手助腹腔镜与传统开腹直肠癌根治术的对比研究

目的通过手助腹腔镜与开腹下直肠癌根治术的对比研究,评估手助腹腔镜在直肠癌根治手术中应用的优劣。 方法对本院103例接受手助腹腔镜和开腹手术的直肠癌患者的基本临床资料、手术切口、术中出血、手术时间、术后恢复、病理结果、近期疗效等进行分析。 结果两组患者的基本临床资料无统计学差异,手助腹腔镜组的手术切口长度、手术出血量、术后住院天数、术后镇痛、术后排气时间等方面明显优于开腹组,两组在手术时间、术后并发症发生率等方面无统计学差异。术后两组患者平均随访26个月,各自出现2例远处转移及复发,无切口种植情况。 结论手助腹腔镜直肠癌根治术是安全的微创手术方式,都具有住院时间短、进食及肠道恢复快,疼痛减轻,出血量较少,手术彻底性良好的特点。     

手助腹腔镜与全腹腔镜外科治疗结直肠癌的对比研究

目的比较手助腹腔镜与全腹腔镜在外科治疗结直肠癌中的近期疗效,另外对手辅助腹腔镜外科治疗结直肠癌的安全性做出评估。 方法选取2011年11月至2014年4月哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院结直肠肿瘤外科的79例结直肠癌患者,其中接受腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术者41例,接受手辅助腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术者38例。根据2种术式分为全腹腔镜组（LAC组）和手助腹腔镜组（HALS组）。通过回顾性分析,比较2组患者的一般资料包括年龄、性别、肿瘤位置、肿瘤病理类型、分期、ASA分级、BMI指数等;手术资料包括手术时间、麻醉时间、术中出血量、中转开腹率、取标本切口长度、Trocar数目等;术后资料包括术后第一次排气时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、术后并发症情况等。 结果HALS组和LAC组两组手术时间、麻醉时间、术中出血量、Trocar使用数目、取标本切口长度、术后首次排气时间存在差异（P<0.05）;术后住院时间、住院费用、术后并发症差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论手辅助腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术与全腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术相比具有手术时间短、创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,是一种安全有效,可靠的技术。     

老年直肠癌患者行腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术的近远期疗效对比

目的对比腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术用于老年直肠癌患者的近远期疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析施行51例行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术（腹腔镜组）、67例行开腹直肠癌根治术患者（开腹组）的手术情况、近远期疗效指标及并发症发生情况等。结果腹腔镜组手术时间显著长于开腹组、术中出血量显著少于开腹组,术后排气时间、术后进食固体饮食时间、术后留置导尿管时间显著短于开腹组,近期并发症发生率显著低于开腹组（P均〈0．05）;两组清除淋巴结个数及5年累计生存率、局部复发率、远处转移率、切口种植率、切口疝发生率均无显著差异。结论腹腔镜直肠癌根治术可获得与开腹直肠癌根治术相似的近期疗效及远期疗效,并具有术中出血量少、术后恢复快及近远期并发症发生率低等优点。     

腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术在老年患者中的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术在老年结直肠癌患者中的应用优势.方法 27例70岁以上结直肠癌患者,行传统开腹结直肠癌根治术者15例（A组）,行腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术者12例（B组）.分别从手术时间与出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间及住院时间等方面对两组进行对比分析.结果 与A组比较,B组手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后住院天数少、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间短（P均＜0.05）.结论 腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术应用于老年直肠癌,能预防和降低并发症的发生率,缩短住院时间,提高患者生活质量.     

新辅助放化疗后行腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗直肠癌的价值及对并发症发生率的影响

目的探究新辅助放化疗后行腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗直肠癌的效果及对并发症发生情况的影响。方法将我院接收的100例直肠癌术前均实行新辅助放化疗患者作为研究对象,回顾性分析采用不同治疗方式的两组患者资料,每组50例,对照组行开腹直肠癌根治术,实验组行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术。对两组手术资料进行对比分析,比较两组术中术后2周内并发症发生情况。结果两组患者手术时间比较,无明显差异(P0.05);实验组术中出血量明显低于对照组,淋巴结清扫数目明显高于对照组,组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组术后住院时间及排气时间明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术中并发症发生情况比较无明显差异(P0.05);术后实验组并发症发生率为6.00%,明显低于对照组的30.00%,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论新辅助放化疗后,行腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌患者,虽术中并发症发生情况与开腹手术治疗并无差异,但其术后并发症发生率较小。     

经腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的疗效及对胃肠功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的疗效及对结直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能的影响。方法选择136例结直肠癌手术患者为研究对象,依据手术方式不同分为腹腔镜组和传统开腹组各68例,观察两组患者术后胃肠功能恢复情况及治疗效果。结果腹腔镜组患者手术时间明显长于开腹组;术中出血量、术后住院时间明显低于开腹组;肛门排气时间、流质饮食时间、固体饮食时间明显短于开腹组;胃动素明显高于传统开腹组。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术有利于减少术中出血量,促进术后胃肠功能恢复,提高治疗效果。     

开腹术与腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌对其手术情况、术后恢复及复发转移的对比研究

目的临床比较开腹术与腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌患者的手术情况、术后恢复及复发转移率。方法纳入2014年3月至2016年3月在广州军区广州总医院接受手术治疗的400例结直肠癌患者,随机分为腹腔镜组与开腹组,各200例。开腹组患者行传统开腹手术治疗,腹腔镜组患者行腹腔镜手术治疗。观察两组患者手术的一般情况、术后恢复情况及随访1年的复发与转移情况。结果两组患者经不同术式治疗后,腹腔镜组术中出血量明显少于开腹组(P0.001),腹腔镜组切口长度明显短于开腹组(P0.001),但腹腔镜组手术时间明显长于开腹组(P0.001),而两组淋巴结清扫数量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组下床活动时间、肠鸣音恢复时间明显早于开腹组(P均0.001),且住院时间明显短于开腹组(P0.001)。两组脱落肿瘤细胞阳性率、复发率与转移率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论腹腔镜术治疗结直肠癌较传统开腹术具有出血量少、创伤小,术后恢复快,且与开统开腹术治疗效果相当,不会增加远期转移复发率等优点,因此临床应用价值更高。     

腹腔镜、传统开腹直肠癌根治术疗效对比观察

目的 比较腹腔镜与传统开腹手术治疗直肠癌的临床疗效.方法 134例直肠癌(肿块直径＜6 cm;排除远处转移)患者,按意愿分为腹腔镜组(64例)和开腹组(70例),分别行腹腔镜根治术及传统开腹根治术.对两组手术效果进行比较.结果 腹腔镜组、开腹组清扫淋巴结数目及直肠远切端距肿瘤下缘的距离无统计学差异.腹腔镜组、手术时间明显短于开腹组,术中出血量明显少于开腹组,术后肠道功能恢复明显早于开腹组,并发症发生率明显低于开腹组,术后住院时间明显短于开腹组;但住院费用明显高于开腹组.两组上述指标比较,P均＜0.05.结论 腹腔镜直肠癌根治术安全、有效,与传统开腹手术比较,具有术中出血少、患者创伤小、术后恢复快及并发症发生率低等优势.     

腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜括约肌间切除治疗超低位直肠癌的临床疗效观察

目的观察腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜括约肌间切除治疗超低位直肠癌的临床疗效。方法选取该院2016-06～2018-06收治的超低位直肠癌患者37例,依据所采取的手术方式的不同分为腹腔镜手术组20例,开腹手术组17例。腹腔镜手术组患者行腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜括约肌间切除术,开腹手术组患者行传统开腹手术治疗。比较两组患者手术时间、术中失血量、术后排气时间、首次进流质时间、术后住院时间以及淋巴结清扫数目。结果腹腔镜手术组手术时间比开腹手术组延长(P 0. 05),术中失血量、术后排气时间、首次进流质时间、术后住院时间均少于或短于开腹手术组(P 0. 05)。两组患者淋巴结清扫的数目差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。腹腔镜手术组和开腹手术组手术并发症发生率分别为5. 00%和29. 41%,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜括约肌间切除治疗超低位直肠癌安全可行,并且具有出血量少、术后康复快等微创优势,清扫淋巴结数目和开腹手术相当,符合肿瘤根治原则,近期疗效肯定。     

老年中低位直肠癌患者手助腹腔镜与开腹直肠癌根治术的疗效比较

目的探讨手助腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术在老年中低位直肠癌患者治疗中的疗效。方法 2012年6月至2013年12月行手助腹腔镜及开腹全直肠系膜切除术治疗的老年中低位直肠癌患者80例,应用手助腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除术治疗41例(腹腔镜组),常规开腹全直肠系膜切除术治疗39例(开腹组);对两组患者的手术学指标进行统计分析与评价。结果两组患者均顺利完成保肛手术,且无术中死亡病例,腹腔镜组无中转开腹者。腹腔镜组患者术中出血量及术后排气时间均少于开腹组(P0.05),而手术时间、淋巴结清扫个数及术后并发症比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论手助腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术可以达到与传统开腹全直肠系膜切除术相同的疗效,相比传统开腹及全腹腔镜直肠癌根治术,手助腹腔镜直肠癌根治术在一定程度上更适合老年患者。     

Laparoskopische Operationen bei Rektumkarzinomen

Purpose

A number of minimally invasive techniques have now been described for rectal cancer resection. However, current outcome data for these approaches from high-volume single institutions remain limited. Our aim was to review outcomes in patients currently undergoing minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer at our institution.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed to assess short-term benefits and oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer between 2004 and 2007.

Results

A total of 100 consecutive patients (61 men, median age 62) with a median follow-up of 1.8?years were identified. Of these, 67 underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) and 33 laparoscopic-assisted (LA) procedures. In all, 72 patients underwent anterior resection, 27 abdominal perineal resection, and one total proctocolectomy. Tumor stages were stage 1 (21%), stage 2 (17%), stage 3 (56%), and stage 4 (6%). A median of 16 lymph nodes were removed, while both a median distal margin of 3.4?cm and a 99% negative circumferential margin were achieved. The 3-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 86.2 and 94.5%, respectively. Three cases required conversion. Median time to both food intake and first bowel movement was 3?days, while the median length of stay was 5?days. Length of stay, time to soft diet, incision length, and pain scores were less using an LA approach compared to HALS (P<0.01). Overall morbidity was 26% with no mortality.

Conclusions

Both minimally invasive techniques used achieved excellent oncologic results in patients with rectal cancer. The LA approach had slightly better short-term outcomes.     

Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with natural orifice specimen extraction

AIM:To introduce transvaginal or transanal specimen extraction in laparoscopic total mesorectal excision surgery to avoid an abdominal incision. METHODS:Between January 2009 and December 2011,21 patients with rectal cancer underwent laparoscopic radical resection and the specimen was retrieved by two different ways:transvaginal or transanal rectal removal.Transvaginal specimen extraction approach was strictly limited to elderly post-menopausal women who need hysterectomy.Patients aged between 30 and 80 years,with a body mass index of less than 30 kg/m2, underwent elective surgery.The surgical technique and the outcomes related to the specimen extraction,such as duration of surgery,length of hospital stay,and the complications were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS:Laparoscopic resection using a natural orifice removal approach was successful in all of the 21 patients.Median operating time was 185 min(range,122-260 min)and the estimated blood loss was 48 mL. The mean length of hospital stay was 7.5 d(range,2-11 d).One patient developed postoperative ileus and had an extended hospital stay.The patient complained of minimal pain.There were no postoperative complications or surgery-associated death.The mean size of the lesion was 2.8 cm(range,1.8-6.0 cm),and the mean number of lymph nodes harvested was 18.7(range, 8-27).At a mean follow-up of 20.6 mo(range,10-37 mo),there were no functional disorders associated with the transvaginal and transanal specimen extraction. CONCLUSION:Transvaginal or transanal extraction in L-TME is a safe and effective procedure.Natural orifice specimen extraction can avoid the abdominal wall incision and its potential complications.     

Safety and feasibility of laparoscopic liver resection in patients with a history of abdominal surgeries

BackgroundLaparoscopic techniques have become the standard approach for most liver resections. Clinical studies providing conclusive evidence which patients benefit most from minimal-invasive surgery remain limited.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data of all consecutive cases of laparoscopic liver resection between 2015 and 2018 at our center. We compared patients with and without prior abdominal surgeries with respect to postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo score), length of operation, length of ICU stay and length of hospitalization in univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsWithin the study period 319 patients underwent laparoscopic liver resections, 44% of which had a history of abdominal surgeries. Pre-operative characteristics were similar to patients without prior surgeries. Both groups showed comparable rates of post-operative complications (Clavien-Dindo score ≥3a; 12% in patients without vs. 16% with prior surgeries, p = 0,322). There were no significant differences in length of surgery or length of stay in the ICU or in the hospital.ConclusionOur data suggest that history of prior abdominal surgery is not a risk factor for post-operative complications after laparoscopic liver resection. We conclude that prior abdominal surgery should not be considered a contra-indication for laparoscopic approach in liver resection.     

腹部弧形切口行乙状结肠、直肠肿瘤切除术45例分析

目的探讨腹部弧形切口行乙状结肠、直肠肿瘤手术治疗中的应用价值。 方法回顾性分析齐齐哈尔市第一医院肿瘤外科2014年7月至2016年6月间45例行腹部弧形切口乙状结肠、直肠肿瘤治疗患者的临床资料。 结果45例患者均行腹部弧形切口并顺利完成手术,无副损伤出现,中位术后镇痛时间1.8天,中位排气时间3.2天,中位淋巴结清扫数14枚,中位切口长度11 cm,手术时间、出血量及并发症、住院时间与以往的传统手术相比并无明显增加。 结论腹部弧形切口能够有效完成乙状结肠、直肠肿瘤手术,具有手术切口隐蔽、美观、术后疼痛感轻的优点、符合快速康复外科及美容外科的理念,并且手术操作较简单便于基层医院开展,而手术风险及并发症并未增加。因此腹部弧形切口值得在临床中推广应用。     

Influence of the neo-adjuvant radiochemotherapy as a factor in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer by expert surgeon. A comparative study

Background and aims Total mesorectal excision and surgeon experience are prognostic factors in rectal cancer surgery, in terms of local recurrence and conservative sphincter surgery. Pre-operative radiation-chemotherapy can even improve those results. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of pre-operative radiation therapy (PRT) on the results of surgical treatment for rectal cancer comparing two consecutive series of patients operated on by surgeons with experience in rectal cancer surgery according to whether they had received PRT. Materials and methods Retrospective review of 118 patients with rectal cancer, divided into two groups: group I, 57 patients without pre-operative radiation-chemotherapy, and group II, 61 patients with rectal cancer who received pre-operative radiation-chemotherapy. Both groups were homogeneous. The short-term results (surgical technique, post-operative stay, post-operative complications) and long-term results (local recurrences, liver metastases and both overall and tumour-related survival) were analysed. Results The rate of anterior resection in the lower third was significantly higher (p = 0.037) in group II than in group I (56 vs 23%), the rate of abdominoperineal resection in the middle third was significantly lower (p = 0.046) in group II (3.5 vs 21%). The incidence of post-operative complications was similar in both groups, but the rate of anastomotic leaks was higher in group II. The local recurrences was lower in group II (p = 0.002), but the disease free survival and the overall survival was similar in both groups. At the multivariate analysis, the only prognostic factor for the local recurrence was the use of pre-operative radiation-chemotherapy. Conclusion Besides surgeon experience and total mesorectal excision, a very important prognostic factor is the administration of pre-operative radiation-chemotherapy in cases of locally advanced rectal cancer, as it does not increase post-operative morbidity and mortality and significantly influences the rate of local recurrences and the conservative sphincter surgery.     

NOSES手术在直肠癌ERAS治疗中的应用

目的研究快速康复外科（ERAS）理念指导下经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSES）治疗直肠癌的临床效果。 方法选取本中心在ERAS理念指导下的25例行NOSES直肠癌根治术患者作为研究对象（NOSES-ERAS组）,选取同期在传统理念指导下行全腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者30例作为对照组,评价手术时长、失血量、切口长度、淋巴结清扫数目及切口并发症和下肢静脉栓塞和坠积性肺炎等术后并发症发生率,采用数字分级法NRS方法评价术后疼痛感,SPSS 13.0软件统计分析比较两组之间差异。 结果实施NOSES直肠癌根治术的ERAS组与对照组比较在淋巴结清扫数目、手术时长、失血量、术后吻合口漏等方面差异均无统计学意义;NOSES-ERAS组切口相关并发症总发生率为低于对照组发生率（χ²=4.101,P<0.05）;NOSES-ERAS组患者术后离床活动时间及平均住院时间均短于对照组（χ²=-11.179,-3.434,P<0.05）;NOSES-ERAS组切口的切口长度短于对照组（t=-42.798,P<0.01）,NOSES-ERAS组术后疼痛感NRS评分轻于对照组（t=-26.525,P<0.05）,差异均有统计学意义。 结论ERAS理念指导下的NOSES直肠癌根治术进一步优化了全腹腔镜直肠癌手术的微创化、美容化、功能化、个体化治疗的效果,NOSES直肠癌根治术与ERAS相结合具有更大的优势,值得推广开展,具有良好的应用前景。     

Vertical transumbilical incision versus left lower transverse incision for specimen retrieval during laparoscopic colorectal surgery

Background

This study compared the short-term surgical outcomes of the vertical transumbilical incision with the left lower transverse incision for specimen retrieval in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods

One hundred forty-seven consecutive patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid colon and rectal cancer between April 2010 and December 2010 were classified into one of the two groups according to the site of the minilaparotomy: a transumbilical incision group (n = 92) and a left lower transverse incision group (n = 55).

Results

Demographic data, operation time, estimated blood loss, frequency of transfusion, size of the tumor, number of harvested lymph nodes, distal resection margins, time to first flatus, and length of hospital stay were similar between the two groups. Postoperative pain scores were also similar between the two groups. The length of the minilaparotomy incision was shorter in the transumbilical group than the left lower transverse group at operation (mean, 4.6 vs. 6.2 cm, p = 0.000). The postoperative mean satisfaction score was higher in the transumbilical group, but this was not statistically significant (7.6 vs. 7.1, p = 0.224). Fourteen patients in the transumbilical group and 7 patients in the left lower transverse group developed wound-related complications (p = 0.810), including two cases of incisional hernia, both in the transumbilical group. High body mass index (≥25 kg/m²) and longer operative time (≥180 min) were risk factors for wound complications on univariate analysis.

Conclusions

Transumbilical minilaparotomy in laparoscopic colorectal surgery is a good alternative approach with acceptable wound complications.     

Re-establish pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid resection?

PURPOSE: Operating room time and anastomosis-related morbidity of laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid resection with anastomosis performed in an open fashion through a horizontal suprapubic incision or laparoscopically after re-establishing pneumoperitoneum were compared. METHODS: A randomized trial was performed on patients with recurrent uncomplicated diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon during a 14-month period. Inclusion criteria were persistence of symptoms despite medical treatment and two previous admissions. Exclusion criteria included complicated diverticulitis, suspected cancer, and previous extensive abdominal surgery. Because skin incisions were similar and patients were randomly assigned in the operating room, the trial was performed as double blind. RESULTS: There were no deaths. Two patients were excluded before randomization. Three patients were not treated as allocated because of conversion to open surgery. Aside from previous abdominal-surgery rates, 16 patients with laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid resections after re-establishing pneumoperitoneum and 15 patients with laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid resections with anastomosis performed in an open fashion through a horizontal suprapubic incision were well-matched for age, gender, weight, American Society of Anesthesiology class, previous admissions, skin-incision length, size of circular stapler, and mobilization of splenic flexure. There were no significant differences in morbidity rates (3/16 vs. 3/15), complete doughnuts (16/16 vs. 15/15), blood loss (300 vs. 200 ml), flatus (4 vs. 4 days), solid-food resumption (5 vs. 6 days), stay (8.5 vs. 9 days) in laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid resection after re-establishing pneumoperitoneum and laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid resection with anastomosis performed in an open fashion through a horizontal suprapubic incision groups, respectively. Patients with laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid resection after re-establishing pneumoperitoneum had statistically longer operating room time (295 vs. 190 minutes; P < 0.01). Median follow-up was 12 and 10 months in 10 patients with laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid resection after re-establishing pneumoperitoneum and 11 patients with laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid resection with anastomosis performed in an open fashion through a horizontal suprapubic incision, respectively. One patient with laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid resection with anastomosis performed in an open fashion through a horizontal suprapubic incision had an anastomotic stenosis endoscopically dilated. CONCLUSIONS: Nonrestoration of pneumoperitoneum after laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid resection allows a decrease in operating room time and a similar outcome.     

Laparoscopy for ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation and revision surgery

Ventriculoperitoneal shunting(VPS) is a widely accepted technique for the treatment of hydrocephalus. The probability of shunt dysfunction is pretty high throughout life. Laparoscopy has become a valuable tool to perform VPS and treat abdominal complications. An electronic literature search was performed to reveal the published data relating laparoscopy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt in Medline, Embase, Scielo and Lilacs databases. The keywords employed were "laparoscopy" OR "laparoscopic surgery" AND "ventriculoperitoneal shunt" OR "shunt" AND "surgery" OR "implantation" OR "revision" OR "complication". No high quality trials were developed comparing conventional laparotomic incision vs laparoscopic approach. Both approaches have evolved and currently there are less invasive options for laparotomy, like periumbilical small incisions; and for laparoscopy, like smaller and less incisions. Operating room time, blood loss and hospital stay may be potentially smaller in laparoscopic surgery and complications are probably the same as laparotomy. In revision surgery for abdominal complications after VPS,visualization of whole abdominal cavity is fundamental to address properly the problem and laparoscopic approach is valuable once it is safe, fast and much less invasive than laparotomy. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting is a widely accepted technique for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Laparoscopy assisted shunt surgery in selected cases might be a less invasive and more effective option for intrabdominal manipulation. The laparoscopic approach allows a better catheter positioning, lysis of fibrotic bundles and peritoneal inspection as well, without any additional complication.