侧脑室注射阿托品东莨菪碱对兔呼吸心率的影响

给兔侧脑室注射阿托品有兴奋呼吸作用,且可增强毛果芸香碱、氨甲酰甲胆碱、槟榔碱兴奋呼吸效应;东莨菪碱对呼吸影响不明显,但却可拮抗毛果芸香碱、氨甲酰甲胆碱、槟榔碱兴奋呼吸效应。阿托品与东莨菪碱对呼吸影响不同的原因可能与选择性阻滞中枢不同亚型M受体有关。侧脑室注射阿托品似有减慢心率倾向,东莨菪碱对心率影响不明显,但均可拮抗以上拟胆碱药的心率减慢作用。     

小剂量纳洛酮对氯胺酮家兔呼吸频率和血压的影响

目的观察小剂量纳洛酮对氯胺酮家兔呼吸频率和血压的影响,为临床合理联合用药提供依据。方法家兔耳缘静脉注射8 mg/kg氯胺酮后随机分成纳洛酮组和生理盐水组,分别通过游离剑突法、颈总动脉插管法观察静脉注射纳洛酮（0.01μg/kg）对氯胺酮家兔血压及呼吸频率的影响。结果纳洛酮对氯胺酮家兔的血压无明显影响（P〉0.05）,但可拮抗氯胺酮所致的呼吸频率减慢（P〈0.01）。结论小剂量纳洛酮可拮抗氯胺酮所致的呼吸抑制。     

吗啡抑制呼吸与脑中乙酰胆碱含量间的关系

本文在观察兔呼吸的同时,用放射免疫法测定延髓和脑桥Ach含量。iv吗啡4.0mg/kg,呼吸频率减慢,延髓和脑桥Ach含量下降,呼吸频率及Ach含量一时间曲线有很好的对应关系。iv吗啡2.0—8.0mg/kg,呼吸频率和Ach含量均呈剂量依赖性下降,两者有正相关。icv纳洛酮0.2mg/kg,能拮抗脑桥但不能拮抗延髓Ach含量下降作用。结果表明吗啡抑制呼吸与低位脑干Ach含量下降有关。     

新斯的明和阿托品用于肌松拮抗时对血流动力学的影响

为观察全麻术后应用新斯的明和阿托品进行肌肉松弛 (以下简称肌松 )拮抗对血流动力学的影响 ,将 2 1例术中持续吸入异氟醚维持麻醉、间断静脉注射哌库溴铵维持肌松的择期颅脑手术患者 (ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ) ,术后随机分组 ,静脉注射不同剂量新斯的明和阿托品 (Ⅰ组新斯的明 0 .0 5mg/kg、阿托品 0 .0 2 5mg/kg ;Ⅱ组新斯的明 0 .0 5mg/kg、阿托品0 .0 1 7mg/kg) ,拮抗肌松残余作用。用DATEX多功能监测仪和HEMOSONICTM 1 0 0经食管超声多普勒仪连续监测给药前后血流动力学各参数的变化。结果 :2组病人给药后 1、2、3min心率都明显增快 ,Ⅱ组给药后 3 0min心率和峰值血流速度 (PV)明显降低 ,其他血流动力学参数给药前后均无明显变化。提示 :0 .0 5mg/kg新斯的明配伍 0 .0 1 7mg/kg阿托品进行肌松拮抗时易引起延迟性心动过缓 ,且抑制心肌收缩力 ;对于无器质性心脏病、无心肌缺血的病人 ,0 .0 5mg/kg新斯的明和 0 .0 2 5mg/kg阿托品为较好的配伍。     

芬太尼在正常和迷走神经横断兔对肾交感神经活动的影响

目的研究交感神经与迷走神经在芬太尼所引起的低血压伴随心动过缓中的作用.方法 14只兔被随机分为2组:正常和双侧迷走神经横断兔.兔麻醉、肌松和人工通气,暴露肾交感神经并记录其电生理活动.间隔10min静脉注射芬太尼1,4,15,30和50μg/kg.结果静脉芬太尼在总剂量20μg/kg以上无论在正常或去迷走神经兔均显著抑制肾交感神经活动,引起血压下降和心率减慢.静脉芬太尼在总剂量50和100μg/kg所引起的肾交感神经活动抑制和血压下降在正常兔明显多于去迷走神经兔(P＜0.05),但是心率减慢在正常与去迷走神经兔之间没有统计学显著差异.结论芬太尼只有大剂量才会引起明显的心率减慢和血压下降,主要因为抑制交感神经活动造成.     

小儿眼科手术中长托宁或阿托品与新斯的明合用于肌松拮抗时对血流动力学的影响

目的:观察小儿眼科手术时长托宁或阿托品与新斯的明合用于肌松拮抗时对血流动力学的影响。方法:择期行眼科手术患儿60例,随机分为长托宁组和阿托品组,每组各30例,手术结束患儿恢复轻微的自主呼吸时,静脉注射新斯的明0.02mg/kg,长托宁0.01mg/kg或阿托品0.01mg/kg,拮抗肌松残余作用,记录全麻诱导前5min,给药前1min,及给药后2min、5min,拔管后安静时各点的心率和血压的变化。结果:长托宁组给药前后的心率变化不大(P>0.05);阿托品组给药后2min,5min心率显著增加(P<0.05);拔管后安静时已基本恢复到给药前水平,在整个观察期间,两组血压无显著变化(P>0.05),组间比较也无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:与阿托品比较,长托宁对心率和血压无明显影响,而阿托品却使心率显著增快。     

二硫基丙磺酸钠并用安定对杀虫单急性中毒的解救

对麻醉兔的腓总神经胫骨前肌,iv杀虫单(SCD)7.5mg/kg可完全抑制自主呼吸和诱发肌肉收缩。iv二硫基丙磺酸钠(DMPS)7和10mg/kg,可使自主呼吸和肌肉收缩完全恢复。iv DMPS 62.5mg/kg治疗兔SCD15.5mg/kg中毒,在拮抗呼吸和肌松后,出现震颤,惊厥和EEG发作性异常放电波,如加用iv 5mg/kg安定能迅速而完全拮抗惊厥并消除EEG中的异常放电波。DMPS合用安定对鼠SCD急性中毒也显示良好的解救作用。     

槐胺碱的抗实验性心律失常作用

槐胺碱(20mg/kg)静脉注射可拮抗乌头碱(20μg/kg)、BaCl_2(4mg/kg)在大鼠所诱发的心律失常(P<0.05),拮抗氯仿-肾上腺素所致的兔心律失常。在豚鼠槐胺碱增加哇巴因诱发室早,室速、室颤及心跳停止所需要的用量。此药在10～20mg/kg腹腔注射还可减少氯仿所致的大鼠室颤,和乙酰胆碱-CaCl_2研致的房颤(扑),槐胺碱显著降低大鼠的心率并拮抗异丙肾上腺素的正性变速作用。     

苦豆子总黄酮抗心律失常作用的实验观察

静脉注射苦豆子总黄酮50mg/kg,可显著对抗乌头碱诱发的大鼠心律失常;增加豚鼠对哇巴因的耐量;对抗氯仿—肾上腺素诱发的家兔心律失常;降低C_aCI_2,引起的大鼠室颤率和死亡率。腹腔注射50mg/kg 时,也可对抗氯仿诱发的小鼠室颤。此总黄酮也可明显减慢整体家兔和大鼠的心率,且可拮抗异丙肾上腺素的正性变率作用。     

二巯基丙磺酸钠合用安定对杀虫单急性中毒的解毒研究

小鼠染毒前15分钟腹腔注射二巯基丙磺酸钠(DMPS)250mg/kg,染毒后即用安定,可使杀虫单(SCD)中毒小鼠的LD_(50)提高5.3倍,明显优于单用DMPS防护(P<0.05)。在清醒兔实验中,静注SCD15mg/kg可使脑电图(EEG)出现发作性异常放电波,静注DMPS62.5mg/kg虽可拮抗SCD所致的呼吸抑制和神经肌肉阻遏,但不能拮抗抽搐等症     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.