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目的探讨血清和龈沟液中白细胞介素(IL)-6含量与绝经妇女牙周炎的关系。方法选择2010年8月至2011年1月广东省深圳市龙岗中心医院耳鼻咽喉科分院口腔科牙周炎初诊绝经女性患者20例(患牙20颗),检查并记录治疗前和治疗后4周患牙的牙龈指数(GI)、牙周探诊深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL),采集治疗前和治疗后4周患者的血清和患牙龈沟液并用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定其IL-6质量浓度。结果牙周基础治疗后患牙龈沟液中IL-6质量浓度较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(t=3.015,P<0.01);患者血清中IL-6阳性率在治疗前后的差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.056,P>0.05)。治疗后各项牙周指标(GI、PD、AL)均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论牙周基础治疗对患牙周炎的绝经妇女牙周局部IL-6含量有影响,而对其血液IL-6含量无影响。     

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目的 探讨伴有根分叉病变的下颌第一磨牙残根的修复方法。方法 选择2007年8 月至2008年8月济南市口腔医院修复科收治的32例患者（共计36颗患牙）,对其下颌第一磨牙残根行根管治疗术后应用分根术将近远中根分开,分别进行桩核冠修复,并制作连冠。随访观察1年。结果 1年后复查,33颗患牙咀嚼功能良好,修复体稳固,无松动;X线片示牙槽骨无继续吸收或有少量新生;成功率为91.7％。结论 伴有根分叉病变的下颌第一磨牙残根经完善的治疗后行分根术保存修复,可以行使良好的功能。     

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??Objective    To explore the residual root on removable partial denture with artificial teeth. Methods    A total of 89 cases of patients with removable partial denture with artificial teeth were divided into two groups?? a group with retained root added artificial teeth directly?? another group with the root pulled outed. A year later??observe stability and retention of the dentures??chewing function??comfortable feding and bonding situation of artificial tooth. Results    The retention force and stability had no statistically significant difference. The wearing comfort and bonding situation of artificial teeth was better in root-removal group than in residual root group??the incidence of root caries and gingivitis in the residual root group was 8% and 24.5%??respectively. Conclusion    Adding artificial teeth after removing residual root can get better  effect in use.     

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目的检测慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AE—COPD）患者呼吸道内具核梭杆菌（h．）的定植,探讨n．与AE—COPD间的关系。方法选择2008年10月至2009年4月中国医科大学附属第一医院、盛京医院确诊为AE—COPD的患者53例,采集呼吸道分泌物,提取细菌DNA,应用SYBR。GreenIPremixExTaq＇…模式的实时PCR技术,对n．进行定量检测,并计算其所占总菌的比例。同时记录患者FEVl占预计值比例（％）及口腔牙周指标。结果53例样本中有32例检出Fn．,Fn．检出率为60．38％,占总菌的比例为（44．58±16．47）％。Fn．相对含量与FEVl占预计值比例呈负相关关系（P〈0．05）。F凡．相对含量与简化口腔卫生指数及附着丧失水平呈正相关关系（P〈0．05）;与牙龈出血指数、探诊深度、缺失牙数无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论AE—COPD患者呼吸道内存在Fn,Fn相对含量随着肺功能的减弱而增加;Fn．与AE—COPD密切相关。     

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??Objective    To compare the clinical effect of modified silicone rubber impression technology with that of traditional alginate impression technology in complete denture. Methods    Twenty-three complete dentures by modified silicone impression technology and twenty-three complete dentures by traditional alginate impression technology were separately made. Sore spots were measured in situ respectively. Results    The number of sore spots in modified silicone impression technology dentures were less than those in traditional ones. Conclusion    Modified silicone impression technology can improve comfort of complete denture.     

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??Objective    To examine the apical sealing ability of iRoot FS through micro-CT and 3D reconstruction software Mimics??as well as the dye leakage study. Methods    A total of 34 extracted permanent teeth were retrofilled by iRoot FS??MTA??then scanned by micro-CT??3D models were reconstructed by software Mimics. The volume between the mater and the root was calculated. Then the teeth were placed in India ink for the day leakage study??Robertson's technology was used to make specimens transparent. The apical leakage was measured under the microscope. Results    Micro-CT scanning found that there was no significant difference in voids between iRoot FS group and MTA group??P??0.05??. There was no significant difference in microleakage between iRoot FS group and MTA group??P??0.05??. Conclusion    ??    iRoot FS has similar apical sealing ability to MTA and might be considered as a promising root-end filling material.     

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??Objective    To study the effect of different concentrations of ozone water on the expression of IL-6 in periodontal tissues of rat with periodontitis. Methods    A total of 70 male Wistar rats weighing??200 ± 20??g were chosen??randomly select five as normal control group??executed by cervical dislocation method????and the rest of the rats were made model of periodontitis. When the model was established??five periodontitis rats were randomly selected as no-treatment group??executed by cervical dislocation method??. The rest of periodontitis rats were randomly divided into ozone water treatment group and control treatment group for periodontal pocket rinsing. The general conditions and pathological changes of the periodontal tissues were observed. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to determine the expression of IL-6 in the periodontal tissues. Results    The level of IL-6 in periodontal tissues of rats of no-treatment group was much higher than that in the normal control group??P < 0.05??. The level of IL-6 in the treatment groups was much lower than that in the no-treatment group??P < 0.05??. In each period of rinsing??at 15mg/L of ozone water treatment group??the expression of IL-6 in periodontal tissue was lower than that in other concentration groups ??5mg/L??10mg/L????P < 0.05????but there was no significant difference compared with the control treatment group. Conclusion    The ozone water can reduce the IL-6 level in periodontal tissues in rats and the effect is more obvious in concentration of 15mg/L??which has certain treatment effect on periodontitis.     

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目的探讨PCR方法检测正畸治疗患者口腔中伴放线放线杆菌的临床价值。方法选择2007年1月至2007年6月济南市第四人民医院和济南市口腔医院正畸科患者89例,其中55例正畸治疗至少2个月的患者为实验组,34例未带矫治器的牙周健康者为对照组,记录牙龈炎症指数,分别采集牙周袋最深处或龈沟液标本,应用PCR方法检测伴放线放线杆菌。结果矫治组的伴放线放线杆菌阳性率为52.73%,与对照组(14.71%)间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);伴放线放线杆菌的阳性率与牙龈指数之间存在明显的正相关关系(r=0.967)。结论PCR方法可用于检测龈沟液中伴放线放线杆菌,结果准确可靠。     

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目的    探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）和环氧化酶-2（COX-2）在血管瘤中的表达。方法    收集2005—2007年中国医科大学盛京医院病理科皮肤血管瘤标本30例及同期的血管畸形标本26例（对照）,采用免疫组化SABC法分别检测其中VEGF和COX-2的表达。结果    VEGF在血管瘤标本中均呈阳性表达,阳性率为100%,而在血管畸形标本中阳性率为 46.15%,两组之间的差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。COX-2在血管瘤标本中阳性率为93.33%,在血管畸形标本中的阳性率为42.30%,两组之间的差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论         VEGF和COX-2在血管瘤血管内皮细胞上高表达,促进血管瘤增殖;在血管畸形的血管内皮细胞中低表达。其表达情况为临床治疗血管瘤提供了一种新思路。     

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目的探讨应用联结式树脂金属牙弓夹板防治下颌骨颏体部骨折内固定术后错位愈合和错畸形的临床疗效。方法对2001年10月至2008年12月福建省建阳市立医院收治的50例下颌骨颏体部骨折患者,随机分为两组,试验组(29例)采用内固定术+联接式树脂金属牙弓夹板固定联合治疗,对照组(21例)采用单纯内固定术治疗,术后3～6个月复查咬合关系和X线片,观察两组患者错位愈合和错畸形的发生情况。结果两组患者术后均无感染,术后3～6个月开口度均大于37mm;咬合关系复查,试验组出现2例错(6.9%),对照组出现8例(38.1%),经卡方检验,两组术后错的发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。X线复查,试验组所有患者下颌骨均未见错位愈合、骨愈合不良和假关节形成,对照组1例患者下颌骨出现错位愈合。结论内固定术+联结式树脂金属牙弓夹板固定联合的方式可以有效防治下颌骨颏体部骨折内固定术后错的发生。     

Calcitonin gene-related peptide in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease

The aims of the present study were to investigate whether calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was present in gingival crevicular fluid in both periodontal health and disease and to study the relationship with periodontal inflammation. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from a healthy, a gingivitis and a periodontitis site in 18 subjects with periodontitis and from a healthy site in 19 subjects without periodontitis. The volume of GCF was measured and each sample subsequently analysed for CGRP by radioimmunoassay. In subjects with periodontitis, CGRP immunoreactivity (CGRP-IR) was not detected in any periodontitis sites, nor in 67% of gingivitis and 28% of periodontally-healthy sites. The total amount of CGRP-IR was significantly elevated in periodontally healthy (p=0.0015) and gingivitis (p=0.027) compared with periodontitis sites. CGRP-IR was present in 89% of the healthy sites sampled in control subjects at comparable levels to those in healthy sites in periodontitis subjects. It is concluded that in periodontal inflammation, particularly in deep pockets, constituents of GCF process and degrade CGRP.     

Effect of periodontal treatment on IL-1beta, IL-1ra, and IL-10 levels in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with aggressive periodontitis

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of phase I periodontal treatment on the levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐1ra, and IL‐10 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G‐AgP). Material and Methods: Data were obtained from 15 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 15 healthy controls. GCF was collected from at least four pre‐selected sites (one shallow, at least two moderate, or at least one deep pockets) in patients with G‐AgP. In the healthy group, GCF samples were collected from one site. The cytokine levels were determined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival and plaque indices, and bleeding on probing were measured. The GCF sampling and clinical measurements were recorded at baseline and 6 weeks later after periodontal treatment. Results: IL‐1β levels were significantly higher at the moderate and deep pocket sites compared with the shallow sites (p<0.05). After periodontal therapy, IL‐1β levels were significantly reduced in the moderate and deep pocket sites (p<0.05). IL‐1ra levels at baseline of the moderate and deep pocket sites were significantly lower than the control sites (p<0.05). IL‐10 levels were similar in all pockets and did not change after periodontal therapy. Conclusions: The periodontal treatment improves the clinical parameters in G‐AgP, and this improvement is evident in deep pocket sites for pocket depth and CAL values. These results confirm that IL‐1β is effective for evaluating the periodontal inflammation and can thus be used as a laboratory tool for assessing the activity of periodontal disease.     

Estimation of interleukin-1beta levels in the gingival crevicular fluid in health and in inflammatory periodontal disease

Initial research indicated that the levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) are higher in sites of inflammation than in healthy sites. However, subsequent studies suggest heterogenous responses and indicate the quantitative levels of IL-1beta to be the characteristic of an individual rather than simply being the reflection of the inflammatory status of the tissues. This study has been designed to find out the relationship between IL-1beta levels in the gingival crevicular fluid and the inflammatory status of the periodontal tissues in the Indian population. Sixty patients were selected for the study. They were categorized in to three groups based on their periodontal tissue status as group I (clinically healthy gingiva with no loss of attachment), group II (gingivitis with no attachment loss) and group III (gingivitis with attachment loss). Microcapillary pipettes were used to collect gingival crevicular fluid samples from one site in each person and the samples were analysed for IL-1beta using a commercially available ELISA kit. The concentration of IL-1beta in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients in group III is statistically higher (P < 0.0001) than that in group II and the concentration of IL-1beta in groups II and III is statistically at much higher levels (P < 0.0001) than in the group I subjects. However, there is a significant overlap in the values obtained in groups II and III and the values in both the groups range over a wide spectrum. The composite values obtained within the groups and the overlapping values in groups II and III could indicate the role of genetic polymorphism in determining the quantity of IL-1beta produced and also the contributory role of other cytokines that share similar biologic activity.     

Leptin levels in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A high concentration of leptin is associated with healthy gingival tissue, and the concentration of leptin decreases as periodontal disease progresses. However, to date, the leptin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid has not been documented. Hence, the present study was carried out to explore the presence of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease, and to probe further into its possible role in periodontal disease progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 45 adult patients were selected, based on their body mass index, for the study. They were categorized into three groups of 15 patients each, based on their periodontal tissue status, as follows: group I (clinically healthy gingiva with no loss of attachment); group II (chronic gingivitis with no loss of attachment); and group III (chronic periodontitis). Gingival crevicular fluid samples of 1 microL were collected extracrevicularly using white color-coded 1-5 microL calibrated volumetric microcapillary pipettes from one site in each person, and samples were analyzed for leptin using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS: The concentration of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid of patients in group I (2292.69 pg/mL) was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than in those of groups II (1409.95 pg/mL) and III (1071.89 pg/mL). This suggests a negative correlation of gingival crevicular fluid leptin concentration with clinical attachment loss (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: As periodontal tissue destruction increased, there was a substantial decrease in gingival crevicular fluid leptin concentration. This observation extends our knowledge of the protective role of leptin in periodontal health.     

Effect of inflammation,smoking and stress on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine level

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that cytokines are pivotal to the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and may be used as markers in diagnosis. AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontally healthy and diseased individuals and to study their association to smoking, stress and clinical periodontal parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 80 patients were included in the study : 20 patients with early onset or aggressive periodontitis (EOP), 20 with chronic adult periodontitis (AP), 20 with gingivitis (G) and 20 patients with healthy periodontium (H). GCF was collected by means of Durapore strips, from four sites per patient, randomly selected in each quadrant. The contents of IL- 1beta, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in 320 samples by use of commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays. RESULTS: In periodontally diseased subjects the total amounts of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated as compared to healthy subjects, whereas IL-4 showed an inverse relationship to periodontal status and higher amounts were found in the healthy group. The amounts of all four cytokines were positively correlated with probing depths. IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly correlated to smoking while stress was associated with IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that crevicular IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 reflect the activity of periodontal destruction, whereas IL-4 shows an inverse correlation to it. The enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines in the presence of smoking and stress may have clinical consequences.     

Substance P and neurokinin A in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease

Abstract The aims of the present study were to investigate whether the tachykin-ins substance P and neurokinin A were present in gingival crevicular fluid in both periodontal health and disease and to study the relationship with periodontal inflammation. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from a healthy, a gingivitis and a periodontitis site in 20 subjects with periodontitis and from a healthy site in 20 subjects without periodontitis. The volume of GCF was measured and each sample subsequently analysed for substance P and neurokinin A by radioimmunoassay. There were significantly increased levels of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP–LI) and neurokinin A-like immunoreactivity (NKA-LI) in gingivitis and periodontitis sites compared with healthy sites. Both tachykinins were significantly elevated in periodontitis affected subjects, with significantly more tachykinin-like immunoreactivity at healthy sites in periodontitis affected compared with periodontally-bealthy subjects. Despite the considerable individual variation in the levels of SP-LI and NKA-Ll, both tachykinins were present at levels at which they could have biological activity. It is concluded that substance P and neurokinin A may have a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and that further investigations could prove useful in clarifying the mechanisms through which neuropeptides could modulate periodontal health and disease.     

牙周炎患者龈沟液中IL—1活性检测

目的：通过对牙周炎龈沟液（ｇｉｎｇｉｖａｌｃｒｅｖｉｃｕｌａｒｆｌｕｉｄ，ＧＣＦ）中ＩＬ－１活性进行检测，初步探讨ＩＬ－１在牙周炎症中的作用。方法：以成人牙周炎为研究对象，通过细胞检测法对患牙ＧＣＦ中ＩＬ－１活性进行检测。结果：在患牙ＧＣＦ中可测到具有较高活性的ＩＬ－１，而在健康ＧＣＦ中未能测到。结论：牙周炎时局部有活性ＩＬ－１渗出，ＩＬ－１是参与牙周炎症反应的重要细胞因子。