111例结肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻术后并发症危险因素分析

目的 探讨结肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻术后并发症（包括呼吸、循环、消化系统及局部）及其危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2009年12月北京大学第一医院诊治的111例结肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻患者的病例资料.结果 右半结肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻49例,其中48例（98.0%）实施肿瘤一期切除手术,1例患者因侵犯十二指肠及胰腺伴腹腔种植转移行回肠横结肠短路术.左半结肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻62例,53例（85.5%）实施肿瘤一期切除,其中23例行术中结肠灌洗及一期肿瘤切除吻合术,9例患者接受单纯结肠造口术.术后并发症发生率21.6%（24/111）,围手术期死亡率5.4%（6/111）.左半结肠癌与右半结肠癌肠梗阻术后,并发症发生率及围手术期死亡率两者差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.单因素分析显示,高龄（大于60岁）（P=0.012）、美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级3～4级（P＜0.001）者术后并发症发生率较高.多因素分析显示,ASA分级3～4级（P=0.001,OR=8.583）是术后并发症的独立危险因素.结论 结肠癌致急性肠梗阻术后并发症发生率及围手术期死亡率较高 对于ASA 3～4级患者应谨慎选择恰当术式及术后加强监护.     

支架联合腹腔镜手术治疗梗阻性左半结肠癌的初步探讨

目的 探讨左半结肠癌并肠梗阻患者腔内支架置入后再行腹腔镜手术的疗效及手术时机的选择.方法 前瞻性将49例左半结肠癌并梗阻患者由计算机随机分入支架联合腹腔镜手术组（29例,其中支架后3 d手术15例、10 d后手术14例）和开腹手术组（20例）,对比分析3组患者一期手术吻合成功例数、中转开腹率、手术时间、住院时间、术中失血量、疼痛评分、永久造口率和术后并发症发生情况.结果 与开腹组比较,支架联合腹腔镜手术组患者一期手术吻合成功率高（62.1%比35.0%,P=0.004）,永久造口率低（6.9%比35.0%,P=0.024）,失血量少（15～200 ml比120～610 ml,P=0.000）,疼痛轻（术后疼痛评分2.5分、3.0分比8.0分,P=0.000）,相关并发症少（5例次比10例次）.支架联合腹腔镜手术两组之间,与3 d后手术组比较,10 d后手术组患者一期手术吻合成功率高（85.7%比40.0%,P=0.001）中转开腹率低（14.3%比46.7%,P=0.046）.结论 左半结肠癌并梗阻患者放置腔内支架后的腹腔镜手术是可行的,放置支架后10 d行腹腔镜手术较为合适.     

Colon cancer: survival after curative surgery

Several new aspects have evolved during the past years concerning factors that influence survival in surgically and medically treated colon cancer patients that are relevant to the treating team for the treatment strategy and patients choice. The 5-year-survival rates dependent on UICC stages/substages (I: 68%–100%, II: 58%–90%, III: 33%–76%, IV: <5%–9%) show remarkable variations between published reports, surgical hospital units, individual surgeons, and continents (USA vs Europe). Those variations may be due to surgical techniques, training status, hospital and individual case volume, and, also, referral patterns and statistical evaluation methods. Survival times and cure rates are significantly improved by adjuvant chemotherapy in UICC III and in substages of UICC II (e.g. UICC II B) by 5%–12%, when compared with surgical controls. In three recently published trials standard adjuvant chemotherapy was further improved by increased survival rates, e.g. from 59% to 71% in stage III and IIB patients. Molecular and genetic factors, such as thymidylate synthase (TS), microsatellite instability (MSI) or loss of chromosome 18q/DCC might have an independent impact on prognosis in the spontaneous course, and TS could help to better select patients for adjuvant chemotherapy.     

Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis between early and late recurrence after curative surgery for colorectal cancer

Background

Despite curative surgery for colorectal cancer, some patients experience tumor recurrence. Whether early recurrence is associated with a shorter postrecurrence survival period compared with late recurrence remains unknown.

Methods

A total of 395 patients with tumor recurrence after curative surgery for colorectal cancer were enrolled and divided into early (<3 years) and late (≥3 years) recurrence groups. Clinicopathologic characteristics, recurrence patterns, and postrecurrence survival were compared.

Results

For stage I and II colorectal cancer, patients with T4 lesions tended to experience early recurrence. For stage III colorectal cancer, early recurrence was more common in patients with N2 disease. Patients with older age, mucinous-type tumors, poorly differentiated histology, the presence of lymphovascular invasion, or multiple site recurrence tended to die <2 years after recurrence. Median postrecurrence survival was similar for the 2 groups. Patients undergoing resection of liver or lung metastases demonstrated longer postrecurrence survival compared with those who did not undergo resection.

Conclusions

Compared with late recurrence, early recurrence does not indicate a worse outcome in colorectal cancer.     

Survival after elective surgery for colonic cancer in Denmark

Aim Total mesorectal excision (TME) has been shown to improve the outcome for patients with rectal cancer. In contrast, there are fewer data on complete mesocolic excision (CME) for colonic cancer. Method Data from the National Colorectal Cancer Database were analysed. This includes about 95% of all patients with colorectal cancer in Denmark. Only patients having elective surgery for colonic cancer in the period 2001–2008 were included. Overall and relative survival analyses were carried out. The study period was divided into the periods 2001–2004 and 2005–2008. Results 9149 patients were included for the final analysis. The overall 5‐year survival rates were 0.65 in 2001–2004 and 0.66 in 2005–2008. The relative 5‐year survival rates were also within 1% of each other. None of these comparisons was statistically significant. Conclusion Survival following elective colon cancer surgery has been almost unchanged since 2001.     

左半结直肠癌并肠梗阻的外科治疗及预后分析

目的探讨左半结直肠癌并肠梗阻的外科治疗及其影响预后的因素。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2006年12月间在青岛大学医学院附属医院行外科治疗的93例左半结直肠癌并肠梗阻患者的临床资料。结果93例患者中男53例,女40例;中位年龄61岁;其中51例合并内科疾病。行根治性切除术67例。其中一期切除吻合21例、Hartmann手术35例、Miles手术11例;行姑息性手术26例,其中单腔或双腔造瘘术14例,短路手术7例．姑息性切除5例。93例患者均获随访,1、3、5年生存率分别为94％、59％、38％。单因素和多因素预后分析显示,手术根治性、TNM分期和术前CEA水平是影响患者预后的独立因素（均P〈0．05）。结论手术根治性、TNM分期和术前CEA水平是左半结直肠癌并肠梗阻患者预后影响因素：早期诊治、根治性手术及合理地选择手术方式有助于提高患者生存率。     

左半结肠癌肠梗阻术中排便一期切除吻合术的临床应用

目的 探讨左半结肠癌肠梗阻术中排便一期切除吻合术的安全性和疗效.方法 回顾性总结2000年1月至2008年1月间对43例左半结肠癌合并肠梗阻患者行术中排便一期切除吻合术的临床资料,并与同期行Hartmann术的25例左半结肠癌肠梗阻患者的临床疗效进行比较.结果 两组患者在年龄、性别、营养状态、基础疾病、肿瘤部位、分期等方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.术中排便一期切除吻合组和Hartmann术组并发症发生率分别为25.6%和28.0%（P=0.761）;手术死亡率分别为2.3%和4.0%（P=0.369）;差异均无统计学意义.术中排便一期切除吻合组总住院时间为（16.6±7.8）d,住院费用为（50 192.8±39 727.4）元;Hartmann术组首次手术切除和二次关瘘的总住院时间为（24.6±9.4）d.两次住院费用为（58 382.1±30 304.9）元;两组比较,分别为P=0.002和P=0.020,差异有统计学意义.结论 对于左半结肠癌肠梗阻患者,术中排便一期切除吻合术疗效与Hartmann术相似,但住院时间和费用明显少于Hartmann术.     

腹腔镜与开腹左半结肠癌根治术的短期疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜与开腹左半结肠癌根治术的短期疗效。方法:选取接受腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治术的11例患者作为腔镜组,另选取同期接受开腹左半结肠癌根治术的18例患者作为开腹组,比较两组短期疗效。结果:腔镜组在术中出血量、肛门排气时间、住院时间、疼痛及切口愈合不良率方面明显优于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),切口满意度、住院费用明显高于开腹组,差异有统计学意义。两组在手术时间、淋巴结清扫数量、肺部感染、腹腔感染、吻合口瘘、术后肠梗阻及非计划再次手术方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜左半结肠癌根治术具有较好的手术安全性及短期疗效。     

Negative influence of delayed surgery on survival after preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer

OBJECTIVE: In Europe, until recently the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer was preoperative radiotherapy (RT). The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence on survival of intervals between diagnosis and treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The influence on survival of intervals between diagnosis and surgery (Dg-Surg), diagnosis and initiation of RT (Dg-Rad), and completion of RT and surgery (Rad-Surg) was evaluated in a retrospective series of patients treated with preoperative RT. Between 1991 and 1998, 102 patients received treatment with preoperative RT without concomitant chemotherapy at the René Gauducheau Cancer Center. Patients generally received 45 Gy (80%) in 25 fractions over 35 days for T2-T3-T4 N0-N1 M0 rectal adenocarcinoma located mainly (62.7%) in the lower third of the rectum (< or = 5 cm from anal margin). Thirty-five pN1 patients were treated with postoperative chemotherapy. Differences between survival were assessed by the log-rank test, and prognostic factors by the Cox test. RESULTS: Median time was 14.7 weeks for Dg-Surg, 4.6 weeks for Dg-Rad and 5.1 weeks for Rad-Surg. Median follow-up from diagnosis was 57.4 months. Five-year local relapse-free survival was 83.9%, metastasis-free survival 64% and overall survival 60.8%. No factor was predictive of tumour response to RT. Log-rank and multivariate analysis showed that overall survival was significantly influenced by lower-third tumours, pT, pN and Dg-Surg (poorer survival when > or = 16 weeks: OR = 2.59, P = 0.005). Metastasis-free survival correlated significantly with Dg-Surg (> or = 16 weeks: OR = 2.05, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION: An interval of more than 16 weeks between diagnosis and surgery may reduce overall survival of patients treated with preoperative RT for locally advanced rectal cancer. Surgery should be performed shortly after completion of RT for patients with no possibility of sphincter preservation, or a minimal risk of morbidity from an abdominoperineal excision.     

Comparison of colonic stenting and open surgery for malignant large bowel obstruction

Background Colonic stents potentially offer effective palliation for those with bowel obstruction attributable to incurable malignancy, and a “bridge to surgery” for those in whom emergency surgery would necessitate a stoma. The current study compared the outcomes of stents and open surgery in the management of malignant large bowel obstruction. Methods A literature search of the Medline, Ovid, Embase and Cochrane databases was performed to identify comparative studies reporting outcomes on colonic stenting and surgery for large bowel obstruction. Random effects meta-analytical techniques were applied to identify differences in outcomes between the two groups. Sensitivity analysis of high quality studies, those reporting on more than 35 patients, those solely concerning colorectal cancer and studies performing intention to treat analysis was undertaken to evaluate the study heterogeneity. Results A total of 10 studies satisfied the criteria for inclusion, with outcomes reported for 451 patients. Stent insertion was attempted for 244 patients (54.1%), and proved successful for 226 (92.6%). The length of hospital stay was shorter by 7.72 days in the stent group (p < 0.001), which also had lower mortality (p = 0.03) and fewer medical complications (p < 0.001). Stoma formation at any point during management was significantly lower than in the stent group (odds ratio, 0.02; p < 0.001), and “bridging to surgery” did not adversely influence survival. Conclusions Colonic stenting offers effective palliation for malignant bowel obstruction, with short lengths of hospital stay and a low rate for stoma formation, but data on quality of life and economic evaluation are limited. There is no evidence of differences in long-term survival between those who have stents followed by subsequent resection and those undergoing emergency bowel resection. This paper was presented as an oral presentation at the Scientific Session of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Dallas, Texas, USA, 28th April 2006     

Tumour location is a prognostic factor for survival in colonic cancer patients

Objective To evaluate survival and prognostic factors in a consecutive series of colon cancer patients from a defined city population in Norway. Method All patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon diagnosed between 1993 and 2000 were registered prospectively. Five‐year actuarial survival and 5‐year relative survival rates were calculated. Cox regression analyses were used to study the effect of prognostic factors on survival. Results In the study period 627 patients were admitted. Overall 5‐year relative survival was 50% in females and 52% in males. Five‐year relative survival in 410 (65%) patients operated with curative intent, was 74% for females and 79% for males. Tumour location in the transverse colon, splenic flexure and descending colon (OR = 1.8), emergency operation (OR = 1.7), TNM stage (OR = 1.8–2.9), blood transfusion of more than two units (OR = 1.8) and age (OR = 4.0–7.1) were independent negative prognostic factors. Conclusion Colon cancer located in the transverse and descending colon is associated with poor prognosis. Comparison of results from different centres is difficult due to selection and classification differences, and different methods used for calculation of survival.     

经肛肠减压后3D腹腔镜根治术治疗梗阻性结肠癌的临床观察

目的探讨经肛肠减压后3D腹腔镜根治术治疗梗阻性结肠癌的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年6月收治的54例梗阻性结肠癌患者的临床资料,所有患者术前均经肛肠减压,根据手术方式分为3D组(25例)和开腹组(29例),所有数据均应用SPSS22.0软件进行统计学分析,围术期相关指标等计量资料以( ±s)表示,采用独立样本t检验;术后并发症发生率组间比较采用χ²检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果两组患者术前减压管放置时间、手术时间和淋巴结清扫数目比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);3D组术中出血量、首次通气时间以及平均住院时间均明显少于开腹组,但平均住院费用高于开腹组;两组患者术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论经肛肠减压后实施3D腹腔镜根治术治疗梗阻性结肠癌是安全、有效的,术中出血量少、术后恢复快,值得在临床广泛推广应用。     

左半结肠癌急性梗阻行一期切除吻合术132例诊治体会

目的 探讨左半结肠癌急性梗阻行一期切除吻合术的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析我院1998年7月～2005年9月收治的左半结肠癌急性梗阻132例的临床资料.结果 本组病例术后未发生肠瘘,无死亡病例.结论 术中合理应用结肠灌洗,术后积极辅助治疗,一期切除吻合术是安全可行的,可避免二次手术带给病人的痛苦,术后并发症也无明显增加.     

左半结肠切除一期吻合加回肠末端造瘘治疗老年梗阻性左半结肠癌的临床效果

目的分析左半结肠切除一期吻合加回肠末端造瘘治疗老年梗阻性左半结肠癌的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年6月80例行左半结肠切除一期吻合术患者的临床资料,根据左半结肠切除一期吻合术后是否加行回肠末端造瘘手术分为研究组(加行回肠末端造瘘手术,39例)和对照组(未加行回肠末端造瘘手术,41例)。数据采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行分析,患者术中术后各项指标以( ±s)表示,组间比较采用独立t检验。术后并发症的发生情况采用χ²检验。以P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。 结果两组患者术中出血量相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组患者手术时间较对照组显著延长(P<0.05);研究组患者术后首次排气时间、首次进食时间、引流管拔出时间以及住院时间分别为(2.5±0.9) d、 (2.5±0.7) d、 (5.7±1.5) d、 (14.3±1.8) d,较对照组均显著缩短,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组吻合口漏及总并发症发生率分别为2.6%、17.9%,显著低于对照组(17.1%、41.5%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后存活率分别为92.3%、 90.2%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论左半结肠切除一期吻合联合回肠末端造瘘,可促进梗阻性左半结肠癌患者进术后恢复,缩短住院时间,减少术后并发症,值得在临床推广使用。     

Prognostic factors in salvage surgery for recurrent oral and oropharyngeal cancer

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic decisions in recurrent oral and oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma (SCC) remain controversial. METHODS: Two hundred forty-six consecutive patients who underwent salvage surgery for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and oropharynx were studied. The tumor sites were lip, 33 cases; oral cavity, 143; oropharynx, 70. The previous treatment was surgery in 73 patients, radiotherapy in 96, combined surgery and radiotherapy in 76, and chemotherapy in one. The clinical stage of recurrence was I/II in 51 cases and III/IV in 195 cases. The disease-free interval (DFI) was less than 1 year in 156 cases and greater than 1 year in 90 cases. RESULTS: The rate of recurrence was 54.9%, and the overall 5-year actuarial survival rate was 32.3%. The significant prognostic factors in multivariate analysis were restage (p = .049) and DFI (p = .045). CONCLUSION: Patients with recurrent oral and oropharyngeal SCC at initial clinical stages (rCS I and II) and with a DFI greater than 1 year had a favorable prognosis.