. Twenty-four subjects died of lung cancer, 17 from mine A (SMR: 128; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 75–205) and 7 from mine B (SMR: 85; 95% CI: 34–175). The SMR for lung cancer was highest among the underground workers from mine A (SMR: 148; 95% CI: 74–265), with a significant upward trend by duration of employment in underground jobs. Mine B underground miners showed lung cancer SMRs close to 100 without a significant trend by duration of employment. Among underground miners with spirometric airways obstruction in 1973, those from mine A showed the highest risk (SMR: 316; 95% CI: 116–687). The relationship did not change after adjusting for age and smoking. Based on the present findings, crystalline silica per se does not appear to affect lung cancer mortality. A slight association between lung cancer mortality and exposure to radon daughters, though within relatively low levels, may be considered for underground miners from mine A. Impaired pulmonary function may be an independent predictor of lung cancer and an important risk factor enhancing the residence time of inhaled carcinogens, i.e., alpha particles or PAHs, by impairing their bronchial and alveolar clearance. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.