胆源性胰腺炎的诊断和外科治疗

目的：探讨胆源性胰腺炎的诊断和外科治疗方法。方法：对１９８６￣１９９６年急诊收治１４６例胆源性胰腺炎进行总结。结果：本组主要诊断方法为胆道感染的临床征象，如左上腹压痛范围广泛，血、尿淀粉酶明显升高，Ｂ超、ＣＴ显示有胆道结石和胰腺病变。结果非手术治疗５７例，手术治疗８９例，死亡１１例，病死率７．５％。结论：根据胆道、胰腺病变的具体情况，采用“个体化原则”选择手术时间，用非手术治疗或去尽胆道结石，畅     

32例胆源性胰腺炎临床治疗体会

目的:探讨胆源性胰腺炎的外科治疗方法。方法:对32例胆源性胰腺炎在外科手术时机选择、手术方式探讨及抗生素、综合治疗方法进行回顾分析。结果:胆源性胰腺炎以胆道外科治疗为主,胰腺手术尽量微小化。结论:胆源性胰腺炎应根据不同情况,采取相应治疗措施,手术治疗为主,综合治疗也很重要。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎的诊断及外科治疗

目的 探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎的诊断和外科处理方式。方法 对1999年9月～2004年9月收治的急性胆源性胰腺炎病人135例进行了回顾性分析。结果 引起急性胆源性胰腺炎的胆系疾病有：胆囊和胆总管下端多发结石、胆胰合流异常、Oddi括约肌炎性狭窄等；超声、CT等影像学对胆源性胰腺炎的诊断有决定性帮助；外科干预以简单有效的早期胆道或胰腺引流为主。结论 胆道梗阻引起胰液排出障碍是急性胆源性胰腺炎的重要原因；影像学检查是诊断和确定该病治疗原则的主要根据；胆源性胰腺炎的有效方法是胆囊切除和，或胆总管切开引流术、胰腺减压引流术。     

重型胆源性胰腺炎外科治疗探讨(附12例临床分析)

目的： 探讨重型胆源性胰腺炎外科治疗。方法： 对１２ 例重型胆源性胰腺炎的原因、诊治进行回顾性分析。结果： 术后并发症９ 例, 以ＡＲＤＳ、胰周脓肿、肠瘘多见, 死亡３ 例。结论： 对重型胆源性胰腺炎治疗主张首先非手术治疗, 待病情稳定再作确定手术。如非手术治疗无效并出现胆道梗阻症状加重、胰腺坏死组织继发感染, 仍主张及时手术。对有条件且疑有胆道梗阻者早期作ＥＲＣＰ＋ ＥＳ, 后期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎诊治分析

目的:探讨胆源性胰腺炎的定义、发病机制、诊断和治疗.方法:回顾分析129例急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床资料.结果:74例非梗阻性急性胆源性胰腺炎患者均先行非手术治疗,2 w后行延期胆道手术,除1例死于暴发性胰腺炎外,其余均治愈;55例梗阻性急性胆源性胰腺炎患者亦先行非手术治疗,其中51例在3~4 w后行延期手术,1例并发暴发性胰腺炎和2例并发急性腹膜炎行急诊手术,54例治愈.结论:由活动性胆道疾病引起的胰腺炎急性发作称为急性胆源性胰腺炎,早期以非手术治疗为主.     

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目的：探讨应用腹腔镜技术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的可行性、有效性和手术方法。方法：1996～2002年收治急性胆源性胰腺炎39例，对20例有急性胆道梗阻者，行急诊或早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术．胆总管切开取石T管引流、小网膜囊腔胰腺区清创引流，术后予腹腔灌洗。对19例无胆道梗阻或经36h保守治疗胆道梗阻缓解者，待胰腺炎缓解后行延期腹腔镜确定性胆道手术。结果：急诊或早期手术的20例，18例胆总管结石取石顺利，2例探查阴性。延期手术19例，腹腔镜手术均予术中胆道造影。5例合并胆总管结石者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石T管引流。14例胆囊结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)。39例均治愈。结论：腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎，体现了微创手术的优点，可在一定程度上替代外科剖腹手术治疗。     

非结石性胆源性急性胰腺炎的病因及手术时机的探讨

目的：探讨非结石性胆源性急性胰腺炎的病因及手术时机。方法：总结38例非结石性胆源性急性胰腺炎的发病原因及治疗经验。结果：本组共行手术13例，早期手术6例，术后无并发症及死亡；中期重型急性胰腺炎手术5例，1例合并胰瘘，1例合并高位小肠瘘死亡；晚期手术2例，1列死亡。本组手术死亡率15％（2/13）。非手术治疗重型胰腺炎4例，早期死亡1例。轻型胰腺炎21例均经非手术治疗痊愈。结论：非结石性胆源性急性胰腺炎合并存在胆道感染时应早期手术，否则应先试行积极的支持治疗。     

急性胆源性胰腺炎诊治进展

目的总结当前急性胆源性胰腺炎的诊治新进展情况。方法检索近年来国内外有关急性胆源性胰腺炎的相关文献并进行综述。结果急性胆源性胰腺炎是外科常见的急腹症,胆管结石是其主要发病原因。本病起病急、进展快、病死率高。目前依靠影像学及实验室检查不难做出诊断。在明确诊断的基础上积极的非手术治疗及外科干预是关键,但应选择合适的手术时机。结论对于急性胆源性胰腺炎在非手术治疗的基础上积极地外科干预是治疗的重点,选择合理的手术方式并进行适时的外科干预可以有效阻止病情进展,降低病死率,实现收益最大化。     

外科治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎

目的探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎（ABP）手术时机和术式的选择.方法回顾性分析247例急性胆源性胰腺炎的临床资料.结果非手术治疗10例,死亡4例;12例急诊手术后发生并发症5例,死亡2例;169例延期手术术后发生并发症1例,治愈;56例择期手术无并发症发生.结论以胆道梗阻为主的ABP应急诊手术解除胆道梗阻;胆道无梗阻先采用非手术治疗,胰腺炎控制后,再处理胆道病变.     

急性胰腺炎29例治疗体会

目的 :探讨急性胰腺炎的治疗方法。方法 :急性胰腺炎完整临床资料 2 9例。结果 :非手术治疗 1 5例 ,治疗上以稳定血流动力学及减轻胰腺外器官损伤为主。手术治疗 1 4例 ,手术方式以胰包膜切开 ,坏死组织清除 ,胰周、小网膜囊处、腹腔置多管引流 ,其中合并胆道疾病者行胆囊切除、胆总管探查 ,形成有假胰腺囊肿者半年后行二次手术。结论 :早期非手术治疗适应证 ,对于急性胰腺炎若单纯水肿型或重症急性胰腺炎早期诊断明确 ,无胰腺或胰周感染 ,无明显胆道梗阻的应采取积极的非手术治疗。手术治疗指征 :胆源性胰腺炎 ,尤其是伴有梗阻性黄疸者 ;出现持续高热 ,白细胞升高 ,腹部体征加重 ;影像学发现胰腺坏死区域扩展 ,胰周和腹膜后间隙渗液增多 ;淀粉酶达 4 0 0 0u/L以上 ,血钙降至 1 .75mmol/L以下 ,血糖超过正常值。     

Minimally Invasive Treatment of Acute Intrahepatic Fluid Collections With Acute Biliary Pancreatitis

Background:

Peripancreatic fluid collection suggests the anatomical-clinical scenario of necrotizing acute pancreatitis. However, intrahepatic fluid collection is a rare occurrence with fewer than 30 cases being reported in the medical literature. We describe 2 cases of intrahepatic fluid collection in 2 patients with acute biliary pancreatitis and discuss the therapeutic possibilities.

Case Reports:

The first case report is that of a 68-year-old female with a diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis with several necrotizing fluid collections and a large infected intrahepatic collection in the left lobe. The patient was successfully treated by percutaneous US/CT guided drainage. The second case report is that of a 72-year-old female with a diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis with several peripancreatic fluid collections and a voluminous intrahepatic fluid collection in the left lobe that caused epigastric pain. This patient was also successfully treated with percutaneous US/CT guided drainage.

Conclusion:

Intrahepatic fluid collection in the course of acute biliary pancreatitis is a rare occurrence. The therapeutic approach is the same as that for pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections. In case of infection, the patient undergoes percutaneous US/CT guided drainage. This therapeutic procedure can be added to the therapeutic program for necrotizing acute biliary pancreatitis together with ERCP/ES and videolaparocholecystectomy (VLC).     

Common bile duct lithiasis. Reflections apropos of 1000 cases

One thousand case reports of patients treated in eleven French surgical departments for stones in the common bile duct between 1975 and 1982 were analyzed. One in three cases were asymptomatic and detected by peroperative radiology during treatment of a simple or complicated gallstone, most forms were painful, with jaundice in 9 p. cent, an angiocholitis in 12 p. cent, and biliary pancreatitis in 2 p. cent. The most reliable exploratory procedure for gallstones is ultrasound imaging, as positive results were obtained in 90 p. cent of cases, but it enabled the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis in only one out of five patients. Intravenous cholangiography is a useful diagnostic tod for painful forms (60 p. cent). The failure of these two methods to establish the diagnosis in forms complicated by jaundice, pancreatitis, or angiocholitis has to be compared with the good results (85 p. cent) observed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Treatment was surgical in 99 p. cent of patients, peroperative radiology being performed in 95 p. cent of these cases and endoscopy in 30 p. cent. In one out of two cases a single large stone was present while multiple stones were present in 8 p. cent. A "ideal" choledochotomy was carried out in 77 patients (7,7 p. cent) without mortality. External biliary drainage in 702 cases resulted in a 1.7 p. cent mortality rate, this increasing to 8 p. cent after 192 biliodigestive shunt operations, and 7 p. cent after 146 sphincterotomies, including 18 under endoscopic control. Unrecognized lithiasis, detected during follow-up radiography two weeks after external biliary drainage, accounted for 2-8 p. cent of cases. Of the 30 patients with residual stones and open biliary pathways, 6 were treated by mechanical removal, 6 by endoscopic sphincterotomy, and the others by repeat surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

104例胆源性急性胰腺炎手术治疗时机探讨

目的 探讨胆源性急性胰腺炎的诊断和手术时机。方法 2004年6月至2006年12月间收治胆源性急性胰腺炎104例,根据有无胆道梗阻及轻重程度分为4类：轻症非梗阻型、轻症梗阻型、重症非梗阻型、重症梗阻型,对其临床治疗结果 进行回顾性分析和总结。结果轻症非梗阻型35例．轻症梗阻型22例、重症非梗阻型20例、重症梗阻型27例。轻症非梗阻型或轻症梗阻型胰腺炎早期手术与延期手术在并发症的发生率、平均住院日、死亡率上差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;对重症非梗阻型和重症梗阻型胰腺炎而言,早期手术并发症的发生率高、平均住院日长,与延期手术比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但重症梗阻型胰腺炎早期手术死亡率明显低于延期手术（P〈0．05）。结论 手术时机对胆源性急性胰腺炎患者的预后有重大影响,早期宜行保守治疗,根据患者个体情况选择适当时机进行手术治疗是减少并发症、提高治愈率的关键。     

胆源性胰腺炎的胆道探查及其定义

目的：探讨胆源性胰腺炎胆道探查的必要性.方法:总结我院近十年37例胆源性胰腺炎的胆道探查情况,其中28例直接切开胆总管探查,9例用胆囊切除后经胆囊管残端插管造影及扪诊的方法探查.结果:术中探查及术后T管造影示无结石为33例,占89.2%(33/37);有结石为4例,占10.8%(4/37).其中3例术前发现有胆总管(CBD)结石,其余34例诊断为"胆源性胰腺炎",而术前影像学诊断无胆总管结石,做胆总管探查,仅有一例有结石.结论:应当正确定义"胆源性胰腺炎",胰腺炎发生时应严格限制作胆道探查.     

Lethal pancreatitis: a diagnostic dilemma.

Clinical and pathological information from forty patients who died with pathologically severe acute pancreatitis was correlated. Patients were classified into four etiologic groups: those with biliary pancreatitis (11 patients), alcoholic pancreatitis (13 patients), idiopathic pancreatitis (10 patients), and renal failure (6 patients). Antemortem diagnosis was made in only 57 per cent of the patients studied. The diagnosis was determined before death in 91 per cent of the biliary patients but in none of the renal patients. Thirty-seven patients died from their first clinical attack of pancreatitis. Operation in patients with biliary pancreatitis failed when biliary decompression was not provided. Peripancreatic sepsis was a frequent lethal mechanism in patients with biliary pancreatitis, but renal and respiratory failure were more common in patients with alcoholic pancreatitis.     

Idiopathic fibrosing pancreatitis in children--a single-center experience

Purpose

The experience of a single institution on idiopathic fibrosing pancreatitis (IFP) is presented.

Methodology

This is a retrospective review of medical records of affected patients.

Results

There were 7 cases with a mean age of 7 years. Upper abdominal pain followed by jaundice was the most common presentation. One child had varicella and 1 developed Crohn's disease 3 years later. In 5 cases, diagnosis was established intraoperatively, whereas 2 cases were diagnosed preoperatively. Ultrasonography suggested the diagnosis in 2 of the 7 cases, contrast computed tomography scan in 1 of the 3 cases, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in 1 of the 4 cases. Six patients were treated by biliary enteric bypass surgery. Treatment by endoscopic biliary stenting was successful in one. There were no postoperative complications. Pancreatic biopsies showed fibrosis of exocrine elements with preservation of islets. Three patients have pancreatic atrophy, and none has diabetes at follow-up (mean, 62 months).

Discussion

Idiopathic fibrosing pancreatitis presents as biliary obstruction in children. Precise preoperative diagnosis of IFP is difficult. Noninvasive imaging has limited sensitivity. Surgery offers satisfactory long-term relief of biliary obstruction. Treatment using temporary endoscopic biliary drainage appears promising in treatment of IFP. Patients should be followed up for pancreatic insufficiency, long-term biliary obstruction, and inflammatory bowel disease.     

Acute biliary pancreatitis. Role of laparoscopy after 30 years of traditional surgery experience

The authors herein show their own experience in the treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis. Aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of the "early" laparoscopic approach to the mild to moderate acute biliary pancreatitis. The authors studied sixty cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative colangiography for acute biliary pancreatitis (M/F 1:1.2; mean age 59.6 yrs, range 29.79). The patients were divided in two groups on the basis of the severity of the pancreatitis, defined through Ranson's score and Balthazar classification. The mortality rate was nil. Intraoperative morbidity rate was 6.6% in the group I (3/45), and 13.3% in the group II (2/15). Postoperative morbidity rate was 6.7% (3/45) in the group I and 40% in the group II (6/15). The authors show an original diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for the treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy with I.O.C. is proposed as the gold standard treatment for mild to moderate acute biliary pancreatitis. This approach appears to be effective and safe in their experience. In case of severe acute biliary pancreatitis, further investigations are mandatory to evaluate the role of laparoscopic approach.     

妊娠期急性胰腺炎：单中心20年52例分析

目的：总结妊娠期急性胰腺炎（APP）的发病特点和预后及20年的变迁,探讨其临床诊治要点。 方法：回顾性分析近20年（1994—2013年）中南大学湘雅医院收治的52例APP患者的临床资料。 结果：52例APP中,孕早期3例（5.8%）,孕中期12例（23.0%）,孕晚期37例（71.2%）;轻型胰腺炎26例（50.0%）,中度重症胰腺炎13例（25.0%）,重症胰腺炎13例（25.0%）。病因方面：高脂血症性胰腺炎28例（53.8%）,胆源性14例（27.0%）,特发性胰腺炎10例（19.2%）。全组孕产妇病死率为0;胎儿病死率为19.2%（10/52）,其中2例胎死宫内,4例早产后新生儿窘迫,4例因考虑药物对胎儿影响而行流产或引产。 结论：近20年APP的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,且多数发生于孕晚期,高脂血症和胆道疾病是其主要病因,其中前者所占比例尤为突出。APP仍伴有较高的胎儿病死率,进一步规范的治疗和加强围产期新生儿的护理对于改善APP总体预后具有重要价值。     

胆源性胰腺炎103例临床诊治分析

目的：探讨胆源性胰腺炎的发病机制、诊断及治疗。方法：回顾性分析1992年6月～2002年6月间103例胆源性胰腺炎患的临床资料。结果：79例轻型患中，手术治疗67例，非手术治疗12例，全部治愈；24例重型患中手术治疗18例，死亡4例，非手术治疗6例，死亡3例。本组手术有效率95．3％(81／85)，非手术治疗有效率83．4％(15／18)，其中重型胰腺炎手术有效率77．8％(14／18)，非手术有效率50．0％(3／6)。结论：胆道梗阻、炎症是胆源性胰腺炎的主要病因。早期确诊、及时治疗、合理手术是治疗的关键。     

Mild Acute Biliary Pancreatitis vs Cholelithiasis: Are There Differences in the Rate of Choledocholithiasis?

The rate of choledocholithiasis at the time of elective surgery after mild acute biliary pancreatitis is still unclear because it decreases rapidly after the onset. The aims of this study are as follows: (1) To investigate whether the incidence of choledocholithiasis in mild biliary pancreatitis is higher than in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. (2) To evaluate the usefulness of intraoperative cholangiography in the diagnosis of unsuspected choledocholithiasis in mild pancreatitis. Prospective study including 130 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery and classified into two groups: mild biliary pancreatitis (n = 44) and symptomatic cholelithiasis (n = 86). Choledocholithiasis was evaluated by endoscopic cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance, and intraoperative cholangiography. Preoperatively, choledocholithiasis was identified in five patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis and two with biliary pancreatitis (5.81 vs 4.54%; p = 0.472). In 117 cases (90%), intraoperative cholangiography was successfully performed, identifying unsuspected choledocholithiasis in five patients of the colelithiasis group and in three in the group of pancreatitis (5.81 vs 6.81%; p = 0.492). The total number of patients with choledocholithiasis in the whole series was 15 (11.5%); 11.6% in colelithiasis group vs 11.4% in biliary pancreatitis group; p = 0.605. The rate of choledocholithiasis was not significantly different between the groups of patients with mild acute biliary pancreatitis and symptomatic cholelithiasis. Intraoperative cholangiography identified unsuspected choledocholithiasis in 6.81% of patients with mild acute biliary pancreatitis.