IFITM1克隆测序及生物信息学分析

目的 研究干扰素诱导的跨膜蛋白-1基因(interferon induced transmembrane protein 1.IFITM1)克隆、测序,对序列进行分析,并获取生物学信息.方法 以IFITM1的cDNA为模板,用Pfu酶做PCR扩增,在EcoRⅠ和Hind Ⅲ双酶切后,将IFITM1的cDNA片段克隆到pUCm-T质粒,对重组的pUCm-T-IFITM1测序后,采用All GenBank+EMBL+DDBJ+PDB Sequences Database 和 Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART)对IFITM1的cDNA进行生物信息学分析. 结果扩增后,含有IFITM1基因cDNA的PCR产物约1000 bp,IFITM1的 cDNA成功克隆到pUCm-T质粒并进行测序.序列分析结果显示,IFITM1结构cDNA全长683bp, 有2个外显子.IFITM1的 mRNA编码的氨基酸在37～57和87～107有2个跨膜区,编码125个氨基酸的多肽,其蛋白相对分子质量为14kDa.结论 IFITM1基因的成功扩增、克隆、测序,获取了IFITM1基因的cDNA、mRNA以及编码蛋白质氨基酸的生物学信息,有利于研究IFITM1基因与大肠癌的关系.     

大鼠神经元Arnt2基因cDNA序列的分析

目的 克隆并分析神经元凋亡差异表达5号EST全长cDNA。方法 以大鼠大脑Marathon Ready cDNA为模板，采用SMART RACE技术克隆神经元凋亡差异表达5号EST全长cDNA，产物亚克隆刘pGEM-T easy质粒载体后进行序列测定以及同源性分析。结果 经过3次5’RACE扩增，得到的5号EST cDNA长度为5663bp，其中包含1个2136bp的完整的开放读码框序列，与已知大鼠基因芳香烃受体核转位因子2（Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator2，Arnt2）完全同源：该cDNA 3’瑞非编码区长达3323bp，包含3个AATAAA加尾信号和1个由12个腺嘌呤核苷酸组成的polyA序列。结论 5号EST目标基因为大鼠基因Arnt2，该基因3’端完整的非编码区cDNA序列为首次报道。神经元凋亡差异表达基因Arnt2的克隆鉴定为深入研究小脑颗粒神经元低钾性凋亡机制奠定了基础。     

黄连N-甲基乌药碱-3'-羟化酶基因的克隆及序列分析

目的 克隆黄连Coptis chinensis N-甲基乌药碱-3'-羟化酶[(S)-N-methylcoclaurine-3'-hydroxylase]基因并做序列分析.方法 采用RT-PCR方法,以新鲜的黄连嫩叶cDNA为模板,克隆出黄连N-甲基乌药碱-3'-羟化酶基因的全部序列.结果 克隆到的基因(命名为CYP8083)全长为1680 bp,编码一个488个氨基酸残基组成的多肽.其氨基酸序列与日本黄连、唐松草、罂粟和花菱草的N-甲基乌药碱-3'一羟化酶的氨基酸序列同源性分别达95%、82%、70%、68%.将得到的序列提交Genbank,序列号为EF492879.通过与日本黄连的氨基酸序列比对,具有相同功能区域,因而可以参与N-甲基乌药碱的3'位羟基化反应.结论 黄连N-甲基乌药碱-3'-羟化酶基因的成功克隆为黄连植物中原小檗碱型苄基异喹啉类生物碱的基因工程等研究打下了良好的基础.     

弓形虫缓殖子期特异抗原SAG2C基因的克隆、鉴定与生物信息学分析

目的 克隆并鉴定弓形虫PRU株表面抗原SAG2C基因序列和cDNA序列,对比不同毒力弓形虫株(PRU、RH、ME49)中SAG2C基因序列,进行生物信息学分析.方法 根据SAG2C基因已知序列设计合成一对引物,应用PCR技术从Prugniaud(PRU)株弓形虫基因组DNA和总RNA中扩增SAG2C基因,克隆入pMD19-T载体并进行序列测定.应用DNAMAN软件、NCBI网站(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)分析3种虫株之间SAG2C基因的同源性;利用生物信息学网站ExPASy(http://us.expasy.org/)对获得的基因及推导出的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析.结果 PCR扩增得到弓形虫PRU株SAG2C基因及其全长cDNA序列,酶切及PCR鉴定获得了正确的重组质粒,测序结果表明,获得SAG2C基因序列1 225 bp,全长cDNA序列1 095 bp.编码364个氨基酸.同源性分析显示,弓形虫Prugniaud株和RH株SAG2C基因同源性为97.14%:Prugniaud株与ME49株cDNA序列同源性为96.89%;编码氨基酸序列同源性为92%.N端为信号肽,C端疏水序列预测它为糖基磷脂酰肌醇固着蛋白,存在13个潜在抗原表位及多个保守功能区域.结论 成功克隆了弓形虫缓殖子期特异抗原SAG2C基因序列及其全长cDNA序列,序列分析显示其为糖基磷脂酰肌醇固着蛋白.     

滇重楼环阿屯醇合酶基因的克隆及序列分析

目的 获取滇重楼甾体皂苷合成途径关键酶环阿屯醇合酶基因（PpCAS）的全长cDNA序列,并进行序列分析。方法 利用同源克隆和RT-PCR技术获得PpCAS基因保守片段,采用RACE技术获得PpCAS基因的3’及5’末端序列,并采用生物信息学方法进行序列分析。结果 PpCAS基因全长cDNA为2 309 bp,其开放阅读框（ORF）为2 283 bp,可编码760个氨基酸的蛋白质;PpCAS推导的蛋白质相对分子质量为8.69×10⁴,等电点（pI）为6.54;其氨基酸序列与GenBank中其他植物CAS的同源性在60%～83% PpCAS蛋白。结论 从滇重楼中首次获得PpCAS基因cDNA全长序列,该基因具有CAS同源基因的典型特征。     

亚洲带绦虫肌动相关蛋白2/3复合体结构与功能的生物信息学分析

目的分析和预测亚洲带绦虫肌动相关蛋白2/3复合体亚单位4(Actin related protein2/3complexsubunit4,Arp2/3)基因及其编码蛋白的结构和特性。方法利用美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)和瑞士生物信息学研究所的蛋白分析专家系统(ExPASY,http://ca.expasy.org/)中有关基因和蛋白的序列和结构信息分析的各种工具,结合其它生物信息学分析软件包,如Pcgene和Vector NTIsuite,从亚洲带绦虫全长cDNA质粒文库中识别Arp2/3基因及其编码区,分析、预测该基因编码蛋白质的理化特性、翻译后的修饰位点、功能域、亚细胞定位、拓扑结构、二级结构、三维空间构象等。结果该基因全长718bp,编码区为30-530,编码167个氨基酸,为全长基因。GenBank中与日本血吸虫Arp2/3氨基酸序列一致性达78%,相似性达90%。理论分子量为19533.9。没有跨膜区和各种亚细胞序列。预测3个主要的抗原表位为53～58,74～82,138～143均在Arp2/3空间结构的分子表面。结论应用生物信息方法从亚洲带绦虫成虫cDNA文库中筛选出Arp2/3基因。     

日本血吸虫精氨酸酶编码基因cDNA的分离和序列分析

【目的】分离和鉴定日本血吸虫 (Schistosomajaponicum ,S .j)新基因。【方法】应用免疫学方法筛选S .jcDNA文库获得阳性克隆 ;通过PCR直接序列测定技术 ,表达序列标签 (EST)同源性检索对阳性克隆插入片段进行鉴定 ;采用亚克隆技术及生物信息学等技术 ,对获得的日本血吸虫精氨酸酶编码基因序列进行结构与功能的分析。【结果】获得了一个含10 6 1bp外源插入片段的阳性克隆 ,其cDNA序列含有一个 840bp的阅读框 ,编码 2 79个氨基酸 ,属精氨酸酶家族 ,与国际蛋白质库中的酵母、蛙、人和大鼠精氨酸酶序列的同源性分别为 44 % ,5 0 % ,5 1% ,5 3%和 5 4%。【结论】获得了编码日本血吸虫精氨酸酶编码基因全长cDNA ,为日本血吸虫精氨酸酶基因功能的研究奠定了基础。     

人CD81基因的克隆与序列分析

1实验资料据GenBank公布的人CD81 cDNA序列(核酸库中的编号：NM-004356)，41～751bp为CD81的编码区，设计一对引物序列如下：P1(CD81上游引物)5’-ATAGATCCAT-GGGAGTGGAGGGCTGCAC-3’；P2(CD81下游引物)5’-TG-GTCTAGATCAGTACACGGAGCTGTTCCGG-3’，经Oligo生物软件检查符合引物设计要求．其预期扩增产物为729bp，扩增     

人伴侣蛋白CCTβ亚基全长cDNA的分离与鉴定

目的获得人伴侣蛋白CCTβ亚基全长cDNA序列,为进一步研究伴侣蛋白在蛋白质折叠中的功能提供理论依据.方法采用“同源杂交筛选策略”,运用生物信息学方法结合PCR等分子生物学实验技术,从人cD-NA文库中分离目的片段,并测序鉴定.结果从人的睾丸组织cDNA文库中分离出一条新的cDNA片段,将它与计算机拼接的片段整合后,获得一全长为1935bp的序列,该序列含有一个长1680bp的开放阅读框,编码535个氨基酸,并且在其3'末端有典型的PolyA加尾信号.结论基于从该cDNA推导的蛋白质与小鼠的CCTβ亚基氨基酸序列同源度性达97%,由这个新基因所编码的推导蛋白可能就是人的CCTβ亚基.     

日本血吸虫精氨酸酶编码基因cDNA的分离和序列分析

目的：分离和鉴定日本血吸虫（Schistosoma japonicum,S.j)新基因。方法：应用免疫学方法筛选S.j.cDNA库获得阳性克隆;通过PCR直接序列测定技术,表达序列标答（EST）同源性检索对阳性克隆插入片段进行鉴定／采用亚克隆技术及生物信息学等技术,对获的日本血吸虫精氨酸酶编码基因序列进行结构与功能的分析。结果：获得了一个含1061bp外源插入片段的阳性克隆,其cDNA序列含有一个804bp的阅读框,编码279个氨基酸,属精氨酶家族,与国际蛋白质库中的酵母、蛙、人和大鼠精氨酸酶序列的同源性分别为44％,50％,51％,53％和54％,结论获得了编码日本血吸虫精氨酸酶编码基因全长cDNA,为日本血吸虫精氨酸酶基因功能的研究奠定了.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.