小切口骨钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折

对12例后交叉韧带（PCL）胫骨止点撕脱骨折行膝后内侧小切口切开复位骨钉内固定治疗。随访6～18个月,骨折全部愈合。提示膝后内侧小切口切开复位骨钉内固定是治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折的有效办法之一。     

空心钉结合锚钉与空心钉单独固定治疗胫骨后交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折对比研究

目的 比较空心钉结合锚钉与空心钉单独固定治疗胫骨后交叉韧带(PCL)止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月—2020年1月在北京市垂杨柳医院骨科接受诊治的28例胫骨PCL止点撕脱骨折患者的临床资料.行膝关节后内侧入路空心钉结合锚钉固定治疗的14例患者设为观察组,男性7例,女性7例;年龄20～65岁,平均33.8岁;运动损伤4例,道路交通伤10例.行膝关节后内侧入路空心钉治疗的14例患者设为对照组,男性8例,女性6例;年龄20～65岁,平均34.7岁;运动损伤3例,道路交通伤11例.比较两组手术指标、膝关节各功能、关节渗液、下肢静脉血栓、螺钉与锚钉松动等并发症发生情况.结果 术后9个月,两组美国膝关节协会(AKS)评分及Lysholm评分均明显高于术前,且观察组明显高于对照组[(191.24±2.29)分vs.(181.26±1.56)分,P＜0.05;(92.28±3.29)分vs.(88.02±3.32)分,P＜0.05.两组手术时间、术中出血量以及骨折愈合时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).观察组并发症发生率明显低于对照组(0vs.14.29％,P＜0.05).结论 采用膝关节后内侧入路空心钉结合锚钉固定治疗的手术方式,可有效提高胫骨PCL止点撕脱骨折患者术后患肢膝关节功能,减少术后并发症发生,且未延长手术时间及骨折愈合时间.     

膝后内侧倒“L”形切口结合空心螺钉内固治疗后交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折

目的：探讨应用膝关节后内侧倒＂L＂形切口结合空心螺钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效。方法：对33例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折应用膝关节后内侧倒＂L＂形切口结合空心螺钉内固定。结果：33例患者进行了6～36个月,平均20个月的随访,X线检查结果表明所有骨折均顺利愈合,平均愈合时间为4.5个月。Lysholm评分结果表明,优26例,良7例,优良率为100%。没有关节感染、骨折块移位、骨不连等并发症发生。结论：应用膝后内侧倒＂L＂形切口结合空心螺钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折方法简单,固定可靠,效果复好。     

关节镜下经髌内侧入路空心钉固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的:探讨关节镜下经髌内侧入路空心钉固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2008年10月至2011年9月的32例前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者的病例资料,全部患者采用关节镜下经髌内侧入路导入空心钉进行骨折内固定,采用膝关节功能评分及影像学检查评估术后疗效。结果:术后膝关节侧位片螺钉与胫骨平台夹角平均为(48°±7.3°),随访8~32个月,平均18个月,骨折愈合平均时间为(6.5±0.6)周,术后8周Lysholm膝关节功能评分达到(90.5±1.7)分,随访终末期Lysholm评分达到(94.6±1.5)分。结论:采用关节镜下经髌内侧入路导入空心钉治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折,取得了良好的临床效果。     

关节镜下Ethibond缝线联合Endobutton钢板治疗膝前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨关节镜下Ethibond缝线联合Endobutton钢板固定治疗前交叉韧带下止点撕脱性骨折的可行性及近期疗效。方法2010年7月～2012年8月对23例膝前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折患者行关节镜下Ethibond韧带缝线联合Endobutton带袢钢板止点重建术,男性16例,女性7例;年龄25～66岁,平均38．5岁。术中使用Ethibond缝线,横穿撕脱骨折腱骨联合区,经韧带两侧胫骨骨隧道拉到胫骨内下方,固定在胫骨前方Endobutton钢板上。结果手术时间45—70min,平均55min。23例均随访11—24个月,平均17．5个月。术后6个月,所有骨折均获愈合,未出现骨折移位及膝关节不稳;Lysholm膝关节功能评分86～97分。结论关节镜下韧带缝线联合Endobutton带袢钢板治疗膝前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折,操作简便,效果可靠。     

切开复位内、外排锚钉固定与空心螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带撕脱骨折临床效果分析

目的比较切开内、外排锚钉固定与空心螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带(PCL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效。方法选取自2017年1月至2019年1月沈阳市骨科医院收治的28例PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者为研究对象。其中,行切开内、外排锚钉固定的14例患者设为内、外排锚钉组,行空心螺钉固定的14例患者设为空心螺钉组。比较两组患者的手术时间。术后1周和术后1、3、6个月复查X线影像,评估骨折愈合情况;采用国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分、 Lysholm评分及Tegner评分评估患侧膝关节功能恢复情况。结果所有患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合并获得随访。内、外排锚钉组手术时间为(42.0±13.5)min,低于空心螺钉组的(65.0±19.3)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月,所有患者X线影像示骨折均已愈合;两组患者IKDC评分、Lysholm评分及Tegner评分均较术前明显改善,但两组间各评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论切开内、外排锚钉固定及空心螺钉固定治疗Meyers-McKeeverⅡ、Ⅲ型PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折均具有骨折复位满意、术后关节功能恢复佳等优点;与空心螺钉固定相比,内、外排锚钉固定手术时间短,对于骨折块大小及骨质条件无特殊要求,且操作相对简单。     

双Endobutton悬吊固定青少年患者前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的早期疗效

目的:探讨关节镜下单胫骨隧道,双Endobutton微型钢板结合双股高强度Ultrabraid Suture装置悬吊固定青少年(骨骺未闭合)患者前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的早期疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年5月~2015年6月对21例青少年患者急性前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折,采用关节镜下双Endo-button微型钢板结合双股高强度Ultrabraid Suture装置悬吊固定,对所有患者进行关节镜下骨床新鲜化、骨折块复位,双Endobutton微型钢板悬吊固定。所有患者术后1周、1个月、3个月、每隔半年复查X线片。采用前抽屉试验和Lachman试验来评估膝关节术后稳定性,记录Lysholm评分,评估患者术后恢复情况。结果:术中出血量43~68 ml,平均53.95±7.10 ml;手术时间27~55 min,平均38.76±7.71 min。所有21例患者均获随访18~25个月,平均21.86±2.78个月。术后3个月X线片提示骨折块完全愈合,没有出现骨折畸形愈合或不愈合。所有患者均未出现软组织感染、髁间撞击症造成的膝关节伸直受限等并发症。末次随访Lysholm评分(97.14±1.35)相比术前(40.24±5.81)显著提高。结论:关节镜下单胫骨隧道,双Endobutton钢板结合双股高强度Ultrabraid Suture悬吊固定治疗急性期青少年患者前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折,早期临床效果令人满意。     

关节镜下双半结缝扎固定治疗急性后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折10例回顾分析

目的:探讨关节镜下双半结缝扎固定治疗后交叉韧带(PCL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术方法及其疗效。方法:2007年10月至2008年10月采用关节镜下双半结缝扎固定治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者10例,年龄16～45岁,骨折块横径>10 mm者5例,5～10 mm者3例,<5 mm者2例,均在关节镜下使用双股5号爱惜邦缝线,采用缝扎的方式在韧带末端上方打双半结,对撕脱骨块捆扎。从胫骨前内侧向胫骨后方骨床的四点半及七点半方向钻两个2.0 mm骨隧道,经骨隧道将缝线拉出,固定于胫前门型钉上。术后观察骨折复位情况、愈合时间;并拟定关节功能恢复至伤前水平或连续3次随访膝关节Lysholm评分无变化者为末次随访,用末次随访的KT2000值及Lysholm评分评估疗效。结果:所有患者均获随访,随访时间12～24个月,平均15.5个月。所有骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间2.5个月,复查X线片与术后第1日X线片对比骨块无再移位;术前KT2000值为11.53±2.37 mm,术后末次随访时为0.83±0.42 mm,手术前后采用t检验比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);术后Lysholm评分平均96.25±2.33分;3例青少年患者未见骨骺早闭;所有患者关节屈伸功能正常,均达到伤前运动水平。结论:关节镜下双半结缝扎固定治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折,固定可靠、创伤小、可较好恢复患膝功能;能同时处理关节内的合并伤;为粉碎性骨折、骨折块较小的患者提供有效的固定方法;对青少年患者的骨骺影响较小。     

后交叉韧带胫骨端撕脱断裂的手术治疗体会

目的 研究后交叉韧带胫骨附着区撕脱断裂的手术治疗效果.方法 共计38例病人采用可吸收螺钉固定或采用钢丝通过钻孔牵拉修复PCL胫骨附着区新鲜损伤,术后交叉克氏针经皮固定膝关节于屈膝30°的方法,4周去石膏托,6周拔除克氏针.结果 38例均获随访,随访时间6个月～2年,平均9.5个月,术后均无血管、神经损伤 膝关节功能恢复良好.结论 手术修补结合交叉克氏针经皮固定膝关节治疗后交叉韧带胫骨端撕脱断裂,既能有效地防止牵拉导致撕脱断端再移位 又利于撕脱骨折块的愈合及关节功能恢复,是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

关节镜下双带线锚钉前交叉韧带止点足印重建治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折

目的:探讨关节镜下复位、双带线锚钉前交叉韧带(ACL)止点足印解剖重建治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法:2009年4月～2011年4月,对15例胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折患者在关节镜下行骨折解剖复位、双带线锚钉ACL止点足印解剖固定术。胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折的Meyers-McKeever分型:Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型2例;男12例,女3例;年龄21～57岁,平均30.6岁。术前前抽屉试验及Lachman试验均呈阳性,Lysholm评分为(49.9±3.7)分,IKDC 2000主观膝关节评分为(53.3±5.3)分。结果:患者均获随访,随访时间9～15个月,平均12个月。术后6个月X线片复查示髁间嵴骨折均愈合,骨折复位良好。末次随访时,患肢膝关节活动范围达0～120°;Lysholm评分为(89.6±3.2)分,IKDC2000主观膝关节评分为(90.8±5.7)分,两项评分与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(t1=22.100,t2=20.700,P=0.000)。结论:关节镜下复位、双带线锚钉ACL止点足印解剖重建治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折,有利于实现ACL胫骨止点解剖原点重建,对于恢复ACL正常生理功能有重要意义。     

Avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament at the tibial insertion in a child: a case report

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture from its tibial insertion is a very rare condition in children. An isolated avulsion fracture of PCL in a child and its repair by open reduction and internal fixation with a screw is reported.     

Biomechanical comparison of three techniques for fixation of tibial avulsion fractures of the anterior cruciate ligament

Purpose

To evaluate the initial stability of a suture anchor fixation and to compare this with a screw fixation and pull-out suture fixation for anterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture.

Methods

The initial fixation strength of 3 different fixation techniques, antegrade cannulated screw fixation, pull-out suture fixation with Ethibond and bioabsorbable knotless suture anchor fixation, was evaluated. Using 14 fresh cadavers (28 knees), the strength to failure, initial displacement and mode of failure were measured.

Results

The strength to failure of the suture anchor fixation was not significantly different from that of the screw fixation and was higher than that of the pull-out suture fixation. The initial displacement of the suture anchor fixation was lower than that of the screw fixation and the pull-out suture fixation. The majority of the suture anchor fixations and the screw fixations were failed by pull-out from the bone. Eight of the 56 suture anchor fixations failed by pull-out of the suture from the ligament proper. And, one of the 7 screw fixations failed due to fracture of the avulsed bony fragment. All of the pull-out suture fixations failed by suture material rupture.

Conclusions

These biomechanical results suggest that the initial fixation strength of suture anchor fixation was not less than that of screw fixation or pull-out suture fixation. And, the initial displacement of suture anchor fixation was lower than that of screw fixation or pull-out suture fixation. The suture anchor fixation appears to be a good alternative fixation technique for repair of anterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture.     

Delayed surgical treatment for tibial avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament in children

Avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) at the tibial insertion site are extremely rare in children. Because the avulsed osteochondral fragments can be poorly seen on plain radiographs, correct diagnosis is often delayed. Delayed diagnosis of PCL avulsion fracture can lead to difficulties in treatment due to secondary changes in the osteochondral fragment and ligament substance. Three cases of tibial avulsion fractures of the PCL in children surgically treated in a single medical centre are reported in the present study. Level of evidence V.     

关节镜下“8”字缝线与带线锚钉治疗胫骨髁间棘撕脱骨折的效果比较

目的比较关节镜下胫骨髁间棘撕脱骨折"8"字缝线与带线锚钉固定两种方法的疗效。方法笔者收集2007年1月~2013年9月收治的52例胫骨髁间棘骨折患者,均为Meyers-MckeeverⅡ型、Ⅲ型的患者,28例行"8"字缝线固定(A组),包括男性21例,女性7例;平均年龄24岁;24例行带线锚钉固定(B组),包括男性19例,女性5例;平均年龄22岁。比较两组伸膝功能、屈膝功能、关节稳定性及Lysholm关节功能评分。结果术后平均随访9.2个月。A组与B组伸膝功能有统计学差异(P=0.040.05),两组屈膝功能、关节稳定性及Lysholm关节功能评分无统计学差异。结论关节镜下"8"字缝线固定治疗胫骨髁间棘撕脱骨折的疗效优于带线锚钉固定。     

锚钉治疗髌下极撕脱骨折的疗效观察

目的探讨应用锚钉髌骨环形固定术治疗髌骨下极撕脱性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年1月～2010年12月,采用美国施乐辉公司生产的5.5 mm钛质双固定钉（锚钉）,行髌骨环形固定术治疗髌骨下极撕脱骨折58例,术后早期行膝关节功能锻炼。结果随访6～32个月,平均18个月,均未发现骨折分离移位。采用Lysholm评分标准评价疗效,优48例,良8例,可2例,优良率为96.55%。结论采用锚钉行髌骨环形固定术治疗髌骨下极撕脱性骨折,能有效复位固定骨折,膝关节功能恢复优良率96.55%。此方法安全简便易掌握,是治疗髌骨下极撕脱性骨折的有效方法,值得推广。     

Delayed recurrent hemarthrosis after staple fixation of tibial avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament: a case report

This study reports a case of unusual vascular complication related to the staple fixation for the tibial avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The patient, who experienced recurrent hemarthrosis 12 months after staple fixation for the avulsion fracture of the PCL, was successfully managed by removing the staple and suturing the bleeding focus of the popliteal artery. Injury to the popliteal artery by the prominent staples could be the culprit causing the recurrent hemarthrosis. This type of delayed popliteal artery injury should be kept in mind in open reduction and internal fixation for the tibial avulsion fracture of the PCL.     

A safe postero-medial approach to posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) plays a major role in knee stabilization, and clinical studies have shown an increase in incidence of its injury. Due to the surrounding neurovascular elements in the popliteal space, open approaches to repair such injury are difficult to perform. The “safe postero-medial approach” to PCL avulsion fracture is a simple approach, does not require exploration of the neurovascular elements, and produced satisfactory results in the majority of patients.     

Pseudo-arthrosis repair of a posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture

A pseudo-arthrosis repair of a 4-year-old bony avulsion fracture of the PCL using a minimally invasive technique, screw fixation, and bone grafting is reported. The case presented seems to be rather unique due to the fragment size and the approach for pseudo-arthrosis repair. There was a good functional result following minimally invasive pseudo-arthrosis repair of a posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture. There are no previous reports of similar pseudo-arthrosis repairs, and other authors report good results of delayed refixation of PCL avulsion fractures. Therefore, refixation and pseudo-arthrosis repair should be considered as a viable treatment.     

Cruciate ligament avulsion fractures: Anatomy, biomechanics, injury patterns, and approach to management

Injury to the ACL or PCL of the knee most commonly involves a tear of the collagenous fibers of the ligament. Less frequently, a cruciate ligament injury involves an avulsion fracture at the origin or insertion of the ligament, usually from the insertion site on the tibial surface. Avulsion fractures of the cruciate ligaments are important, as they can be identified on radiographs, allowing a specific diagnosis. Although more common in children, when they occur in adults, they are more commonly associated with other injuries. The treatment of cruciate ligament avulsion fractures is different than the treatment of intrasubstance tears of the cruciate ligaments. These injuries can be treated conservatively or surgically with good outcomes. Recently arthroscopic fixation of these injuries with various fixation devices has become more frequent. Treatment largely depends on the type of fracture, particularly, the size, displacement, comminution, and orientation of the avulsed fracture fragment, in addition to the integrity of the attached cruciate ligament. This review article covers the anatomy and biomechanics of the cruciate ligaments, their injury patterns, and approach to management.     

Screw fixation of a 4 1/2-year-old PCL avulsion injury

We report about the case of a 4½-year delayed screw fixation of a tibial posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture in combination with a posterolateral stabilization. After open reduction and rigid screw fixation, combined with a posterolateral stabilization using a semitendinosus tendon autograft, the patient returned to full activity in sports and daily life. If the PCL substance is sufficient, a delayed refixation in an old PCL avulsion injury seems to be a viable alternative to PCL reconstruction.