A combined treatment of interferon-alpha, 8 MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia and/or irradiation in a patient with advanced renal cancer

A combined treatment of alpha interferon (INF), 8 MHz radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia using Thermotron-RF Model 8 and/or irradiation was performed on a patient with advanced renal cancer. The patient was a 52-year-old male, who had received arterial embolization with a gelatin sponge and 60 mg of adriamycin for the right renal tumor in January, 1985. He was referred to our clinic in April, 1985. Computed tomography showed a right renal tumor, 120 x 105 x 80 mm. Histological examination revealed clear cell carcinoma of the right kidney. The tumor was unresectable because of the huge tumor size, invasion into the right lobe of the liver, multiple pulmonary metastases and severe dysproteinemia. From the beginning of May, 1985, administration of 3 x 10(6) units interferon-alpha (INF) daily and radiofrequency (RF)hyperthermia for one hour twice a week were started. By June 11, 1985, 10 sessions of RF-hyperthermia were performed. Thereafter, hyperthermia for the renal tumor was maintained once a week until June, 1986. From the middle of June, 1985, a gradual improvement of dysproteinemia and appetite loss, and a decrease of the right renal tumor size as well as disappearance of febrile attacks were attained. In November, 1985, mediastinal lymph node swelling developed. A combined therapy of RF-hyperthermia twice a week and irradiation with 2.0 Gy daily 5 times a week was started. A total of 14 sessions of RF-hyperthermia and 30 Gy of irradiation were delivered until January, 1986. Intratumoral temperature of the renal tumor reached 44.0 degrees C during the heating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia combined with irradiation of chemotherapy for patients with invasive bladder cancers

To assess the immediate therapeutic clinical efficacy and long-term outcome, hyperthermia in combination with irradiation or chemotherapeutic agent was used in 46 patients with invasive bladder cancer. Radiohyperthermia (RH) was employed in 19 cases and chemohyperthermia (CH) in 27 cases. Complete response (CR) was obtained in 5 and partial response (PR) in 15 of the 46 cases. One-year survival rates by the Kaplan-Meier method were 65.0% in the CR/PR group and 46.2% in the no change (NC)/progressive disease (PD) group. Five-year survival rates were 43.8% and 18.3%, showing no difference in survival rate between the CR/PR group and the CN/PD group. The overal median survival period for the CR/PR group without metastasis was 61.6 months compared to 32.3 months for the NC/PD group without metastasis (P<0.05).     

Combined treatment of 8 MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia and irradiation in a patient with mediastinal metastases of renal cancer

A combined therapy of irradiation and 8 MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia using the Thermotron-RF Model 8 was performed on a patient with mediastinal metastasis of renal cancer. The patient was a 74-year-old male, who received left transperitoneal nephrectomy for left renal tumor in December, 1982. Histology report indicated clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. He noticed puffy face and dyspnea in April, 1984. A CT scan showed a mediastinal tumor 57 X 43 X 120 mm in size and right pleural effusion. Aspiration biopsies revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma of the mediastinal lymph nodes. The combined therapy of irradiation and 8 MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia was started in July, 1984. He was irradiated with daily 2.0 Gy, 5 times a week and was heated twice a week within one hour after each irradiation, totally 50 Gy of irradiation and 14 sessions of hyperthermia. After the treatment, 69% tumor regression and disappearance of pleural effusion were obtained. The combined therapy with 28.8 Gy of irradiation and 7 sessions of hyperthermia was added for the regrowth of the tumor in February, 1985. A 30% of tumor regression was achieved, however, there was no improvement of the dyspnea or pleural effusion. He died on April 8, 1985.     

The treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma with intravesical HPC-adriamycin and verapamil

A new form of hydroxypropylcellulose-adriamycin (HPC-ADM), which was supplemented with verapamil, a known calcium antagonist, in order to potentiate the antineoplastic effect of HPC-ADM, was synthesized and used for the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma for clinical evaluation. The results are reported in this paper. A total of 23 patients who were treated for bladder carcinoma during a 2-year period (1987-1988) were subjected in this study. All patients were diagnosed cases of superficial bladder carcinoma as follows; Ta, 3 cases, T1, 18 cases and Tis, 2 cases. For the injection protocol, firstly HPC-ADM solution supplemented with verapamil was introduced into the urinary bladder via the urethra. After 2-3 weeks, the efficacy of the drug against the tumor was evaluated by cystoscope. Patients in whom the drug were found to be effective received increased administration of drug. In cases in whom the drug was found to be ineffective, different drugs for further treatment were adopted. The average frequency and amount of drug was 2.3 times and 45.2 mg, respectively. Complete responses achieved in 9 of 23 cases (39.1%). Of the 23 cases, 4 cases was with PR and 10 with NC. No cases were found to be with PD. Side effects were observed in 4 of the 23 cases (17.4%), however, severe side effects were not recognized. The important aspect in applying the method of intravesical therapy is that it makes enhanced antineoplastic potency possible with concomitant reduction of side effects and prevents the invasion of tumor.     

膀胱部分切除术联合放化疗治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的研究

目的总结我院采用膀胱部分切除术联合放化疗治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的经验。方法回顾性分析27例接受膀胱部分切除联合放化疗的肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者的临床资料。男20例、女7例,中位年龄51岁。96%（26/27）的患者肿瘤位于膀胱侧壁、前壁或顶部,81%（22/27）的患者肿瘤单发,肿瘤平均直径2.3cm,手术切缘1.3～2.0cm。病理分期为T2期14例、T3期11例、T4期2例,病理分级为G12例、G210例、G315例。尿路上皮癌25例、鳞癌1例、腺癌1例。膀胱部分切除术中用羟基喜树碱浸泡膀胱及切口,6例行新辅助治疗,其中同步放化疗2例、髂动脉导管化疗4例,辅助化疗19例、辅助放疗2例,27例患者均接受膀胱灌注化疗。结果 27例患者外科切缘均为阴性,无切口种植。6例新辅助治疗的患者总反应率为66.7%。本组25例患者获得随访,中位随访期为80个月,7例局部复发,其中4例行挽救性全膀胱切除术,11例死亡,7例无瘤生存,患者5年生存率为56%。结论选择合适的肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,采取膀胱部分切除联合放化疗可取得较为满意的疗效。     

Preliminary results in invasive bladder cancer with transurethral resection, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and combined pelvic irradiation plus cisplatin chemotherapy

Preliminary data are presented of a clinically feasible pilot study to select a significant subgroup of patients among those with muscle-invading bladder tumors for local cure and bladder preservation, while also to offer all patients the possibility of preventing the development of distant metastases. Transurethral debulking surgical resection was combined with neoadjuvant methotrexate, cisplatin and vinblastine chemotherapy plus 2 additional courses of cisplatin and 4,000 cGy. If tumor was found on cystoscopic re-evaluation by biopsy and for cytology after cisplatin and partial irradiation (4,000 cGy.) immediate cystectomy was advised. If tumor was not found consolidation by a radiotherapy boost to a total of 6,480 cGy. plus 1 additional course of cisplatin was given. Of 53 consecutive patients the planned treatment was completed in 42 (79%). With a median followup of 26 months (range 15 to 42 months), 72% of all entered patients were alive, 70% have not required cystectomy and 74% have not had distant metastases. Among the 42 patients who completed the planned protocol chemotherapy dose reductions were required in 39% for stomatitis, bone marrow depression and/or renal dysfunction. There were 2 serious complications but no treatment-related sepsis, deaths or significant renal dysfunction. Eight patients underwent immediate radical cystectomy because of positive biopsy and/or cytology results after 4,000 cGy., while 34 completed full chemotherapy and radiotherapy without any significant bladder or bowel injury. Of 42 patients 22 (52%) have maintained the bladder without any recurrence, and of those selected for full chemotherapy and radiotherapy this number increased to 65%. To date 12 patients have persistent or recurrent bladder tumors: 5 (15%) had invasive tumors treated by cystectomy and 7 (21%) had carcinoma in situ treated by intravesical therapy. The true success of this or other selective bladder-preserving treatments will require 3 to 5 years of followup to be confident that such treatment has sterilized the bladder of cancer. This feasibility study has been clinically practical, modestly well tolerated and encouraging for the significant proportion of patients with a sustained complete response and for the 70% over-all survival rate at 2 years. To evaluate critically the efficacy of methotrexate, cisplatin and vinblastine chemotherapy in the prevention of occult distant micrometastases and in increasing the rate of successful bladder preservation, in May 1988 we began a randomized phase 3 trial with and without neoadjuvant methotrexate, cisplatin and vinblastine chemotherapy.     

Intraarterial chemotherapy with bladder preservation in patients with invasive bladder carcinoma

Intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) was carried out on patients with invasive bladder carcinoma to treat the bladder carcinoma while preserving the bladder. Fifteen patients with bladder carcinoma at stage T2-T4 were treated with intraarterial cisplatin (CDDP: 70 mg/m2) and adriamycin (ADM: 30 mg/m2) every 3 to 4 weeks. The response was observed in all 15 patients. Ten (66.7%) achieved a complete response (CR), and 3 (20.0%) obtained a partial response (PR). With a mean follow-up of 22.6 months, the overall survival rate was 86.7% and 12 patients were alive with functioning bladder. One patient received radical cystectomy. Although further studies and long-term follow up are required to clarify its effectiveness, IAC for patients with invasive bladder carcinoma might be an effective therapy with a preserved bladder.     

Combination of chemotherapy and irradiation for non-resectable bladder carcinoma

Summary A prospective study was performed on 30 patients with locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of an integrated treatment with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (1.6 mg/kg body weight or 70 mg/m² body surface every 3 weeks for 4 cycles) and 60 Gy 60 cobalt or 8 mev photons. Local and systemic toxicity caused by this treatment schedule was minor. Late sequelae consisted of reduced bladder capacity in 5 patients. The rate of tumor-free bladders after a mean follow-up of 23 months was 18 out of 30. Distant metastases occurred in 5 patients. Local recurence of superficial tumor elsewhere in the bladder was observed in 2 patients. 12 patients died 4–27 months after initiation of the integrated therapy, 4 of these without evidence of disease.     

Local hyperthermia and systemic chemotherapy for treatment of recurrent melanoma

Thirty-two patients with recurrent (skin) or metastatic (skin, mode, or both) melanoma have been treated with a hyperthermiacisplatin regimen. The hyperthermic treatment was carried out for 60 minutes at 43°C with the MHS-SMA and the Sapic SVO3 ALENIA devices once a week. When the tumor temperature reached 42°C, cisplatin was administered at a dosage of 50 mg/m² given by intravenous bolus infusion. The treatment was repeated four times and the tumor response evaluated 4 weeks after the last treatment. Significant systemic or local toxicity was not seen. In terms of results, there were 9 patients with complete responses (28.1%), 13 with partial responses (40.6%), 8 with no change (25.0%), and two with disease progression (6.3%). The objective response rate was 68.7%. The response duration for those with complete responses ranged from 4 to 49 mònths (median 20 months). The median time to progression for patients with partial responses and those with no change was 6 and 5 months, respectively, with ranges of 1–7 and 1–10 months, respectively. The 4-year actuarial survival rates were 47.6% and 20.3% for the complete and incomplete responders, respectively. These results can be considered satisfactory, taking into account that most patients were pretreated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both, confirming the therapeutic potential of the hyperthermia and cisplatin regimen.     

Long-term follow up of patients with invasive bladder carcinoma receiving combined cisplatin-based intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy

OBJECTIVES: Combined cisplatin-based intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with locally invasive bladder carcinoma. We report long-term follow-up data regarding definitive treatment of locally invasive bladder carcinoma, regardless of whether bladder preservation was possible. METHODS: The follow-up data from 24 patients (18 males and six females; aged, 31-85 years; median, 73 years) with invasive bladder carcinoma, between 1993 and 2003, was examined. The clinical stages of the patients ranged T2-T4, all N0M0, and involved 13 patients at T2 (T2a, T2b), seven patients at T3 and four patients at T4. Combined cisplatin-based intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy was performed. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate and cancer-specific survival rate for all patients were 81.6% and 85.6%, respectively. When the patients were divided into complete response (CR) of 10 patients and non-CR groups of 14 patients, the 5-year overall survival rate for the CR group was 87.5%, while that of the non-CR group was 78.6% (P = 0.58). The tumor grade of the CR group was significantly lower than that of the non-CR group (P = 0.01). When the non-CR group was divided into radical cystectomy and non-radical cystectomy groups, the 5-year overall survival rate for the radical cystectomy group (100%) was higher than that of the non-radical cystectomy group (70%). CONCLUSION: This combined chemo-radiotherapy was effective for local invasive bladder carcinoma, leading to the possibility of bladder preservation using this therapy.     

An organ-sparing treatment using combined intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy for muscle-invading bladder carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: We describe the results of an organ-sparing approach for the treatment of non-metastatic, invasive bladder carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients (mean age 71 years; age range 47-87 years) with bladder carcinoma of clinical stage T2-T3N0M0 and histologically proven muscle invasion were examined between 1992 and 1998. The median duration of follow-up was 30 months. The treatment protocol for intra-arterial chemotherapy consisted of methotrexate 30 mg/m(2) and cisplatin 50 mg/m(2) in 7 patients and cisplatin 50 mg/m(2) in 16 patients, administered in three cycles via catheters inserted in the internal iliac arteries. Concomitantly, 41.4 Gy of radiotherapy was given to the lesser pelvis. Transurethral biopsy and urine cytology were performed after the completion of treatment; patients were followed observationally if residual tumor was absent, and underwent radical cystectomy if it was present. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, 18 patients (78%) showed a complete response (CR) and the bladder was spared in all cases. Radical cystectomy was performed for 4 non-CR cases, with the result that 2 cases had residual superficial cancer and the other 2 had muscle-invading cancer histologically. Among the patients with a CR, 2 experienced intravesical recurrence. Overall, 2 patients died of cancer, 5 died of other causes and 2 died during treatment. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 70.3% and the overall survival rate 46.4%. CONCLUSIONS: A bladder-sparing approach for the treatment of muscle-invading bladder carcinoma which utilizes combined intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy may arrest the decline in quality of life induced by urinary diversion and yield equivalent therapeutic benefit to that of radical cystectomy.     

前列腺癌根治切除术中采用神经电调节改善早期排尿功能障碍的临床研究

目的 探讨前列腺癌根治切除术中采用神经电调节改善早期排尿功能障碍的临床效果.方法 2013年8月至2015年4月选择在本院泌尿外科进行诊治的前列腺癌患者120例,根据随机抽签原则分为观察组与对照组各60例,所有患者都给予腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治切除术,对照组在围手术期给予会阴部肌肉常规锻炼,观察组在对照组干预的基础上采用神经电调节治疗.结果 观察组的首次反射排尿时间和平衡膀胱建立时间分别为(7.81±2.14)d和(22.19 ±5.29)d,都明显少于对照组的(9.13±1.49)d和(25.30±6.14)d(P＜0.05).针对术后有效率进行研究发现,对照组和观察组的数据分别为88.3％和98.3％,观察组比对照组明显要高(P＜0.05).观察组术后6个月盆腔血肿、切口感染、吻合口漏、尿失禁、尿潴留等并发症发生情况明显少于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 前列腺癌根治切除术中采用神经电调节治疗可有效缓解患者排尿障碍的症状和体征,减少术后并发症的发生,有很好的临床应用价值.     

A new treatment for invasive squamous cell bladder cancer: the Nigro regimen: preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy

We report 5 cases of invasive squamous cell bladder cancer treated with preoperative mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil in combination with preoperative external beam radiation therapy (the Nigro regimen), and the subsequent apparent cure of 3 of the 5 patients.     

Radical radiation treatment of invasive and locally advanced bladder carcinoma in elderly patients

A total of 146 patients with invasive or locally advanced carcinoma of the bladder (T2-T4) underwent radiation treatment. A significantly higher complete response rate was observed with doses equal to or above 55 Gy and with doses corresponding to cumulative radiation effect (CRE) values of 1700 radiation effect units (reu) or more. In multivariate analysis, decreasing time from the first diagnosis of bladder carcinoma to radiation treatment and 1 or more transurethral resections was associated with a significant increase in survival; increases in T category and sedimentation rate were negative prognostic factors. Although both radiation dose and CRE levels had a significant effect on survival in univariate analysis, an increase in CRE levels alone was associated with a significant increase in survival in multivariate analysis. However, the most important predictor of survival was whether the patient showed a complete local response or not. This study emphasises the importance of treating patients with an adequate radiation dose over a short period of time in order to achieve the maximum radiobiological effect and thereby increase the possibility of cure.     

Bladder preservation for locally advanced bladder cancer by transurethral resection, systemic chemotherapy and radiation

Twenty-three out of 31 patients with clinical T2-4a N0 M0 bladder cancer and given a trial of trimodality therapy including transurethral resection (TUR), systemic chemotherapy and radiation between 1991 and 2002 completed this therapy. The other 8 dropped out because of insufficient clinical effect. Local bladder recurrence was seen in 3 patients and the bladder preservation rate was 64.5%. Nineteen of the 23 patients showed a complete histological response on a subsequent TUR specimen, the other 4 were not examined for histological response. Thirteen of the 19 patients showed a complete histological response after maximal TUR and systemic chemotherapy, while 6 did after TUR, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Bladder cancer was T2 in, 15, T3 in 1, and T4a in 3 patients. The CR rate for T2 cancer was significantly higher than that for T3-4a cancer. The 5-year disease-specific survival of the 23 patients treated with preservation therapy was 67.1%. Some of the patients with locally advanced bladder cancer may benefit from this preservation therapy.     

Preoperative combined treatment with radiation,intraluminal hyperthermia,and 5-fluorouracil suppositories for patients with rectal cancer

A clinical trial of a novel modality consisting of preoperative irradiation and intraluminal hyperthermia therapy, with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) suppositories, was conducted on 30 patients with rectal cancer. To create hyperthermia in rectal cancer, an intraluminal electrode connected to a radiofrequency system was devised. Patients were treated preoperatively with a total irradiation dose of 30 Gy, being 3 Gy every 2 days, and 5 applications of hyperthermia given twice a week, with or without 5-FU suppositories, given as 100 mg a day to a total of 2,000 mg. Twenty patients received irradiation, intraluminal hyperthermia, and 5-FU suppositories, being the three-combination treatment, and the remaining 10 received irradiation and intraluminal hyperthermia, being the two-combination treatment. Shrinkage of the rectal cancer was observed macroscopically in 26 patients, resulting in a flattened cancerous crater or shallow ulcer. Microscopic examination revealed a marked decrease in the number of cancer cells. In fact, three resected specimens showed no evidence of cancer cells microscopically. These striking reductions in cancer size enabled us to successfully perform super-low anterior resections in four patients, with anastomoses being made just above the dentate line with a sufficiently safe margin. No serious complications were encountered in this series.     

浸润性膀胱癌保留膀胱术后辅助性动脉化疗的近期疗效

目的 评价浸润性膀胱癌保留膀胱手术联合动脉化疗的临床疗效.方法 2003年4月至2006年1月,采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切或膀胱部分切除术联合GC(吉西他滨+顺铂)方案动脉化疗治疗浸润性膀胱癌患者30例.患者中男28例,女2例.平均年龄60岁.按AJCC(2002年)肿瘤分级分期标准,膀胱移行细胞癌Ⅱ级5例、Ⅲ级20例、Ⅲ级合并腺癌3例、Ⅲ级合并鳞癌1例,腺癌1例;T2N0M024例、T2N1M01例、T3N0M04例、T3N2M01例.总结30例患者的肿瘤控制情况、生存率和保留膀胱生存率.结果 30例平均随访23(5～38)个月,1例无瘤生存11个月后失访,余29例中无复发及转移17例,出现转移并死亡4例,复发8例;其中浅表性复发5例,浸润性复发3例;29例中保留膀胱手术21例,全膀胱切除术4例.2年无瘤生存率88%,2年保留膀胱生存率72%.患者对动脉化疗耐受良好,无严重全身和局部不良反应. 结论保留膀胱手术联合GC方案动脉化疗治疗浸润性膀胱癌近期疗效良好,不良反应轻,患者耐受良好,远期疗效需进一步观察.