海南地区汉黎族正常人群ACE基因多态性的分布

目的了解海南地区汉族、黎族正常人群ACE基因多态性插入／缺失（I／D）频率的分布情况。方法采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测97例海南地区汉族正常人与146例黎族正常人血中ACE基因16内含子I／D多态标记，得到三种基因型：缺失纯合子（DD型）、插入纯合子（Ⅱ型）及插入缺失杂舍子（DI型）。并对所有普通PCR定为DD型的样本进行插入特异性PCR检测，以减少误分型率。统计各基因型频率，计算等位基因频率。结果海南地区汉族正常人DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率分别为15．5％、44．3％、40．2％，D及I等位基因频率分别为37，6％、62．4％；黎族正常人DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率分别为13．0％、43．8％、43．2％，D及I等位基因频率分别为34．9％、65．1％。两组之间DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率及D、I等位基因频率均无显著性差异。结论海南地区汉族、黎族正常人群ACE基因多态性（I／D）的频率分布相接近，与中国内地汉族人群ACE基因多态性（I／D）的频率分布相接近。     

海南黎族高血压并动脉硬化血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与血脂的关系探讨

目的探讨海南黎族高血压并动脉硬化者血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因多态性与血脂的关系。方法收集有效的研究病例,其中黎族正常对照组276例,黎族高血压并动脉硬化组260例,采血检测血脂水平;采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测黎族正常对照组与黎族高血压并动脉硬化组血液中ACE基因16内含子I／D多态标记,得到3种基因型：缺失纯合子（DD型）、插入纯合子（Ⅱ型）及插入缺失杂合子（DI型）,统计各基因型频率,计算等位基因频率,进一步分析各基因型与血脂关系。结果海南黎族正常对照组与高血压并动脉硬化组DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率及D、I等位基因频率均无显著性差异。海南黎族高血压并动脉硬化组各基因型之间血脂水平无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论ACE基因I／D多态性与黎族高血压并动脉硬化无显著关联;与黎族高血压并动脉硬化病人血脂水平无明显相关。     

海南黎族冠心病人群ACE基因多态性与血脂的相关性

目的研究海南黎族冠心病人群血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因多态性与血脂的关系。方法采集海南黎族正常对照组150例和黎族冠心病组150例的血样检测血脂水平,采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测黎族正常对照组与黎族冠心病组血液中ACE基因16内含子I／D多态标记,得到三种基因型：缺失纯合子（DD型）、插入纯合子（Ⅱ型）及插入缺失杂合子（DI型）,统计各基因型频率,计算等位基因频率,进一步分析各基因型与血脂关系。结果海南黎族正常对照组与黎族冠心病组DD、DI、II基因型频率及D、I等位基因频率有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。海南黎族冠心病组各基因型之间血脂水平无统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论ACE基因I／D多态性与黎族冠心病有显著关联,与黎族冠心病人群血脂水平无显著关联。     

内蒙古蒙古族人群血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶(ACE)基因多态性分析

目的：观察血管紧张素I转换酶(ACE)基因第16内含子插入／缺失多态性在内蒙古地区蒙古族人群中的分布。方法：采用聚合酶连锁反应(PCR)检测150例内蒙古地区蒙古族标本ACE基因16内含子插入／缺失多态标记，得到三种基因型：缺失纯合子(DD)、插入纯合子(I型)及插入／缺失杂合子(DI型)。并对所有普通PCR定为DD型的样本进行插入特异性PCR检测，以减少误分型率。统计各基因型频率，计算等位基因频率。结果：内蒙古地区蒙古族ACE基因三种基因型频率分别为：DD型20．0％，DI型41．3％，I型38．7％；D、I两等位基因频率为40．7％和59．3％．结论：蒙古族与汉族资料比较，等位基因频率差异均无显著性，基因型频率与多数资料差异无显著性；蒙古族等位基因频率及基因型频率与鄂温克族、达斡尔族、白种人及黑种人差异均存在显著性。ACE基因多态性存在人种的差别，而是否不同民族、地区间也存在差别尚待进一步研究。     

海南黎族高血压并动脉硬化患者血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨海南黎族高血压并动脉硬化者血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因多态性与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测260例海南黎族高血压并动脉硬化患者及276例黎族正常人的ACE基因插入／缺失（I／D）多态性,观察DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率及等位基因频率。结果（1）高血压并动脉硬化组DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率为15．0％、37．3％、47．7％;D及Ⅰ等位基因频率分别为33．7％、66．3％。正常对照组DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率17．8％、40．6％、41．6％,D及Ⅰ等位基因频率分别为38．0％、62．0％。两组之间DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率及D、Ⅰ等位基因频率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。（2）在所有高血压者中,ACEDD型的MIMT比DI和Ⅱ型亚组显著增高（P〈0．05）。在高血压1级和3级组内,ACEDD型亚组的NIMT比DI和Ⅱ型亚组显著增高（P〈0．05）,但组间比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论ACEDD基因型增加了颈动脉硬化易感性,是海南黎族高血压并动脉硬化患者的危险因素,可作为动脉粥样硬化的一个早期预测因子,但DD型高血压并动脉硬化中颈动脉MINT与高血压分级无正相关性。     

海南黎汉族高血压人群ACE基因多态性与危险因素研究

目的 研究海南黎汉族高血压人群ACE基因多态性及危险因素的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法,对海南黎族111例高血压患者、146例黎族正常人和海南汉族106例高血压患者、97例汉族正常人的ACE基因插入/缺失（I/D）多态性检测,观察DD、DI、II基因型频率及等位频率,并对所有普通PCR定为DD型的样本进行插入特异性PCR检测,以减少误分型率,并分析高血压患者经典危险因素.结果 海南黎族高血压组与正常对照组比较,DD、DI、II基因频率及D、I等位基因频率均无显著性差异.海南汉族高血压组与正常对照组比较,DD、DI、II基因频率及D、I等位基因频率均差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.ACE基因型分布与黎族、汉族高血压患者的年龄、性别、体重指数（BMI）、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、载脂蛋白A（ApoA）、载脂蛋白B（ApoB）差异均无显著性（P＜0.05）.结论 ACE基因I/D多态性与黎族高血压无显著关联;ACE基因I/D多态性与汉族高血压有显著关联,是汉族高血压的主要致病基因;ACE基因型分布与黎族、汉族高血压经典危险因素无关,ACE缺失多态性是汉族高血压的独立危险因素.     

海南黎族、汉族高血压ACE基因多态性相关性研究

目的 研究海南黎族、汉族高血压ACE基因多态性的相关性.方法 采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测,对海南黎族111例高血压患者、146例黎族正常人、海南汉族106例高血压患者、97例汉族正常人的ACE基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性检测,观察DD、DI、II基因型频率及等位基因频率,并对所有普通PCR定为DD型的样本进行插入特异性PCR检测,以减少误分型率.并调查经典危险因素.结果 海南黎族高血压组DD、DI、II基因频率分别为10.8%、37.8%、51.4%;D及I等位基因频率分别为29.7%、70.3%.正常对照组DD、DI、II基因型频率分别为13.0%、43.8%、43.2%;D及I等位基因频率分别为34.9%、65.1%.两组之间DD、DI、II基因型频率及D、I等位基因频率均无显著性差异.汉族高血压DD、DI、II基因频率为16.0%、28.3%、55.7%;D及I等位基因频率分别为30.2%、69.8%.汉族正常人DD、DI、II基因频率15.5%、44.3%、40.2%,D及I等位基因频率分别为37.6%、62.4%.两组之间DD、DI、II基因型频率及D、I等位基因频率有显著性差异(P＜0.05).黎族、汉族高血压组与正常对照组比较,体重指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)有显著性差异(P＜0.05);黎族高血压组收缩压,舒张压与正常对照组有显著性差异(P＜0.05);汉族高血压组收缩压、舒张压与正常对照组有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 在海南黎族高血压和黎族正常人的D等位基因频率均比I等位基因频率低;ACE基因I/D多态性与黎族高血压无显著关联;海南汉族高血压和汉族正常人D等位基因频率均比I等位基因频率低;ACE基因I/D多态性与汉族高血压的发病有相关性,是汉族高血压的主要致病基因,早期应用血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂的治疗干预.     

海南汉族和黎族冠心病人群ACE基因多态性的对比分析

目的探讨ACE基因插入,缺失（D／I）多态性在海南汉、黎族冠心病中的意义。方法采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法。对海南汉族150例冠心病人及150例汉族正常人、150例黎族冠心病人及150例黎族正常人的ACE基因D／I多态性进行检测,观察DD、DI、II基因型频率,并对所有普通PCR定为DD型的样本进行插入特异性PCR检测,以减少误分型率,同时检测其血脂、裁脂蛋白、血压、血糖等,并经多元逐步回归分析了解引起冠心病的危险因素。结果汉、黎族冠心病组的DD基因型频率较各自对照组高（P〈0．05）,而汉、黎族冠心病组间的比较DD、DI、II基因频率比较无显著差异。经多元逐步回归分析显示：汉、黎族冠心病组ACE基因DD基因型频率增高,HDL-C降低,汉族冠心病组TG水平升高。结论ACE基因DD基因型频率增高与冠心病有关,海南汉、黎族冠心病ACE基因多态性的易感性一致。     

海南汉族心力衰竭ACE基因多态性研究

目的探讨海南汉族心力衰竭患者血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因多态性与心力衰竭的关系。方法收集有效的研究病例,其汉族正常对照组150例,汉族心力衰竭组150例,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测汉族正常对照组与汉族心力衰竭组血液中ACE基因16内含子I/D多态标记,得到3种基因型:缺失纯合子(DD型)、插入纯合子(Ⅱ型)及插入缺失杂合子(DI型),统计各基因型频率,计算等位基因频率,进一步分析各基因型与心力衰竭的关系。结果海南汉族正常对照组与心力衰竭组DD、DI、Ⅱ基因型频率及D、I等位基因频率均无显著性差异。海南汉族心力衰竭组各基因型之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 ACE基因I/D多态性与海南汉族心力衰竭无显著关联。     

海南黎汉族人群中高血压与ACE基因多态性的研究

目的探讨海南黎族和汉族人群血管紧张素转换酶（AcE）基因多态性与高血压的关系。方法于2010年对三个市县筛选高血压者85例作为病例组,血压正常者119例作为对照组,黎族101例,汉族103例。应用多聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）技术检测ACE基因的插入,缺失（I/D）多态性。用χ2检验,比较不同组人群ACE基因I/D多态性基因型频率和I、D等位基因频率的差异。结果在黎族EH组ACE各基因型的分布频率为II型44．7％、ID型34．2％、DD型21．1％,D等位基因频数38．2％;黎族NT组为1154．0％、ID33．3％、DD12．7％,D等位基因频数29．4％;黎族两组I／D基因型和D等位基因频数分布差异均无统计学意义（D0．05）。汉族EH组三种基因型比例分别是1153．2％、IDI0．6％、DD36．2％,D等位基因频数28．7％,汉族NT组1157．1％、ID28．6％、DD14．3％,D等位基因频数28．6％。汉族两组I／D基因型和D等位基因频数分布差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论海南黎族和汉族地区人群ACE基因I/D多态性与原发性高血压的发生无关联。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.