窒息后新生儿血中胃泌素和胃动素水平变化及相关因素探讨

目的探讨新生儿窒息后血中胃泌素、胃动素的变化及临床意义,以及促使其恢复的可能相关因素。方法将100例窒息新生儿分为轻度窒息组及重度窒息组,其中重度窒息组随机分为禁食组(A)与微量喂养联合非营养性吸吮组(B),用放射免疫法对出生后第1日喂奶前及第5日空腹血中胃泌素、胃动素浓度进行了测定,与正常新生儿作对照。结果①轻度窒息组生后第1日血中胃泌素、胃动素与对照组比较无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②重度窒息组生后第1日血中胃泌素、胃动素水平则明显低于对照组,有显著性意义(P<0.01);生后第5日空腹血中胃泌素、胃动素浓度均较生后第1日喂奶前升高(P<0.05);其中A组仍低于同期对照组水平(P<0.05),B组其水平较A组明显升高(P<0.01),与同期对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论①轻度窒息新生儿生后第1日新生儿血中胃泌素、胃动素的水平基本同正常新生儿,提示可酌情给予早期胃肠营养。②重度窒息新生儿生后第1日血中胃泌素、胃动素的水平明显降低,微量喂养联合非营养性吸吮可缩短两种激素水平恢复时间。     

母乳胃动素和胃泌素浓度测定及其意义

本文测定了45例正常产妇的血及初乳中胃动素和胃泌素浓度,结果发现,母乳胃动素(206.53±110.42ngL)和胃泌素浓度(150.42±58.00ng/L)均达到母血胃动素(443.05±40.79ng/L)和胃泌素浓度(301.32±100.98ng/L)的二分之一水平。提示母乳可为新生儿提供一定数量的胃动素和胃泌素。本文对乳汁中胃动素和胃泌素进入新生儿体内的作用进行了初步讨论。     

不同喂养方式早产儿血胃动素、胃泌素及胃蛋白酶原浓度变化的研究

目的 动态监测早产儿开奶前、生后第3天、第7天及第14天血中胃动素、胃泌素及胃蛋白酶原的浓度变化,并予以三种不同的喂养方式干预,探讨早产儿血胃动素、胃泌素及胃蛋白酶原的动态变化及其与喂养方式的相关性,探讨合理的喂养方式.方法 需经间断鼻胃管喂养的胎龄34周以下的早产儿52例,随机分为三组,分别予以不同的喂养方式.放射免疫法批量监测血胃动素、胃泌素及胃蛋白酶原的水平.结果 （1）开奶前三组胃动素、胃泌素及胃蛋白酶原水平无明显差异,随喂养时间延长,非营养性吸吮组、滴服喂养组均高于单纯鼻胃管喂养组.非营养性吸吮组较明显,差异有显著意义.（2）早产儿血胃蛋白酶原的浓度变化与胃动素及胃泌素水平成正相关.（3）非营养性吸吮及滴服喂养组喂养不耐受的发生率减低,达全口喂养时间、黄疸持续时间及住院时间缩短.非营养性吸吮组更为明显.结论 早产儿血胃蛋白酶原的浓度变化与胃动素及胃泌素水平成正相关 非营养性吸吮及滴服喂养均可促进胃动素及胃泌素和胃蛋白酶原的分泌,促进胃肠功能的成熟,而非营养性吸吮作用更为明显.     

不同喂养方式对早期新生儿的影响

目的 观察母婴同室中纯母乳喂养与混合喂养对早期新生儿几种常见病的发病情况.方法 1120例新生儿随机分成两组,各560例,纯母乳喂养组实施纯母乳喂养,不添加任何代乳品(配方奶粉、葡萄糖水、水);混合喂养组每次喂奶时,首先喂母乳,则添加母乳代用品,比较两组新生儿患病理性黄疸、脱水热、低血糖症的发病情况.结果 纯母乳喂养组...     

不同喂养方式对早期新生儿的影响

目的观察母婴同室中纯母乳喂养与混合喂养对早期新生儿几种常见病的发病情况。方法 1120例新生儿随机分成两组,各560例,纯母乳喂养组实施纯母乳喂养,不添加任何代乳品（配方奶粉、葡萄糖水、水）;混合喂养组每次喂奶时,首先喂母乳,则添加母乳代用品,比较两组新生儿患病理性黄疸、脱水热、低血糖症的发病情况。结果纯母乳喂养组新生儿病理性黄疸、脱水热、低血糖等病的发生率明显高于混合喂养组,差异有统计学意义。结论母婴同室早期产妇乳汁分泌不足情况下,适当添加母乳代用品是必要的。     

早期不同喂养方式对危重新生儿胃肠功能的影响

目的探究早期不同喂养方式对危重新生儿胃肠功能的影响。方法选取106例危重新生儿为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各53例。观察组采用早期微量喂养,于出生后6~12 h内开奶,奶量从0.4~4.0 ml·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)开始,对照组则采用晚期常规喂养,于出生后48~72 h内或病情平稳后开奶,奶量从10~20 ml·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)开始;比较两组的胃动素、胃泌素、监测资料以及临床症状。结果观察组静脉营养时间、恢复出生体重时间、达全肠道喂养时间和住院时间均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组黄疸、喂养不耐受的发生率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组出生后第2天及第9天的胃动素水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且出生后第15天的胃泌素水平也显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组出生后第9天、第15天的胃动素及出生后第15天胃泌素水平,相比第2天均有所上升,且均高于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期微量喂养能够有效促进危重新生儿胃肠功能的成熟,提高其喂养耐受性,同时减少并发症发生。     

危重病新生儿血清胃泌素、胃动素变化的临床意义

[目的] 探讨危重病新生儿血清胃泌素、胃动素浓度水平的变化及临床意义。[方法] 采用放射免疫方法检测120例患病新生儿和60例正常新生儿血清胃泌素和血浆胃动素及治疗一周后危重病新生儿的血清胃泌素和胃动素浓度。[结果] 患病新生儿血清胃泌素、血浆胃动素均较正常对照组低(P＜0．01)；危重儿明显低于非危重儿及对照组(P＜0．01)。[结论] 新生儿血清胃泌素和胃动素的分泌程度与病情的严重程度有一定相关性，即病情越重，浓度越低。     

早期不同喂养方式对危重新生儿胃肠功能的影响

目的探究不同喂养方式对危重新生儿胃肠功能的影响。方法选取2016年5月-2017年4月在陕西省中航工业三二〇一医院就诊的320例危重新生儿为研究对象。采用随机数字法将其分为观察组(160例)和对照组(160例)。观察组采用早期微量喂养,于出生后6~12 h内开奶,奶量从0.4~4.0 ml·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)开始;对照组采用晚期按需喂养,于出生后48~72 h内或病情平稳后开奶,奶量从10~20 ml·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)开始。比较两组患儿胃动素、胃泌素、监测资料、临床症状(胃肠损害)的差异。结果观察组出生体质量恢复时间、完成全肠道喂养时间、住院时间和静脉营养时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组第9天、第15天的胃动素和第15天的胃泌素均高于第3天,对照组第9天、第15天的胃动素高于第3天,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组胃动素在营养供给第3天和第9天显著高于对照组,胃泌素在第15天显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组黄疸和喂养不耐受发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组坏死性小肠结肠炎和肝损害发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论危重新生儿在出生后选择早期微量喂养方式喂养,可以显著提高喂养的耐受性,且可减少并发症的产生。     

新生儿窒息血胃动素和胃泌素水平的相关性研究

[目的]探讨新生儿窒息患儿血胃动素（motilin,MTL）和胃泌素（gastric acid secretion,GAS）水平,及其与病程、病情及预后的关系.[方法]应用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定67例窒息新生儿病程2d内、3～5d、7～10d、12～15d血MTL和GAS的水平,并与正常对照组比较.[结果]新生儿窒息患儿以出生2d内血浆MTL和血清GAS水平最高,随病程延长而逐步降低;轻度窒息患儿7～10d恢复正常;重度窒息患儿12～15d与正常对照组比较差异仍有显著性.根据临床表现将新生儿窒息组分为4个观察组,将血MTL和GAS水平的动态变化与正常对照组和其阴性对照组比较,均有统计学意义.[结论]血MTL和GAS水平与新生儿窒息患儿病程、病情密切相关,对预后判断有重要意义,亦能为临床治疗提供参考.     

IBCLC喂养指导宣教对初产妇母乳喂养成功率的影响

目的 探讨产前国际认证泌乳顾问（international board certified lactation consultant,IBCLC）参与进行喂养指导宣教,对初产妇母乳喂养成功率的影响。方法 选取100例于2020年1—6月入院产检的初产妇,分为对照组、观察组,各50例。对照组产妇于产前接受常规的新生儿喂养指导宣教,观察组初产妇接受由IBCLC参与的喂养指导。待两组初产妇分娩后,以问卷形式调查两组喂养知识及格率、母乳喂养自我效能量表（breastfeeding selfefficacy scale,BSES）得分,并记录两组产后3 d及6周时的母乳喂养情况,比较两组初产妇母乳喂养率。结果 与对照组比较,观察组喂养知识及格率及BSES得分更高,两组之间比较差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。观察组产后3 d的母乳喂养率较对照组差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）;产后6周时,观察组母乳喂养率与对照组比较明显提高,两组之间比较差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 由IBCLC参与的初产妇产前喂养指导宣教,可加强初产妇母乳喂养意识,帮助初产妇有效进行母乳喂养,...     

不同分娩方式与早发型母乳性黄疸及胃肠激素水平的相关研究

目的:探讨不同分娩方式与早发型母乳性黄疸发病率的关系及和胃动素(MOT)、胃泌素(GAS)水平的相关性。方法:由专人对该院产科出生正常的新生儿218例进行监测,其中剖宫产136例,自然分娩82例,将符合早发型母乳性黄疸诊断标准的50例对象进一步采集血液标本,通过放射免疫法测定MOT和GAS水平。结果:剖宫产组早发型母乳性黄疸的发病率为27.49%,高于正常分娩组发病率14.63%(P<0.05);剖宫产组MOT、GAS的水平分别为(206.84±32.10)ng/L和(94.54±16.42)ng/L明显低于正常分娩组(256.20±28.32)ng/L和(137.06±16.15)ng/L(P<0.001)。结论:剖宫产分娩的新生儿较自然分娩的新生儿更易发生早发型母乳性黄疸,且同时有胃肠激素MOT、GAS水平的降低。对剖宫产分娩的新生儿更应严密监测黄疸的发生,及早干预。     

小儿腹泻病血胃泌素、胃动素和生长抑素含量变化与胃肠运动功能的关系

目的：探讨小儿迁延性及慢性腹泻病血中胃泌素（GAS），胃动素（MOT）和生长抑素（SS）的变化情况和它们与胃肠动力紊乱的关系。方法：应用放免法对28例迁延性及慢性腹泻病患儿治疗前和恢复期晨空腹及餐后1小时的血GAS，MOT和SS水平进行测定，并用实时超声显像法对他们餐后的胃运动及胃排空进行研究，同时与22例正常儿童作比较。结果：患儿治疗前空乃和餐后的血清GAS和血浆MOT水平高于恢复期和对照组（P＜0．001），空腹的血浆SS水平尽管前者亦高于后两者（P＜0．05），但餐后差异无显著性（P＞0．05），患儿治疗前空腹和餐后的GAS／SS和MOT／SS比值明显大于恢复期和正常儿童（P＜0．05），患儿病期的胃体蠕动频率（FB），胃窦收缩频率（FA）和30，60，90，及120分钟胃排空率（GER）明显增快，而且120分钟GER与空腹和餐后的血浆SSI 各组都呈负相关，与GAS／SS和MOT／SS的比值则呈正相关。结论：迁延性及慢性腹泻小儿血中的GAS和MOT水平升高，GAS／SS和MOT／SS比值增大，而且GAS，MOT和SS分泌失调与胃肠动力异常有密切的关系。     

Umbilical serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in newborns: effects of gestational age, postnatal age, and nutrition

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nutrition, gestational age, and birth weight, and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in newborns. METHOD: The first study group consisted of sixty newborns: thirty were fed with human breast milk and the others were fed with infant formula. Serum samples were obtained from all the newborns on days one and seven of life. Seventy-two pregnant women and their neonatal cord blood serum samples were obtained in a labor ward in the study group. All the serum samples were analyzed for IGF-1 by immunoassay. RESULT: Newborns fed with human milk had higher serum IGF-1 concentrations compared to formula-fed controls (p < 0.05). Cord IGF-1 levels showed a negative correlation with birthweight (p < 0.05) and a positive correlation with gestational age (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that IGF-1 levels during the neonatal period are influenced by gestational age, birth weight, and nutrition.     

The Bedouin Infant Feeding Study: study design and factors influencing the duration of breast feeding

Summary. A longitudinal study of infant feeding practices, growth and morbidity among Bedouin Arab infants residing in the Negev, Israel, was conducted during a 3-year period (1981–1983). Follow-up samples were restricted to healthy newborns. The majority of newborns are breast fed at birth but, by 2 months, 50% are also introduced to a milk supplement. Based on the bivariate analysis using the logrank test to examine the factors associated with exclusive versus partial breast feeding during the first 6 months, those born during the wet cool months are exclusively breast fed longer than those born during the dry season. More traditional women, living in tents rather than houses or huts, exclusively breast feed for at least 6 months. In a multiple logistic regression model, parity, house type and birth season are independently associated with the odds of exclusively breast feeding for the first 6 months of life. Factors influencing the duration of any breast feeding for the first 18 months include: house type, place of residence, birthweight, and whether the infant was stunted at 6 months.     

牛乳与母乳抗氧化效能的比较

目的：测定３０例市售牛乳中维生素Ｃ（ＶＣ）、维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）含量与超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性，以及抗氧化活性（ＡＯＡ）水平，并与母乳、新生儿脐血进行了比较。结果：市售牛乳作为预防性抗氧化剂或自由基链式反应的阻断剂，其水平均明显低于母乳；后者水平还低于脐血；而ＡＯＡ值却与脐血无显著差异。结论：市售牛乳的抗氧化效能明显低于母乳，且不能补足新生儿对抗氧化物质的需要     

Consumption of Breast Milk Is Associated with Decreased Prevalence of Autism in Fragile X Syndrome

Breastfeeding is associated with numerous health benefits, but early life nutrition has not been specifically studied in the neurodevelopmental disorder fragile X syndrome (FXS). Herein, I evaluate associations between the consumption of breast milk during infancy and the prevalence of autism, allergies, diabetes, gastrointestinal (GI) problems and seizures in FXS. The study design was a retrospective survey of families enrolled in the Fragile X Online Registry and Accessible Research Database (FORWARD). There was a 1.7-fold reduction in the prevalence of autism in FXS participants who were fed breast milk for 12 months or longer. There were strong negative correlations between increased time the infant was fed breast milk and the prevalence of autism and seizures and moderate negative correlations with the prevalence of GI problems and allergies. However, participants reporting GI problems or allergies commenced these comorbidities significantly earlier than those not fed breast milk. Parsing the data by sex indicated that males exclusively fed breast milk exhibited decreased prevalence of GI problems and allergies. These data suggest that long-term or exclusive use of breast milk is associated with reduced prevalence of key comorbidities in FXS, although breast milk is associated with the earlier development of GI problems and allergies.     

The Bedouin Infant Feeding Study: study design and factors influencing the duration of breast feeding.

A longitudinal study of infant feeding practices, growth and morbidity among Bedouin Arab infants residing in the Negev, Israel, was conducted during a 3-year period (1981-1983). Follow-up samples were restricted to healthy newborns. The majority of newborns are breast fed at birth but, by 2 months, 50% are also introduced to a milk supplement. Based on the bivariate analysis using the logrank test to examine the factors associated with exclusive versus partial breast feeding during the first 6 months, those born during the wet cool months are exclusively breast fed longer than those born during the dry season. More traditional women, living in tents rather than houses or huts, exclusively breast feed for at least 6 months. In a multiple logistic regression model, parity, house type and birth season are independently associated with the odds of exclusively breast feeding for the first 6 months of life. Factors influencing the duration of any breast feeding for the first 18 months include: house type, place of residence, birthweight, and whether the infant was stunted at 6 months.     

Polychlorobiphenyls in human milk, adipose tissue, plasma and umbilical cord blood; levels and correlates

In a longitudinal study involving 17 women, PCB concentrations (PCBs 138, 153 and 180) were determined in cord blood (17 newborns), breast milk (10 women), maternal adipose tissue (8 women), maternal plasma collected during the last trimester of pregnancy (17 women) and maternal plasma collected 10 days post partum (7 women). Significant correlations were found (p less than 0.05) between PCB levels in cord blood, breast milk and adipose tissue and maternal plasma collected before birth, and between breast milk and maternal plasma collected post partum. In 2 vegetarian women the PCB levels in maternal plasma and cord blood were significantly lower than in the other women (p less than 0.05). If in future studies the PCB levels observed prove to be detrimental to child development, these correlations may offer the possibility of identifying a group of newborns at risk for occurrence of developmental defects due to PCB exposure before birth.     

Chlorella (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) supplementation decreases dioxin and increases immunoglobulin a concentrations in breast milk

In addition to meeting nutritional requirements, breast milk plays important roles in biodefense for nursing infants. Dioxins have been detected at high concentrations in breast milk, raising concerns about disorders in nursing infants caused by breast milk containing dioxins in Japan. We analyzed dioxin levels in breast milk and maternal blood samples from 35 pregnant women in Japan. We also measured immunoglobulin (Ig) A concentrations in breast milk and investigated correlations with dioxin concentrations. In addition, 18 of the 35 women took Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorella) supplements during pregnancy, and the effects on dioxin and IgA concentrations in breast milk were investigated. Toxic equivalents were significantly lower in the breast milk of women taking Chlorella tablets than in the Control group (P = .003). These results suggest that Chlorella supplementation by the mother may reduce transfer of dioxins to the child through breast milk. No significant correlation was identified between dioxin and IgA concentrations in breast milk in the Control group. It is unlikely that normal levels of dioxin exposure via food have a remarkable influence on IgA in breast milk. IgA concentrations in breast milk in the Chlorella group were significantly higher than in the Control group (P = .03). Increasing IgA levels in breast milk is considered to be effective for reducing the risk of infection in nursing infants. The present results suggest that Chlorella supplementation not only reduces dioxin levels in breast milk, but may also have beneficial effects on nursing infants by increasing IgA levels in breast milk.     

母乳库母乳喂养对早产儿生长发育及并发症的影响

目的探讨母乳库母乳喂养对早产儿生长发育及并发症的影响。方法68例早产儿根据喂养方式的不同分为两组各34例,对照组采用配方乳喂养,研究组采用母乳库母乳喂养,比较两组的生长发育及喂养情况、并发症。结果研究组的生长发育情况显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的喂养耐受时间、静脉营养时间以及住院时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论母乳库母乳喂养可促进早产儿生长发育,降低并发症发生率。