优秀击剑运动员下肢三关节等速肌力测试分析

目的:研究我国优秀击剑运动员下肢髋、膝、踝三关节肌群等速肌力表现,找出薄弱肌群。方法:国家击剑队备战2008年奥运会重点队员26名,男女各13名,年龄23.1±2.36岁。在60°/s、240°/s速度下测定运动员双侧下肢髋、膝、踝屈伸肌群等速向心峰力矩。结果发现:(1)髋关节:在240°/s下双侧伸肌峰力矩均明显低于60°/s(P<0.05),60°/s和240°/s下双侧髋关节屈肌峰力矩无显著差异(P>0.05);男运动员两个速度下前腿伸肌峰力矩均显著高于后腿(P<0.05),女运动员无显著差异(P>0.05);两个速度下,运动员双腿屈伸肌峰力矩比值低于正常。(2)膝关节:60°/s时男运动员双腿屈伸肌峰力矩有显著差异(P<0.05),240°/s时双侧伸肌峰力矩有显著差异(P<0.05),女运动员两个速度下均无显著差异(P>0.05);60°/s时,女运动员前后腿屈伸肌峰力矩比值分别为0.56和0.54,男运动员分别为0.63和0.67;240/°s时男女前后腿屈伸肌峰力矩比值均在正常范围。(3)踝关节:60°/s时男运动员前腿踝关节屈伸肌峰力矩显著大于后腿(P<0.05),240°/s时无显著差异(P>0.05);两个速度下,女运动员踝关节屈伸肌峰力矩均无显著性差异(P>0.05);运动员踝关节屈伸峰力矩比值在两个速度下均低于正常。结论:优秀男子击剑运动员下肢关节等速肌力双侧不对称,女运动员不对称表现不明显;击剑运动员下肢薄弱肌群为后腿髋关节伸肌群、股后肌群、前腿股后肌群及踝关节背伸肌群。     

中国女子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力测试分析

目的:了解中国国家女子篮球队运动员膝关节等速肌力特征。方法:选用IsoMed 2000等速测试系统,采用60°/s、180°/s、240°/s三种角速度,测试18名中国女篮国家队运动员膝关节等速肌力。根据场上位置将运动员分为三组:后卫组7人(1、2号位),前锋组6人(3、4号位),中锋组5人(5号位),比较分析三组运动员的测试结果。结果:(1)女篮运动员双侧膝关节慢速测试时(60°/s)屈伸肌峰力矩(PT)显著高于快速测试(180°/s,240°/s),膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)随测试速度增加递增,左右膝H/Q无显著性差异。(2)慢速测试时(60°/s),左右膝关节峰力矩、峰力矩/体重比值、平均功率、H/Q无显著差异。(3)快速测试(240°/s)时,左膝屈肌PT、峰力矩/体重比值(PT/BW)显著高于右膝。180°/s测试时,左膝屈肌平均功率显著高于右膝。(4)60°/s测试时,后卫、前锋、中锋运动员PT、PT/BW组间比较无显著性差别。180°/s测试时,后卫运动员左膝屈肌PT与前锋、中锋运动员比较有显著性差异(P=0.02),各组间伸肌PT未见显著差异。240°/s测试时,后卫运动员右膝屈、伸肌PT/BW和中锋运动员比较均存在显著差异;后卫、前锋、中锋三组运动员平均功率、H/Q、总功与峰值功率组间比较均无显著性差别。结论:(1)女篮运动员快速测试(240°/s)时左膝屈肌力量强于右膝,反映快速运动时左右膝关节肌力不平衡。(2)不同场上位置女篮运动员膝关节等速肌力快速测试结果有差异性,提示力量训练应根据场上位置进行特异性训练。(3)女篮运动员需加强屈肌快速力量训练,以提高H/Q,预防膝关节损伤。     

关节内损伤后膝关节屈伸肌群的等速向心训练

用Ｃｙｂｅｘ－６０００）型等速肌力测试系统对２０例膝关节内损伤后患者的股四头肌绳肌进行等速向心训练。结果表明：经过约５周的训练，患膝屈伸肌群的峰力矩、总作功量、平均功率和力矩加速能量均显著提高，但伸肌群较屈肌群进步慢，且出现屈伸肌群肌力失衡。等速向心训练对伤后肌肉功能恢复具有促进作用。伸肌群进步缓慢可能与损伤的内在性质有关，加强股四头肌训练对维持屈伸肌力平衡和膝关节稳定性具有重要意义。     

耐力力量复合训练对新兵膝屈伸肌功能影响的等速测试研究

为探讨耐力力量复合训练对新兵膝屈伸肌功能的影响 ,选择 2 0名新兵进行为期 4周的耐力力量复合训练 ,训练前后采用Cybex 6 0 0 0型等速运动测试仪对新兵的膝屈伸肌肌力、肌爆发力及肌耐力进行等速测试并加以比较。结果显示 ,训练后双膝屈肌的峰力矩、力矩加速能和耐力比在不同测试速度 (6 0°/s ,180°/s)时有不同程度的提高 ,训练前后相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;双膝伸肌的TAE和ER值也有明显的提高 ;峰力矩H/Q值训练后均有提高 ,但训练前后无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。提示为期 4周的耐力力量复合训练可有效地发展双膝屈肌的肌力、肌爆发力和肌耐力 ,同时应加强力量训练的负荷以全面发展伸肌力量。     

不同级别男子跳高运动员髋关节屈伸峰力矩测试分析

目的:分析比较不同级别男子跳高运动员髋关节屈伸肌群向心收缩时峰力矩特点及差异。方法:采用德国ISOMED2000等速测试仪,对8名一级男子跳高运动员和8名二级男子跳高运动员髋关节肌群进行等速向心收缩测试,测试角速度120°/s,指标包括峰力矩、相对峰力矩(峰力矩/体重)、峰力矩出现角度。结果:一级跳高运动员摆动腿屈肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩显著大于二级运动员(P<0.01),起跳腿伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩显著大于二级运动员(P<0.05,P<0.01);一、二级运动员髋关节屈、伸肌群最大峰力矩时的角度均在85度左右。结果表明:一级运动员摆动腿向上摆腿力量和起跳腿伸髋力量大于二级运动员。     

青年男性膝关节等速向心收缩正常值研究

利用ＢＩＯＤＥＸ多关节等速测试及康复系统测试了１２０个正常男性膝关节的等速向心收缩数据，包括峰力矩、双侧同名肌峰力矩差异、到达峰力矩时间、发挥峰力矩角度、相对峰力矩、总功、相对总功、双侧总功差异、疲劳指数、平均功率、屈肌／伸肌值，为进一步深入研究提供了参考数据。     

慢性创伤性肩关节前方不稳定的等速肌力研究

目的:探讨慢性创伤性肩关节前方不稳定(Chronic Traumatic Anterior ShoulderInstability,TASI)患肩与正常肩关节在执行不同功能性动作中的等速肌力定量特征,为改善患者的临床疗效和选择治疗方案提供依据。方法:选取10名TASI右侧患肩和14名正常右侧肩关节对照,分别执行肩胛平面外展、内收,屈、伸,30°外展位内外旋,使用瑞士Contrex System-Top1000型等速肌力测试系统测试其等速向心60°/s、120°/s、180°/s的峰力矩。结果:与正常肩关节相比,TASI患肩外展、外展30°位外旋肌群峰力矩、外旋/内旋肌群峰力矩比值明显下降,并且随着角速度的增加,峰力矩呈下降趋势。结论:慢性创伤性肩关节前方不稳定的康复训练可在保护好肩关节静力性稳定结构前提下,注意增强外旋肌群和外展肌群的肌力。     

原发性骨质疏松或骨量低下患者下肢肌力与平衡功能相关性研究

目的:研究原发性骨质疏松和骨量低下患者下肢肌肉力量与平衡功能的相关性。方法:入组患者为57名通过GE Express超声波跟骨骨密度仪检测诊断为原发性骨质疏松或骨量低下的绝经期女性患者;采用美国Biodex Medical Systems公司生产的Biodex System 4多关节等速测试系统测试下肢肌力;采用单腿站立平衡检测(single leg balance test,SLBT)结果反映患者平衡功能,所得数据应用spss15.0软件进行Pearson线性相关分析,得出线性回归方程。结果:原发性骨质疏松患者优势腿单腿站立时间与慢速屈肌群相对峰力矩的相关系数r=0.540(P=0.000),与中速屈肌群相对峰力矩的相关系数r=0.523(P=0.000),与慢速伸肌群相对峰力矩相关系数r=0.378(P=0.004),与中速伸肌群相对峰力矩的相关系数r=0.282(P=0.034)。结论:原发性骨质疏松患者优势腿伸肌肌力和屈肌肌力与平衡功能均呈正相关,其中屈肌肌力对平衡功能的影响大于伸肌肌力。     

我国优秀女子铅球运动员投掷臂三关节等速肌力特征

目的:通过对我国优秀女子铅球运动员投掷臂关节等速肌力参数进行运动生物力学测试和分析,揭示不同训练水平女子铅球运动员的上肢力量特征,通过统计对比发现其力量素质中的差距和不足,为今后女子铅球项目的专项力量训练和同类研究提供理论参考。方法:采用ISO-MED2000等速测试系统测试获取4名我国最高水平女子铅球运动员投掷臂三关节60°/s和240°/s时向心等速运动屈、伸肌群峰力矩、相对峰力矩、屈伸肌峰力矩比、平均功率等参数,结合专项技术进行分析。结果:(1)国际健将组肩关节屈肌群峰力矩、相对峰力矩在240°/s时显著大于健将组(P<0.05),屈伸肌峰力矩比健将组由60°/s时1.02降至240°/s时0.44,下降显著(P<0.01),快速屈曲能力不足;(2)国际健将组肘关节伸肌不同速度下适应性和做功效率较健将组强,屈伸肌峰力矩比由60°/s时的1.50降至240°/s时的0.74;(3)国际健将组腕关节屈肌群峰力矩、相对峰力矩随速度的加快下降显著(P<0.05),屈伸肌峰力矩比两组在60°/s时分别为1.90和1.78并降至240°/s的1.09和0.53,健将组下降显著(P<0.05)。结论:在投掷臂三关节肌肉力量特征上,女子铅球项目国际健将在肩、肘、腕三关节屈伸力矩和功率综合分析均优于健将运动员,证明了强大的投掷臂三关节肌力是女子铅球项目取得优异成绩的根本保证。     

强化循环训练对新兵膝屈伸肌功能影响的等速测试研究

目的　研究强化循环训练对新兵膝屈伸肌功能的影响。方法　 16 0名新兵进行 8周强化循环训练 ,训练前后采用Cybex 6 0 0 0型等速运动测试仪对膝屈伸肌肌力、肌爆发力及肌耐力进行等速测试并加以比较。结果　新兵训练后双膝屈伸肌的峰力矩、力矩加速能和耐力比在不同测试速度 (6 0°/s,180°/s)时有不同程度的提高 ,训练前后相比差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　 8周的强化循环训练能达到全面发展新兵膝屈伸肌肌力、肌爆发力和肌耐力的目的。     

Effects of velocity on upper to lower extremity muscular work and power output ratios of intercollegiate athletes

OBJECTIVES: Peak torque expresses a point output which may, but does not always, correlate well with full range output measures such as work or power, particularly in a rehabilitating muscle. This study evaluates isokinetic performance variables, particularly (a) flexor to extensor work and power output ratios of upper and lower extremities and (b) overall upper to lower extremity work and power ratios, in intercollegiate athletes. The purpose was to ascertain how speeds of 30 and 180 degrees/s influence agonist to antagonist ratios for torque, work, and power and to determine the effects of these speeds on upper to lower limb flexor (F), extensor (E), and combined (F + E) ratios, as a guide to rehabilitation protocols and outcomes after injury. METHODS: Twenty seven athletic men without upper or lower extremity clinical histories were tested isokinetically at slow and moderately fast speeds likely to be encountered in early stages of rehabilitation after injury. Seated knee extensor and flexor outputs, particularly work and power, were investigated, as were full range elbow extensor and flexor outputs. The subjects were morphologically similar in linearity and muscularity (coefficient of variation 4.17%) so that standardisation of isokinetic outputs to body mass effectively normalised for strength differences due to body size. Peak torque (N.m/kg), total work (J/kg), and average power (W/kg) for elbow and knee flexions and extensions were measured on a Cybex 6000 isokinetic dynamometer. With respect to the raw data, the four test conditions (F at 30 degrees/s; E at 30 degrees/s; F at 180 degrees/s; E at 180 degrees/s) were analysed by one way analysis of variance. Reciprocal (agonist to antagonist) F to E ratios of the upper and lower extremities were calculated, as were upper to lower extremity flexor, extensor, and combined (F + E) ratios. Speed related differences between the derived ratios were analysed by Student's t tests (related samples). RESULTS: At the speeds tested all torque responses exhibited velocity related decrements at rates that kept flexor to extensor ratios and upper to lower extremity ratios constant (p > 0.05) for work and power. All upper extremity relative torque, work, and power flexion responses were equal to extension responses (p > 0.05) regardless of speed. Conversely, all lower extremity relative measures of torque, work, and power of flexors were significantly lower than extensor responses. In the case of both upper and lower extremities, work and power F to E ratios were unaffected by speed. Moreover, increasing speed from 30 to 180 degrees/s had no effect on upper to lower extremity work and power ratios, whether for flexion, extension, or flexion and extension combined. CONCLUSIONS: Peak torque responses may not adequately reflect tension development through an extensive range of motion. Total work produced and mean power generated, on the other hand, are highly relevant measures of performance, and these, expressed as F to E ratios, are unaffected by speeds of 30 and 180 degrees/s, whether for upper or lower extremities or for upper to lower extremities. In this sample, regardless of speed, the upper extremity produced 55% of the work and 39% of the power of the lower extremity, when flexor and extensor outputs were combined. Injured athletes are, in the early stages of function restoration, often not able to exert tension at fast speeds. An understanding of upper to lower extremity muscular work and power ratios has important implications for muscle strengthening after injury. Knowledge of normal upper to lower extremity work and power output ratios at slow to moderately fast isokinetic speeds is particularly useful in cases of bilateral upper (or lower) extremity rehabilitation, when the performance of a contralateral limb cannot be used as a yardstick.     

中国青年踝关节跖屈、背屈肌群力量的研究

目的 :(1 )通过测试健康青年踝关节背屈、跖屈肌群的力量 ,为运动训练、损伤和康复提供实验依据 ;(2 )探讨健康青年踝关节跖屈、背屈肌群工作的生物力学规律。方法 :利用CYBEX -60 0 0型测力系统对 70例健康青年 (男 35人 ,女 35人)踝关节背屈、跖屈肌群进行等长和等速测试。结果发现 :在等长测试中 ,男、女踝关节背屈肌群峰力矩均随测试角度的增加而增加 ,跖屈峰力矩随测试角的增加而减小。在等速向心测试中 ,男、女踝关节背屈、跖屈肌群峰力矩随测试角速度的增加而减小。两种测试均表明 ,跖屈肌群峰力矩大于背屈肌群峰力矩 (P <0 0 5)。男性与女性相比 ,绝对力矩较大(P <0 0 5) ;但去除体重因素后 ,男、女相对力矩间差距缩小。结果表明 ,用相对峰力矩比较男、女肌力的差别更为合理。通过对踝关节背屈 /跖屈肌群峰力矩比值的研究 ,发现我国健康青年普遍踝关节背屈肌群力量比较薄弱 ,推测这可能是导致踝关节易扭伤的原因之一     

Knee isokinetic muscle strength and balance ratio in female soccer players of different age groups: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT

Background: As a consequence of years of soccer training and sexual maturation, there is an increase in lower body muscle mass and strength especially in the knee extensors and flexors muscles. In this context, the lack of knee joint stability, resulting from strength imbalance between knee extensor and flexors muscles, has been associated with knee injuries. The aim of this study was to compare the knee flexor and extensor muscle peak torque, average power, contralateral deficit, conventional and functional balance ratios of female soccer players from different age groups.

Methods: Sixty-six female soccer players were divided into four groups: under 13 (U13), under 15 (U15), under 17 (U17) years old and professional (PRO). Flexor and extensor knee muscle strength in concentric and eccentric actions of both limbs were assessed using isokinetic dynamometer.

Results: For the dominant limb, the knee concentric extensor muscles peak torques, assessed at 60 and at 240 deg/sec, and the average power of U15 group were significantly higher than U13 group. Extensor muscle average power of the PRO group was higher than U17. Dominant knee flexor average power of U15 was significantly higher than the U13 group. Peak torque at 60 deg/sec and 240 deg/sec and average power of the PRO group were higher than the U17 group. No differences were found regarding the eccentric action for flexor and extensor muscles. Conventional and functional balance ratios were similar among all age group, except for U13, which presented higher values than the U15 group for the dominant limb.

Conclusions: The greatest improvement in muscular performance occur when the athlete starts practicing soccer (after U13) and when they become professional (after U17) and the balance ratios, and muscle balance ratios remain stable in all age groups, although they are below the recommended level in the literature, which may increase the risk for lower limb injury.     

A cross-sectional analysis of sagittal knee laxity and isokinetic muscle strength in soccer players

In this cross-sectional study, sagittal knee laxity and isokinetic strength of knee extensor and flexor muscle groups were measured and differences related to leg dominance were evaluated. A total of 44 healthy male soccer players (who had trained regularly at least for the last five years) and 44 sedentary people as their control counterparts were involved in this study. All participants were tested using a KT-1000 knee arthrometer for knee laxity. Isokinetic concentric knee peak torque and hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio were also measured at 60, 180, 300 degrees/s through a Cybex 2 - 340 dynamometer. Posterior laxity in the non-dominant side of soccer players was significantly higher than in the dominant side (p < 0.005) while there were no significant anterior and total anteroposterior (total AP) laxity differences in both groups. Soccer players had significantly lower anterior and total AP laxity values than controls (p < 0.0001) while there was no significant difference between posterior laxity values in both sides. Dominant extremity demonstrated significantly higher knee flexor peak torque and H/Q ratio at 180 degrees /s in soccer players (p < 0.05). Similarly in sedentary controls, H/Q ratio at 60 degrees /s of the dominant side was significantly higher than that in the non-dominant side (p < 0.05). Soccer players had significantly higher extensor and flexor peak torque values and H/Q ratios than sedentary subjects for both extremities. In both groups, there were no significant correlations between knee laxity and isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength and H/Q ratios except weak negative correlation between posterior knee laxity and isokinetic extensor peak torque at 60, 180 and 300 degrees /s (p < 0.005, r = - 0.43, p < 0.05, r = - 0.39, p < 0.05, r = - 0.32 respectively) in the non-dominant side of soccer players and at 300 degrees /s (p < 0.05, r = - 0.32) in the non-dominant side of controls. Soccer players demonstrated significantly less sagittal knee laxity and higher isokinetic strength of the knee flexors and extensors compared to sedentary controls. Isokinetic strength difference was found to be higher for the flexor muscle group. Further prospective studies are needed to explain whether the increased H/Q ratio decreases the risk of ligamentous injury.     

Effect of strength and proprioception training on eversion to inversion strength ratios in subjects with unilateral functional ankle instability

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of six weeks of strength and proprioception training on eversion to inversion isokinetic strength ratios (E/I ratios) in subjects with unilateral functional ankle instability. METHODS: Thirty eight subjects were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: strength training (S); proprioception training (P); strength + proprioception training (B); control (C). Isokinetic strength was tested before and after training using a Kin Com 125 automatic positioning isokinetic dynamometer. Subtalar joint eversion and inversion motions were tested both concentrically and eccentrically through a range of motion involving 40 degrees. All peak torque and average torque values were normalised for body mass. E/I ratios were calculated from average torque and peak torque measures by taking the concentric eversion value and combining it with the eccentric inversion value. Data were analysed using a mixed model analysis of variance with repeated measures on the test factor. Average torque and peak torque E/I ratios at 30 and 120 degrees/s were analysed separately. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in average torque and peak torque E/I ratios of the functionally unstable ankle for any of the groups after training compared with before. CONCLUSIONS: Six weeks of strength and proprioception training (either alone or combined) had no effect on isokinetic measures of strength in subjects with self reported unilateral functional instability. Further studies examining this agonist (concentric) to antagonist (eccentric) muscle group strength ratio are needed.     

Isokinetic strength testing in patients with chronic heart failure--a reliability study

Measurement of skeletal muscle strength gains increasing importance as outcome parameter in patients with chronic heart failure. This study aimed at establishing short-term reliability of isokinetic strength measurements of knee extensor and flexor muscles in 38 patients with chronic heart failure. Strength tests were performed on the Cybex 6000 dynamometer. Trunk fixation was restricted to pelvic fixation. Two bouts of strength testing were performed on day 1 and one on day 5. Each isokinetic bout consisted of 3 reciprocal knee extension and flexion movements with an angular speed of 60 degrees per second. Isometric strength was measured at 30 degree knee angulation. Intraclass correlations ranged between 0.96 and 0.99 for isokinetic and isometric peak torque of knee extensor muscles and 0.82-0.96 for flexor muscles. Analysis of repeated measurements showed significant differences among the values of flexor peak torque in the isokinetic mode and between all measurements in the isometric mode (p < 0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficients for isokinetic and isometric extensor peak torques ranged between 0.95 and 0.99, for flexor peak torques between 0.81 and 0.85 (all p < 0.0001). Measurement of isokinetic knee extensor and flexor peak torque is a reliable method to assess muscle strength in patients with chronic heart failure even with altered trunk fixation.     

Joint laxity and isokinetic thigh muscle strength characteristics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: bone patellar tendon bone versus quadrupled hamstring autografts.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze ligamentous stability and isokinetic strength of knee extensor and flexor muscles after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using 2 different autografts with identical fixation. DESIGN: This study implements a comparative case series design. SETTING: Schulthess Clinic, Switzerland. PATIENTS: A total of 153 consecutive patients (n = 87 bone-patellar tendon-bone [BPTB]/66 quadruple semitendinosus/gracilis tendons [QSGT] patients) who underwent BPTB and QSGT surgery were functionally assessed. INTERVENTION: All patients were functionally assessed (knee extension/flexion isokinetic strength and knee joint laxity) at a mean follow-up time of 11 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Laxity was measured utilizing the Kneelax arthrometer, whereas isokinetic strength of the knee extensor/flexor muscle groups was measured using the Biodex Multi Joint System 2 (180 degrees/s and 300 degrees/s). RESULTS: The QSGT group had significantly greater knee joint laxity when compared with the BPTB group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, females in the QSGT group demonstrated the greatest knee joint laxity overall (P < 0.001). Additionally, a significant flexor torque deficiency was demonstrated in the QSGT group (P < 0.001); however, no differences in extensor torque were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a BPTB autograft achieved better knee joint stability as well as greater knee flexor torque than the QSGT autograft. Both grafts exhibited a similar knee extensor torque deficit, indicating that only quadriceps strength is not graft-dependent.     

Isokinetic muscle performance after surgery of the lateral ligaments of the ankle.

In this study, we assessed the isokinetic strength and power profile of 138 patients with a surgically treated lateral ligament injury of an ankle. In addition, the outcome predicting factors were analyzed. The measurements were done 6.2+/-0.8 years after the surgery using the Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer. The general strength status of the patients was good, the isokinetic testing showing no or only moderate (always < or = 18%) average strength deficits in the peak torque values of dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles of the injured ankle. Of the outcome predicting variables, only the age of the patient in the group with surgery for chronic ankle instability correlated significantly with the isokinetic peak torque deficits: the older the subject, the greater the peak torque deficit in the injured ankle (r(s) = -0.388 with p = 0.015) in ankle dorsiflexion at the speed of 60 degrees/s. In conclusion, patients having surgery for ankle ligament insufficiency, either in acute or chronic phase of the injury, seem to recover well showing no remarkable deficiencies in the isokinetic ankle muscle strengths several years after the repair.