Stanford B型主动脉夹层近端锚定区不足腔内治疗分析

目的 探讨胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层时近端锚定区不足的3种处理方法.方法 回顾性分析36例B型主动脉夹层患者近端锚定区不足15 mm的处理方法,其中覆盖左锁骨下动脉(LSA)15例(A组),LSA烟囱支架植入14例(B组),头臂动脉转流7例(C组).结果 TEVAR术均获成功.ⅠA型内漏3例,Ⅳ型内漏1例,内漏发生率11.11％.双上肢平均收缩压差在A组为(41.68±17.52) mmHg,与B组(15.61±8.83) mmHg和C组(11.54±10.07)mmHg比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).无围手术期死亡、脑梗死、截瘫、严重左上肢缺血等并发症.术后随访3～12个月,CTA复查显示主动脉覆膜支架及烟囱支架无移位,人工血管及烟囱支架均通畅,原少量内漏消失,无新发内漏.结论 对近端锚定区不足的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者施行TEVAR术时可通过覆盖LSA、植入LSA烟囱支架和头臂动脉转流技术,安全有效地拓展近端锚定区距离.     

Standford B型主动脉夹层覆膜支架腔内修复术围手术期并发症分析

目的 总结覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗Standford B型主动脉夹层的经验,分析围手术期并发症的发生率及处理方法.方法 2005年1月至2010年1月,127例B型主动脉炙层患者接受覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗.B型夹层112例,B型主动脉穿透性溃疡15例.术前、术后10 d行64排CTA检查,证实手术效果.统计分析围手术期病死率、主要并发症发生率,探讨死亡及发生主要并发症的可能原因.结果 手术成功率100%,围手术期死亡3例,病死率为2.4%,主要并发症发生率为13.4%(17/127),包括截瘫1例,逆行性A型夹层1例,脑梗死致意识障碍2例,支架相关并发症9例,严重内漏4例.结论 覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗B型主动脉夹层安全、有效,但主要并发症的发生不容忽视.     

腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层:单中心长期疗效分析

目的探讨胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的长期疗效。方法回顾性搜集300例行TEVAR治疗的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的临床及影像学资料,分析患者短期(在院/术后30天)及长期死亡率、并发症发生率及主动脉重塑情况。结果技术成功率100%。左锁骨下动脉完全覆盖29例,烟囱支架重建左锁骨下动脉11例,烟囱支架重建左颈总动脉7例。患者在院/术后30天死亡率0.7%(2/300),并发症发生率14%(42/300)。中位随访时间35个月(6~126个月)。1、3、5年累积全因死亡率分别为2.0%、6.7%、12.8%,主动脉夹层相关死亡率分别为1.7%、4.5%、8.4%;晚期并发症发生率14.7%(44/300),胸主动脉段假腔完全血栓化率83.7%(251/300)。结论应用覆膜血管内支架行TEVAR是治疗Stanford B型夹层安全有效的方法,长期疗效令人满意。     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后血管重塑分析

目的 探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者经胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗后血管形态学转归.方法 回顾性分析51例接受TEVAR术治疗的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者术前及术后临床及影像学资料,分析术后1个月内、1～6个月、6个月后主动脉各段真假腔内径及假腔血栓化情况.结果 TEVAR术后胸主动脉真腔扩大、假腔缩小,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),腹主动脉管径真腔和假腔变化较术前无统计学差异(P＞0.05),腹部重要分支动脉血供情况较术前有所改善.结论 TEVAR术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的近中期效果确切,但仍需要远期随访观察.     

覆膜支架血管腔内修复术后不可忽视的严重并发症——逆行性A型夹层

目的 重视逆行性A型夹层发生的可能原因和预防方法.方法 2005年1月至2011年1月,对189例症状性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者进行覆膜支架血管腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗,其中男157例,女32例,年龄26 ～ 78岁,平均(51.2 ± 13.5)岁.135例随访3 ～ 63个月,平均32个月,随访率7...     

85例Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复治疗体会

目的 探讨胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层(AD)方法与疗效.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年4月采用TEVAR治疗的85例Stanford B型AD患者临床资料.85例患者均常规行左肱动脉穿刺,右侧股动脉直切口,升主动脉DSA造影明确AD破口位置、真假腔及与重要器官血管开口位置关系;置入覆膜血管内支架,封堵原发破口,升主动脉造影复查观察近端破口封闭情况及主动脉弓部分支血管、真假腔血流变化情况.结果 84例患者TEVAR手术成功,成功率100％;1例术前麻醉过程中突发AD破裂死亡.9例部分覆盖左锁骨下动脉,1例左锁骨下动脉“烟囱”支架完全封闭左颈总动脉和左锁骨下动脉,2例行无名动脉至左颈总动脉和左锁骨下动脉转流.Ⅰ型内漏2例,无住院期间死亡.术后随访3个月至3年,患者均存活,远端再发新破口2例.结论 TEVAR术治疗Stanford B型AD安全有效,严格把握手术指征、术中精细操作及加强术后院外管理是手术成功、提高远期生存率关键.     

胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术内漏研究

目的 探讨胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层发生内漏原因及分型特点.方法 回顾性分析2007年3月至2014年5月确诊为StandfordB型胸主动脉夹层并完成TEVAR术治疗的189例患者,观察术中及术后内漏分型及影像学表现,患者生存率和生存质量.结果 TEVAR术中和术后共25例患者发生内漏,发生率为13.2％(25/189).其中急性内漏22例,包括Ⅰ型14例(7.4％),Ⅱ型8例(4.2％);迟发性内漏3例,包括Ⅱ型2例(1.1％),Ⅲ型l例(0.5％).术后患者生存质量未下降,未出现截瘫、肾动脉缺血等严重并发症.结论 TEVAR术内漏分型、影响因素不同,内漏发生概率各异,急性和迟发性内漏中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型内漏最为常见.     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术治疗体会

目的:探讨腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的效果。方法:对2005-09~2010-02期间18例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者实行血管造影和血管腔内带膜支架植入手术治疗,术后3、6、12个月行CTA检查,观察手术疗效以及有无狭窄、移位和扭曲等术后并发症。结果:无中转开胸手术。除1例再发Stanford A型夹层破裂死亡外,其余患者均顺利出院。结论:主动脉夹层腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层是一种安全有效的方法,早期结果满意,中远期效果还有待观察。     

覆膜支架治疗降胸主动脉瘤

目的评估覆膜支架治疗术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层和降主动脉瘤的安全性和近期疗效。方法2003年3月至2005年9月期间,共29例Stanford B型主动脉夹层和2例降胸主动脉瘤患者接受覆膜支架治疗术,所有患者均有高血压病史,其中急性发病27例.本组采用两种支架(Mdtronic Talent15例,上海微创Aegis 16例),术后采用CTA进行定期随访。结果所有支架均成功按预期定位释放,术后即刻DSA复查显示23例夹层患者近端破裂口完全封闭,2例降主动脉瘤也完全隔离,6例发现有内漏;术后7 d CTA复查发现16例假腔内完全血栓形成,12例近端假腔形成血栓,远端假腔仍开放。结论覆膜支架术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层和降主动脉瘤安全、有效,可替代外科手术。但覆膜支架术的确切长期疗效尚待进一步的大样本、前瞻性对照研究才能确定。     

覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗主动脉病变的价值

目的:评价覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗主动脉病变的应用价值及临床意义。方法:21例主动脉疾病患者,包括:Stanford B型夹层13例(65%),真性动脉瘤3例(15%),假性动脉瘤2例(10%),弓降部穿透性溃疡1例(5%),胸主动脉瘤合并局限性夹层1例(5%),胸主动脉瘤合并Stanford B型夹层1例(5%),全部接受TSGP。共应用3种类型大动脉覆膜支架,分别为:美国锐乐(10例)、国产先健(10例)及COOK公司血管支架(1例)。结果:17例分别置入1个支架,2例分别置入2个支架,2例分别置入主体支架1个、短支架2个,所有支架释放成功率100%。患者无截瘫及瘤体破裂等严重并发症,无围手术期死亡。支架释放后即刻造影复查,19例无明显渗漏和假腔显影(90%);2例少许内漏,其中1例术后7 d CTA复查内漏消失,1例为Ⅱ型内漏,建议随访观察;1例术后8月随访,支架近端新发内漏并逐次增多。结论:TSGP治疗主动脉夹层、真性及假性动脉瘤、穿透性溃疡成功率高、创伤小,近中期效果良好,但远期随访及效果评价有待进一步观察。     

急性期Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内治疗研究进展

随着胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）的广泛应用及迅速发展,腔内治疗已成为了Stanford B型主动脉夹层的一线治疗方法。腔内治疗主动脉夹层的预后除了依赖于术前个体化方案的制定和术中操作者的经验,更依赖于手术指征及时机的掌握。对于急性期复杂性B型夹层,提倡在药物治疗的基础上早期行TEVAR手术;对于急性期非复杂性B型夹层是否可行TEVAR手术仍存在争议。文章主要就急性期B型主动脉夹层行腔内治疗的研究进展进行综述。     

腔内隔绝术治疗合并肾功能衰竭的主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨合并肾功能衰竭的Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术(EVE)的手术适应证、围手术期处理等。方法 2例术前合并肾功能衰竭者，术前1d加做血透1次，术中控制补液量，术后床旁血透。结果 2例肾衰患者手术顺利，围手术期代谢及循环平稳。结论 在认真做好围手术期处理的前提下，合并肾功能衰竭的主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者可以安全接受EVE治疗。     

Hybrid手术在复杂Stanford B型夹层中的临床应用

目的 探讨Hybrid手术治疗累及主动脉弓部分支血管的Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床效果及并发症。方法 回顾分析2014年1月—2016年1月武汉市中心医院收治87例行Hybrid手术治疗复杂Stanford B型主动脉夹层的患者,观察其术后疗效及并发症发生情况。累及Z0区9例,行头臂干（brachiocephalic trunk,BCT）-左颈总动脉（left common carotid artery,LCCA）+BCT-左锁骨下动脉（left subclavian artery,LSA）+胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)术;累及Z1区23例,行BCT-LCCA-LSA+TEVAR术;累及Z2、3区55例,行LCCA-LSA+TEVAR术;颈部血管旁路选用8 mm Gore-Tex人工血管,TEVAR选用美敦力或先健覆膜血管支架。结果 无病例死亡,术后即刻造影无病例内漏,61例术毕苏醒拔管,26例术后次日顺利脱机拔管;术后出现肾衰3例,脑梗1例;随访6～48个月,出现内漏1例,无截瘫发生,恢复良好。结论 Hybrid手术治疗复杂Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者,具有微创、安全、有效的临床疗效,具有低风险、低并发症发生率的策略优势;根据患者的夹层解剖学范围以及患者的综合条件,选择个性化的Hybrid手术策略是手术成功的关键。     

Endovascular repair or medical treatment of acute type B aortic dissection? A comparison

Introduction

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the outcome of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) to that of medical therapy in patients with acute type B aortic dissection (TBD).

Materials and methods

From July 1996 to April 2008, 88 patients presenting with acute TBD underwent either TEVAR (group A, n = 38) or medical therapy (group B, n = 50). Indications for TEVAR were intractable pain, aortic branch compromise resulting in end-organ ischemia, rapid aortic dilatation and rupture. Follow-up was performed postinterventionally, at 3, 6 and 12 months and yearly thereafter and included clinical examinations and computed tomography (CT), as well as aortic diameter measurements and assessment of thrombosis.

Results

Mean follow-up was 33 months in group A and 36 months in group B. The overall mortality rate was 23.7% in group A and 24% in group B, where 4 patients died of late aortic rupture. In group A, complications included 9 endoleaks and 4 retrograde type A dissections, 3 patients were converted to open surgery and 2 needed secondary intervention. None of the patients developed paraplegia. In group B, 4 patients were converted to open surgery and 2 to TEVAR. The maximal aortic diameter increased in both groups. Regarding the extent of thrombosis, our analyses showed slightly better overall results after TEVAR, but they also showed a tendency towards approximation between the two groups during follow-up.

Conclusion

TEVAR is a feasible treatment option in acute TBD. However, several serious complications may occur during and after TEVAR and it should therefore be reserved to patients with life-threatening symptoms.     

腔内修复术治疗非复杂性急性B型主动脉夹层及随访结果

目的评价覆膜支架胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗非复杂性急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层(ATBAD)的近中期效果,并与复杂性ATBAD作比较。方法回顾性分析2003年5月至2012年6月收治的122例ATBAD患者临床资料。根据临床特征,分为非复杂性ATBAD组(A组,n=73)和复杂性ATBAD组(B组,n=49)。TEVAR术后随访5年,对比两组围手术期并发症、30 d死亡率、5年主动脉相关事件、免于主动脉相关事件发生率和中期生存率。结果 A组与B组相比,围手术期并发症发生率(8.2%对42.9%,P<0.01)、30 d死亡率(0%对12.2%,P=0.008)均显著降低;5年中期随访显示,主动脉相关事件发生率(5.5%对7.0%,P=1.000)、中期死亡率(2.7%对7.0%,P=0.352)均相似,免于主动脉相关事件发生率(P=0.661)、中期生存率(P=0.245)差异均无统计学意义。结论 TEAVR治疗非复杂ATBAD可行、有效。与复杂ATBAD相比,非复杂ATBAD经TEVAR治疗获得了更好的近期效果,中期效果相似。     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术学习曲线分析

目的 探讨介入医师对Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者实施胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术(TEVAR)的学习曲线.方法 回顾性分析10年间由同一组介入医师完成的70例B型主动脉夹层TEVAR术,按手术先后次序分为A、B、C、D、E共5组,每组14例.比较各组手术时间、手术相关并发症、术后住院时间,分析不同阶段手术效果.结果 5组患者年龄、性别、分型、伴高血压、伴糖尿病、吸烟史、假腔最大直径、假腔灌注的内脏动脉及其它疾病特征比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).手术时间在A、B组分别为(3.29±0.61)h、(2.87±0.37) h(P＜0.05),在C、D、E组分别为(1.80±0.62)h、(1.74±0.34)h、(1.52±0.39)h (P＞0.05),A、B组手术时间显著长于C、D、E组(P＜0.001).5组患者手术相关并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),住院时间逐渐缩短,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A、B组28例手术分别在6.2年、2年内完成,手术频度分别为每年3.3例、7例;B、C、D组42例手术分别在2.2年、1.2年、0.8年内完成,手术频度分别为每年6.4例、11.7例、17.5例.结论 B型主动脉夹层TEVAR术学习曲线约为28例,介入医师在每年平均4.6例手术频度下完成28例手术后手术时间明显缩短,介入医师团队手术技术明显进步.     

Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Type B Aortic Dissection Associated with Retrograde Type A Intramural Hematoma

PurposeTo evaluate feasibility and efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for type B aortic dissection (TBAD) associated with retrograde type A intramural hematoma (IMH).Materials and MethodsFrom April 2013 to January 2017, 15 consecutive patients with TBAD associated with retrograde type A IMH who underwent TEVAR were reviewed retrospectively. There was no cardiac tamponade, aortic regurgitation, involvement of coronary artery, or sign of cerebral ischemia in these patients. Enhanced CT was used in 4 patients to diagnose malperfusion of abdominal visceral arteries or lower extremity artery and underwent emergent TEVAR. For the remaining 11 patients, repeated enhanced CT after initial medical treatment within 24 hours from onset of pain showed expansion of IMH in 8 patients or presence of periaortic hematoma in 3 patients. Delayed TEVAR was scheduled for these cases.ResultsSuccessful deployment of the stent graft was achieved in all patients. There were no severe postoperative complications, such as retrograde type A aortic dissection or aortic rupture. Sudden death occurred in 1 patient 3 months after the procedure. Thrombosis of the false lumen, shrinkage of the diameter of the aorta, and complete absorption of the IMH were observed in the remaining patients at a mean follow-up of 19.8 months ± 6.57.ConclusionsTEVAR for treatment of TBAD with retrograde type A IMH is feasible and effective. It represents a treatment option for patients with TBAD associated with type A IMH with a proximal entry tear located in the descending aorta.     

Morphologic Outcome after Endovascular Treatment of Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection

PurposeTo investigate the long-term morphologic changes of the aorta after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for acute complicated type B aortic dissection and to analyze whether these changes differed between DeBakey class IIIa and IIIb dissections.Materials and MethodsDuring the period 1999–2009, 58 patients with acute complicated type B aortic dissection were treated with TEVAR. Seven patients lacked follow-up data, leaving 51 patients—17 patients with DeBakey IIIa aortic dissection and 34 patients with DeBakey IIIa aortic dissection IIIb—for inclusion in the study. Computed tomography scans performed before and after TEVAR were evaluated. Maximum thoracic and abdominal aortic diameters and diameters of the true lumen and false lumen at the level of the maximum aortic diameter in the thorax and abdomen were analyzed as well as degree of thrombosis of the false lumen.ResultsThere was an overall significant reduction of the thoracic aortic diameter, increased true lumen diameter, and reduced false lumen diameter (P < .05). Total thrombosis of the false lumen, with or without reintervention, was seen in 53% of all patients, in 41% primarily and in 12% after reintervention. The IIIa group had a higher degree of total false lumen thrombosis. All patients in the IIIb group had total thrombosis of the false lumen along the stent graft.ConclusionsLong-term follow-up showed favorable aortic remodeling after TEVAR for acute complicated type B aortic dissection. Total thrombosis of the false lumen occurred more often in patients with DeBakey IIIa aortic dissection compared with patients with DeBakey IIIb aortic dissection.