食管癌、贲门癌术后复发的再次手术

目的探讨食管癌、贲门癌手术后复发再手术的可能性及其适应证。方法作者总结了１９７９年至１９９６年的４４例食管癌、贲门癌术后复发患者进行再次手术的经验。男３６例,女８例,年龄４２～６８岁。食管癌术后２１例,贲门癌术后２３例。手术切除３４例,探查１０例。术后发生各类并发症７例次,发生率２０．５％,手术死亡２例,手术病死率５．８％。病理证实吻合口复发２６例,残留食管再发癌７例,癌残留食管床复发１例。淋巴结转移１５例,转移率４４．１％。结果术后生存５年以上４例,３年以上４例,２年以上３例,１年以上６例,１５例分别在１年及１年内死亡;探查者１０例分别于６～１３个月内死亡。结论对食管癌、贲门癌术后复发者,若病变未浸及动脉或气管,放疗后病变缩小,无远处转移,且心肺功能可以耐受手术者,都应积极再次手术。     

老年食管癌、贲门癌根治术的围手术期处理(附580例体会)

目的总结老年食管癌、贲门癌患者围手术期处理经验。方法回顾性分析老年食管癌、贲门癌580例手术治疗情况,平均年龄68(60～79)岁。术中予双腔气管插管、静脉复合麻醉,经左后外侧开胸行食管、贲门癌根治性切除术;围手术期予营养支持、呼吸道管理,并及时处理呼吸衰竭等并发症。结果术后发生并发症152例,其中呼吸道并发症118例(77.6%),死亡12例,7例死于呼吸衰竭,2例心脏猝死。360例平均随访4(1～7)年,3年、5年生存率分别为48.7%和36.8%。结论老年食管癌、贲门癌围手术期予营养支持、严格的呼吸道管理及术后正确处理呼吸道并发症是手术治疗成功的关键。     

52例高龄患者食管癌、贲门癌切除术

本文报告自1987年11月至1999年1月手术治疗52例70岁以上的食管癌、贲门癌的情况。其中男性40例,女性12例,年龄70岁～79岁。食管癌32例、贲门癌20例,大多数患者都合并有其他疾患。本组手术并发症包括吻合口瘘4例;乳糜胸3例和脓胸3例,并有9例在住院期间死亡。作者总结高龄食管癌患者手术前后管理的经验和教训,并对死亡的原因加以分析。     

食管癌术后早期并发症及死亡原因分析

目的探讨食管癌患者术后早期常见并发症的发生、死亡原因及其防治措施。方法根据收治的不同年代,将2085例食管癌患者分为3组。A组:1963～1983年收治的332例食管癌患者;B组:1984～1993年收治的727例食管癌患者;C组:1994～2003年收治的1026例食管癌患者。对其术后影响吻合口瘘、心肺并发症发生的因素等进行分析。结果2085例食管癌患者中手术切除肿瘤1894例,手术切除率90.84%(1894/2085);术后并发症发生率11.61%(242/2085),手术死亡率1.82%(38/2085),肺部并发症发生率3.93%(82/2085),吻合口瘘发生率3.12%(59/1894),心血管并发症发生率1.29%(27/2085)。B组和C组手术切除率高于A组(P<0.05),并发症发生率和手术死亡率低于A组(P<0.05);C组手术切除率高于B组,除肺部并发症外,其他并发症发生率和病死率均低于B组。结论肺部并发症和吻合口瘘是食管癌术后常见的并发症和主要死亡原因,随着近年来麻醉和手术技术的提高,围手术期治疗经验的积累,术后并发症发生率和病死率已在逐步降低。     

胃大部切除术后贲门癌及食管癌25例外科治疗

目的 探讨胃大部切除术后贲门癌及下段食管癌的外科治疗经验和效果.方法 25例行胃大部切除患者术后平均8.5年出现贲门癌或食管癌,其中贲门癌10例,下段食管癌15例,均采用左胸后外侧切口,切除食管癌、贲门癌,将残胃连同脾脏、胰尾部移至胸腔,行残胃食管弓下吻合.术中均常规置入十二指肠营养管,术后早期行肠内营养支持治疗.结果 全组无手术死亡,无吻合口瘘发生,术后出现肺部感染、呼吸功能不全2例,房颤、心功能不全1例.术后1.5个月出现吻合口狭窄1例,经内镜下扩张后狭窄解除.术后随访20例,1、3、5年生存率分别为81%,49%,31%.结论 对于胃大部切除术后贲门癌及下段食管癌患者,行残胃食管吻合术,是首选的手术方式.仔细、熟练的术中操作、积极处理合并症、加强围手术期护理及术后营养支持治疗是手术成功的重要保证.     

高龄高危食管癌贲门癌患者外科治疗体会

目的 :探讨高龄高危食管癌贲门癌患者外科治疗的临床效果。方法 :对 3 6例高龄高危食管癌贲门癌患者在全麻下行食管肿瘤、贲门肿瘤切除术 ,并对围手术期心肺功能不全者进行处理。结果 :根治性切除 2 6例 ,姑息性切除 10例 ,术后并发症 14例 ,围手术期死亡 3例 (8.3 % )。结论 :对高龄高危食管癌贲门癌的外科治疗重点应放在围手术期的管理上。     

管状胃代食管术在食管癌、贲门癌中的临床应用研究

目的探讨管状胃在食管癌、贲门癌切除术中的临床应用及对术后生活质量的影响。方法78例食管癌、贲门癌患者,随机分为常规手术组和管状胃组。常规组37例,男31例,女6例,年龄（62．70±5．89）岁,胸中段食管癌21例,胸下段食管癌14例,贲门癌2例。管状胃组41例,男33例,女8例,年龄（60．56±6．75）岁,胸中段食管癌20例,胸下段食管癌18例,贲门癌3例。观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血、输血,术后心律失常,肺部并发症,吻合口瘘,吻合口狭窄,返流性食管炎,胸胃综合征发生率及住院时间等临床指标。结果丽组患者均顺利完成手术,无围手术期死亡,两组心律失常（40．54％比19．51％,P=0．042）、肺部并发症（32．43％比12．20％,P=0．031）、返流性食管炎（27．02％比4．87％,P=0．007）、胸胃综合征发生率（16．22％比0,P=0．024）及术后住院时间[（12．16±1．99）d比（10．87±1．41）d,P=0．001）]等指标比较差异有统计学意义。而在手术时间,术中出血、输血,吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论管状胃在食管癌、贲门癌手术中并发症发生率较低,不增加手术时间、可缩短住院时间,可改善患者的生活质量,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

管状胃在食管、贲门癌手术中的临床应用

目的评价管状胃技术在食管、贲门癌患者根治手术中的临床效果。方法选取2008年1～10月瑞金医院胸外科收治的食管、贲门癌患者74例,按采取的手术方法不同分为管状胃组和胸腔胃组,管状胃组:46例,男36例,女10例;年龄59.67±9.96岁(36～77岁);食管癌31例,其中胸上段食管癌1例,胸中段食管癌23例,胸下段食管癌7例;贲门癌15例;采用左颈部吻合2例,主动脉弓上吻合19例,主动脉弓下吻合10例,贲门癌根治15例。胸腔胃组:28例,男25例,女3例;年龄59.17±11.33岁(37～86岁);食管癌22例,其中胸上段食管癌1例,胸中段食管癌17例,胸下段食管癌4例;贲门癌6例;采用左颈部吻合2例,主动脉弓上吻合17例,主动脉弓下吻合3例,贲门癌根治6例。观察两组患者手术后吻合口瘘发生率、手术时间、住院时间等临床指标。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术,管状胃组无吻合口瘘发生;胸腔胃组发生肺部感染并发症4例,死亡1例;管状胃组与胸腔胃组手术时间(180.00±10.34 min vs.185.00±6.23 min,t=1.669,P=0.078),术后住院时间(16.78±9.98 d vs.16.89±11.53 d,t=1.665,P=0.075)比较差异无统计学意义。结论管状胃在食管癌手术中并发症发生率较低,不增加手术时间和住院时间,可改善患者的生活质量,具有较好地临床应用价值。     

食管癌贲门癌术后生活质量评价和影响因素分析

目的 评价食管癌病人和贲门癌病人的术后生活质量,探讨术后生活质量的影响因素.方法 应用EORTC QLQ问卷表随访119例食管癌和贲门癌术后病人,对其生活质量进行评价.结果 食管癌术后病人的躯体功能、角色功能和总体健康状况评分明显高于贲门癌者(P＜0.05),而疲劳、失眠、进食习惯、体重减轻、反流、呕吐症状评分较贲门癌者低(P＜0.05).食管大部切除组各项评分优于胃近端次全切除组(P＜0.05).手术1年后,病人生活质量改善.发生手术并发症者生活质量较差.结论 食管癌病人的术后生活质量优于贲门癌者,手术方式、术后时间、术后出现并发症可影响病人的生活质量.     

食管癌贲门癌合并糖尿病的手术治疗探讨——附31例临床报告

目的探讨食管癌贲门癌伴糖尿病患者的手术治疗体会。方法回顾性分析2005-04—2012-03,收治31例食管癌贲门癌合并糖尿病患者的外科治疗围手术期处理及血糖控制经验。结果本组无死亡病例,治愈30例,1例手术中突然发生室颤而放弃手术。术后主要并发症:颈部吻合口瘘2例,肺部感染并急性呼吸衰竭,气管切开使用呼吸机2例。结论食管癌贲门癌伴糖尿病患者,围手术期血糖控制是手术成败的关键;术前将血糖控制在6.0～9.0 mmol/L,尿糖控制在(±)时,实施手术较为安全。食管癌术式以颈部吻合为主,十二指肠营养管管饲,是保证手术成功的重要因素。     

Strategies for prophylaxis and treatment for aspiration

The absolute incidence of aspiration is difficult to define because of its relatively low occurrence and difficulty in diagnosis. The gastric volume predisposing to aspiration is larger than 30 ml. Fasting times for fluids have reduced; however, a large meal may require 9 hours of preoperative fasting. Preoperative carbohydrate-enriched beverages may attenuate postoperative catabolism. Aspiration occurs most frequently during induction and laryngoscopy. Awake fibre-optic intubation may be a suitable alternative in high-risk cases for aspiration. The role of cricoid pressure in anaesthesia needs re-evaluation as radiological and clinical evidence suggest that it may be ineffective and may impede intubation and ventilation. Chemoprophylaxis does not reduce the severity of aspiration pneumonitis as gastric bile is unaffected by these agents and induces a worse pneumonitis than gastric acid. Patients may be discharged home 2 hours after aspirating provided they are clinically unaffected and have postoperative surveillance.     

Indications for choledochotomy and methods for its performance

Experience in the treatment of 238 patients for nontumorous lesions of the biliary tract by choledochotomy is generalized. Choledochotomy was performed in obstructive jaundice during the operation, in cholangiolithiasis, suppurative cholangitis, strictures of the terminal part of the choledochus, and indurative pancreatitis which were attended by biliary hypertension. Diagnostic choledochotomy was undertaken only in 5.8% of patients. Twenty-two (9.2%) patients died after choledochotomy. The method of completing choledochotomy was chosen individually according to the character of the pathological changes in the bile ducts and the acuteness of the inflammatory process. Choledochotomy was completed by external drainage of the common bile duct in 116 patients, by complete suturing of the choledochus in 19, by creation of bile-draining anastomoses in 89, and by papillosphincterotomy in 14 patients. Terminal and lateral choledochoduodenoanastomosis was formed in 25 patients, with good immediate results. Mortality was highest after papillosphincterotomy and external drainage of the choledochus.     

The surgeon for the future and implications for training

Clinical and technical skill may not be sufficient to fulfil society's expectations of surgeons. Other skills, which have been well defined in the published literature, include those of the professional, communicator, collaborator, manager, scholar and health advocate. It is the purpose of this review to explore the current understanding of these different domains and make comment about ways to improve training that will ensure that the surgeon of the future has the opportunity to develop broader expertize.     

Anterior and posterior approach for total sacrectomy for tumors

Surgical Principles A transperitoneal approach will allow the ligation of vessels feeding the tumor. After a blunt separation of the tumor from the intestines the intervertebral disc will be cut transversely. The anterior approach will be closed and the sacrum removed through a posterior approach.     

Mixed pentothal-curare-nitrous oxide anaesthesia for children and infants: a technique and dosage scale for rapid intubation and for maintenance

Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie -