Determination of the presence and extent of pure ductal carcinoma in situ by mammography and magnetic resonance imaging

The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography to determine the presence and extent of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Retrospective review of medical records of women who underwent MRI and mammographic examination during a 23-month period revealed 39 sites of pure DCIS in 33 breasts of 32 women. No invasive or microinvasive tumor was found. Women ranged in age from 34 to 79 years (mean age 53 years). In these 33 breasts, both MRI and mammography were done before surgery. Reports and images of mammography and MRI were reviewed to determine if each study was positive for the presence of single or multiple sites of DCIS and the imaging patterns associated with these sites. Of 33 breasts involved, DCIS was discovered by MRI alone in 21 (64%), by both MRI and mammography in 8 (24%), and by mammography alone in 1 (3%); in 3 breasts (9%), DCIS was found at mastectomy without findings on mammography or MRI. MRI had significantly higher sensitivity than mammography for DCIS detection (29/33=88% versus 9/33=27%, p<0.00001). Multiple sites of disease were present in five breasts; these were better demonstrated with MRI in three, mammography in one, and equally by both in one. The predominant enhancement pattern of DCIS on MRI was linear/ductal in 18 of 29 breasts (62%); mammography found calcifications associated with DCIS in 8 of 9 (89%). The nuclear grade of DCIS found with MRI and mammography was similar; size of lesions was larger on MRI; breast density did not impact results. In this study, MRI was significantly more sensitive than mammography in DCIS detection. In women with known or suspected DCIS, MRI may have an important role to play in assessing the extent of disease in the breast.     

High frequency of coexistence of columnar cell lesions, lobular neoplasia, and low grade ductal carcinoma in situ with invasive tubular carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma

This study was undertaken to determine the morphologic features and frequency of putative precursor lesions involved in the development of some pure forms of special types and low grade breast carcinoma. We reviewed 147 successive tumor cases, comprising tubular carcinoma (TC); pure type (n=56) and mixed type (n=20), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC); classic type (n=57), and tubulolobular carcinoma (TLC; n=14). The presence of preinvasive lesions including columnar cell lesions (CCLs), usual epithelial hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and lobular neoplasia (LN) was determined. Estrogen receptor and E-cadherin immunohistochemistry was performed. Ninety-five percent (95%) of pure TCs had associated CCLs with the majority showing flat epithelial atypia. Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)/DCIS was present in 89% patients. Colocalization of CCL, ADH/DCIS, and TC was seen in 85% patients, all displaying the same cytologic-nuclear morphology in most cases. LN was seen in 16%. In ILC, 91% cases showed LN. CCL and ADH/DCIS were seen in 60% and 42% cases, respectively. E-cadherin was positive in TLC but reduced in TC and completely absent in ILC. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that CCLs are associated with pure and mixed forms of TC, and that LN is involved in ILC development. Our observations suggest that these lesions represent family members of low grade precursor, in situ and invasive neoplastic lesions of the breast. Molecular studies are being performed to substantiate the hypothesis that tubular and lobular carcinomas have direct evolutionary links to CCLs and flat epithelial atypia.     

Rates of reexcision for breast cancer after magnetic resonance imaging-guided bracket wire localization

BACKGROUND: We performed this study to determine rates of close or transected cancer margins after magnetic resonance imaging-guided bracket wire localization for nonpalpable breast lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Of 243 women undergoing MRI-guided wire localizations, 26 had MRI bracket wire localization to excise either a known cancer (n = 19) or a suspicious MRI-detected lesion (n = 7). We reviewed patient age, preoperative diagnosis, operative intent, mammographic breast density, MRI lesion size, MRI enhancement curve and morphology, MRI Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessment code, number of bracket wires, and pathology size. We analyzed these findings for their relationship to obtaining clear margins at first operative excision. RESULTS: Twenty-one of 26 (81%) patients had cancer. Of 21 patients with cancer, 12 (57%) had negative margins at first excision and 9 (43%) had close/transected margins. MRI size > or = 4 cm was associated with a higher reexcision rate (7 of 9, 78%) than those < 4 cm (2 of 12, 17%) (p = 0.009). MRI BI-RADS score, enhancement curve, morphology, and preoperative core biopsy demonstrating ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were not predictive of reexcision. The average number of wires used for bracketing increased with lesion size, but was not associated with improved outcomes. On pathology, cancer size was smaller in patients with negative margins (12 patients, 1.2 cm) than in those with close/transected margins (9 patients, 4.6 cm) (p < 0.001). Reexcision was based on close/transected margins involving DCIS alone (6, 67%), infiltrating ductal carcinoma and DCIS (2, 22%), or infiltrating ductal carcinoma alone (1, 11%). Reexcision pathology demonstrated DCIS (3, 33%), no residual cancer (5, 55%), and 1 patient was lost to followup (1, 11%). Interestingly, cancer patients who required reexcision were younger (p = 0.022), but breast density was not associated with reexcision. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of MRI-guided bracket wire localization. Patients with MRI-detected lesions less than 4 cm had clear margins at first excision; larger MRI-detected lesions were more likely to have close/transected margins. Reexcision was often because of DCIS and was the only pathology found at reexcision, perhaps because MRI is more sensitive for detecting invasive carcinoma than DCIS.     

Role of Preoperative Breast MRI in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ for Prediction of the Presence and Assessment of the Extent of Occult Invasive Component

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a common neoplasm that may be associated with focal invasive breast cancer lesions. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining occult invasive presence and disease extent in patients with preoperative diagnosis of pure DCIS. We analyzed 125 patients with postoperative pure DCIS (n = 91) and DCIS plus invasive component (n = 34). Diagnostic mammography (MRX) showed a size underestimation rate of 30.4% while MRI showed an overestimation rate of 28.6%. Comparing the mean absolute error between preoperative MRI and MRX evaluations and final disease extent, MRI showed an improved accuracy of 51.2%. In our analysis preoperative breast MRI showed a better accuracy in predicting postoperative pathologic extent of disease, adding strength to the growing evidences that preoperative MRI can lead to a more appropriate management of DCIS patients.     

Features of Occult Invasion in Biopsy‐Proven DCIS at Breast MRI

The purpose of this study is to determine if MRI BI‐RADS criteria or radiologist perception correlate with presence of invasive cancer after initial core biopsy of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Retrospective search spanning 2000–2007 identified all core‐biopsy diagnoses of pure DCIS that coincided with preoperative MRI. Two radiologists fellowship‐trained in breast imaging categorized lesions according to ACR MRI BI‐RADS lexicon and estimated likelihood of occult invasion. Semiquantitative signal enhancement ratio (SER) kinetic analysis was also performed. Results were compared with histopathology. 51 consecutive patients with primary core biopsy‐proven DCIS and concurrent MRI were identified. Of these, 13 patients (25%) had invasion at excision. Invasion correlated significantly with presence of a mass for both readers (p = 0.012 and 0.001), rapid initial enhancement for Reader 1 (p = 0.001), and washout kinetics for Reader 2 (p = 0.012). Significant correlation between washout and invasion was confirmed by SER (p = 0.006) when threshold percent enhancement was sufficiently high (130%), corresponding to rapidly enhancing portions of the lesion. Radiologist perception of occult invasion was strongly correlated with true presence of invasion. These results provide evidence that certain BI‐RADS MRI criteria, as well as radiologist perception, correlate with occult invasion after an initial core biopsy of DCIS.     

Preoperative MRI of pure intraductal breast carcinoma--a valuable adjunct to mammography in assessing cancer extent

The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRM) as an adjunct to mammography in assessing extent of pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to relate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings to histopathological features. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 86 histologically proven cases of pure DCIS of the breast. Two experienced radiologists with knowledge of clinical and histopathological findings at the time of the review evaluated mammographic and preoperative MRI results by consensus. Compared to histopathology, mammography or MRM alone underestimated DCIS extent in 18.6% and 31.4% of cases, respectively. When both imaging modalities were considered, DCIS extent was underestimated in 8% of cases. Combined use of mammography and MRM revealed good agreement with histopathology to assess DCIS extent (kappa=0.439; P<0.001). MR enhancement of DCIS was related to histologic size (P=0.011). Mammography is more accurate than MRM in assessing cancer extent of pure DCIS, but combined use of both imaging techniques leads to improved accuracy.     

Biologic significance of false-positive magnetic resonance imaging enhancement in the setting of ductal carcinoma in situ

BACKGROUND: Imaging patterns of benign proliferative processes often complicate the assessment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated the pathologic and biologic characteristics of false positive enhancement by breast MRI. METHODS: DCIS (n = 45), benign (n = 5), and false-positive (MRI enhancement and nonmalignant pathology) (n = 10) cases were characterized by immunohistochemistry and MRI features. RESULTS: For DCIS cases, images that overestimated pathologic size had heterogeneous enhancement on MR, were estrogen receptor positive, and were low grade by pathology. False-positives had higher rates of proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammation compared with benign tissue but lower values than DCIS. Benign proliferative processes accounted for all false-positive and size overestimated cases. CONCLUSIONS: Lesions that enhance on MRI have higher proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammation compared with nonproliferative breast tissue. Benign proliferative processes often enhance on MRI and are difficult to differentiate from low-grade, ER+ DCIS lesions. False-positive MRI enhancement may reflect a spectrum of change within high-risk tissue.     

乳腺导管原位癌的MRI特点分析

目的:分析乳腺导管原位癌的影像学表现及MRI的诊断价值,以进一步提高对乳腺导管原位癌的影像学认识。材料和方法:回顾性分析18例经病理证实为乳腺导管原位癌病人的临床资料,研究其乳腺磁共振图像的形态学特点、动态增强方式及扩散加权成像特点。结果:18例导管原位癌的形态学表现及增强方式大体可分为两类。一类是非肿块型13例(72.2%),包括不规则片状6例和段状改变7例,其时间-信号强度曲线呈Ⅱ型者12例,Ⅲ型者1例;另一类表现为肿块型,5例(27.8%),时间-信号强度曲线呈Ⅰ型者1例,Ⅱ型者2例,Ⅲ型者2例。弥散加权成像发现病灶15例,检出率达83.3%,表面扩散系数(ADC)1.30×10-3mm2/s有10例。结论:乳腺导管原位癌MR图像上多表现为非肿块的段状分布及片状分布的异常强化,少数也可表现为肿块型改变,弥散加权成像在定性诊断上能起重要的辅助作用。     

Factors Associated with Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Use among Medicare Beneficiaries with Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer

Preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use among Medicare beneficiaries with breast cancer has substantially increased from 2005 to 2009. We sought to identify factors associated with preoperative breast MRI use among women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or stage I–III invasive breast cancer (IBC). Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Medicare data from 2005 to 2009 we identified women ages 66 and older with DCIS or stage I–III IBC who underwent breast‐conserving surgery or mastectomy. We compared preoperative breast MRI use by patient, tumor and hospital characteristics stratified by DCIS and IBC using multivariable logistic regression. From 2005 to 2009, preoperative breast MRI use increased from 5.9% to 22.4% of women diagnosed with DCIS and 7.0% to 24.3% of women diagnosed with IBC. Preoperative breast MRI use was more common among women who were younger, married, lived in higher median income zip codes and had no comorbidities. Among women with IBC, those with lobular disease, smaller tumors (<1 cm) and those with estrogen receptor negative tumors were more likely to receive preoperative breast MRI. Women with DCIS were more likely to receive preoperative MRI if tumors were larger (>2 cm). The likelihood of receiving preoperative breast MRI is similar for women diagnosed with DCIS and IBC. Use of MRI is more common in women with IBC for tumors that are lobular and smaller while for DCIS MRI is used for evaluation of larger lesions.     

Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI Reveals the Extent and the Microvascular Pattern of Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

To report the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing the extent of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). To assess whether the microvascularity pattern in DCIS correlates with magnetic resonance enhancement. Eighty‐five histologically proven DCIS (77 pure DCIS, eight microinvasive DCIS) were prospectively studied with MRI. The morphology of magnetic resonance enhancement and the kinetic curve was recorded. Histopathologically, intraductal lesions were classified according to Van Nuys score. Tumor microvascularity was immunohistochemically assessed in a subset of 24 DCIS evaluating the number of microvessels, microvascularity area, and microvascularity pattern (diffuse or periductal). On the mammogram, 74% of DCIS appeared as microcalcifications. On MRI, 70% of DCIS showed enhancement. Non‐mass‐like uptake was observed in 78% of cases. The mean size of nonenhancing carcinomas was significantly lower than that of enhancing carcinomas (p = 0.033). The diffuse pattern was more frequent than the periductal pattern. A significant relationship between the morphology of MR enhancement and the microvascularity pattern was observed (p = 0.036); thus, 90% of DCIS showing segmental enhancement on MRI displayed a diffuse pattern while all DCIS with ductal enhancement showed a periductal pattern. There was a significant relationship between the maximum area of microvascularity and the vascular pattern (p = 0.015); periductal patterns showed larger areas than diffuse patterns. The lesion size was significantly larger as the Van Nuys score increased (p < 0.001) and was also related to the number of microvessels (p = 0.012). The mean area of microvascularity of DCIS was significantly larger as the Van Nuys score increased (p = 0.02). Breast MRI helps depict the extent of DCIS and reveals its microvascular pattern.     

Improvement in DCIS detection rates by MRI over time in a high-risk breast screening study

Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is much more sensitive than mammography for detecting early invasive breast cancer, in many high-risk screening studies MRI was less sensitive than mammography for detecting ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). We reviewed our experience detecting DCIS in our single center study of annual MRI, mammography, ultrasound and clinical breast examination (CBE) for screening very high-risk women. All cases of DCIS±microinvasion and invasive cancer were compared in two time frames: before (period A) and after (period B) July 2001-when we acquired expertise in the detection of DCIS with MRI-with respect to patient demographics, method of detection, and rates of detection of invasive cancer and DCIS. In period A there were 15 cases (3.1% of 486 screens) in 223 women, of which 2 (13%) were DCIS-one with microinvasion-neither detected by MRI. In period B there were 29 cases (3.3% of 877 screens) in 391 women, of which 10 (34%) were DCIS±microinvasion (p=0.04), all 10 detected by MRI but only one by mammography. No DCIS cases were detected by ultrasound or CBE. Specificity was lower in period B than in period A but acceptable. The ability to detect DCIS with screening MRI improves significantly with experience. MRI-guided biopsy capability is essential for a high-risk screening program. In experienced centers the increased sensitivity of MRI relative to mammography is at least as high for DCIS as it is for invasive breast cancer.     

Reliability of histologic diagnosis of breast cancer with stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of 11-gauge stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (SVAB) for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Percutaneous biopsies of 426 suspicious breast lesions in 365 patients using 11-gauge SVAB were performed between September 1996 and June 1998. Of these biopsies 59 (13.8%) resulted in a diagnosis of breast carcinoma and 56 (95%) were surgically excised. These 56 lesions constitute the basis of this study. Pathology of SVAB and surgically excised tissue of the 56 carcinomas as well as imaging findings were correlated. At percutaneous biopsy 34 (61%) lesions demonstrated ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 22 (39%) invasive carcinomas. Surgical excision demonstrated the presence of an invasive cancer in three lesions percutaneously diagnosed as DCIS (9%; confidence interval 2-24%). No residual carcinoma was surgically demonstrated in seven (12.5%) lesions. Sensitivity of 11-gauge SVAB for the diagnosis of invasion in breast cancer was 88 per cent. Using SVAB the diagnosis of invasive carcinoma is reliable. However, a percutaneous finding of DCIS does not exclude the presence of invasion in 9 per cent of cases as confirmed by subsequent surgery. Using SVAB 12.5% of carcinomas are completely excised.     

The impact of MRI on the treatment of DCIS

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to detect occult invasive breast cancers with a sensitivity of 97 per cent to 100 per cent. Mammography and ultrasonography does not accurately assess the extent of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which results in a high reoperation rate. Breast MRI can improve the surgical planning in women with DCIS, improving the adequacy of initial treatment while reducing reoperation. We examined 54 patients with predominantly DCIS (> 50%) who underwent breast MRI from January 2003 to November 2004. MRI altered the surgical management in 14 (26%) patients: unilateral changed to bilateral mastectomy (5); lumpectomy or reexcision to mastectomy (3); unilateral lumpectomy or mastectomy had additional biopsies for lesions detected by MRI in the ipsilateral or contralateral breast (6). There were 8 true-positives and 7 false-positives: sensitivity 86 per cent, positive predictive value 84 per cent. MRI changed the surgical management to more appropriate therapy in 15 per cent of patients avoiding additional surgery, while 11 per cent underwent negative surgical interventions. Breast MRI is a sensitive diagnostic imaging tool in patients with DCIS. However, any suspicious finding should be biopsied before a definitive operation is planned.     

Finding the balance between over- and under-treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

With the widespread adoption of population-based breast cancer screening, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has come to represent 20–25% of all breast neoplastic lesions diagnosed. Current treatment aims at preventing invasive breast cancer, but the majority of DCIS lesions will never progress to invasive disease. Still, DCIS is treated by surgical excision, followed by radiotherapy as part of breast conserving treatment, and/or endocrine therapy. This implies over-treatment of the majority of DCIS, as less than 1% of DCIS patients will go on to develop invasive breast cancer annually. If we are able to identify which DCIS is likely to progress or recur as invasive breast cancer and which DCIS would remain indolent, we can treat the first group intensively, while sparing the second group from such unnecessary treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy) preserving the quality of life of these women. This review summarizes our current knowledge on DCIS and the risks involved regarding progression into invasive breast cancer. It also shows current knowledge gaps, areas where profound research is highly necessary for women with DCIS to prevent their over-treatment in case of a harmless DCIS, but provide optimal treatment for potentially hazardous DCIS.     

The value of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis and size assessment of in situ and small invasive breast carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis and size assessment of ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS) and DCIS with small (<10 mm) invasive carcinoma was evaluated. METHODS: Fifty-four patients with DCIS and 12 patients with DCIS and small invasive carcinoma were included. Mammographic (N = 64) and MRI (N = 22) images were retrospectively reviewed. Correlation coefficients were calculated to assess differences in size between imaging and histopathologic examination. RESULTS: Mammographic rate of detection for DCIS was 48/52 (92%) and for DCIS with small invasive carcinoma, 10/12 (83%). MRI revealed 1 false negative case and the rate of detection for DCIS was 16/17 (94%). Correlation of mammographic size with histopathologic size was r = .44 (P < .01) and r = 0.49 (P = .03) for MRI. Mammography underestimated lesion size by 5 mm or more in 47%, whereas with MRI size was adequately assessed in 43% and overestimated in 38%. CONCLUSIONS: DCIS can be visualised on MRI with high sensitivity, although tumor size can be overestimated.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌的MRI诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)对乳腺浸润性导管癌的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析了2012年1月至2012年6月期间在四川大学华西医院放射科行MRI检查,且术后经病理学检查证实为乳腺浸润性导管癌的75例患者的术前MRI检查资料。结果形态学分型:团块型54例,结节型21例,囊实混合型0例。肿块形状:圆形3例,卵圆形9例,不规则形63例。边缘:不规则66例,规则9例;呈微小分叶状56例。肿块内有钙化者1例。有淋巴结转移者18例。MRI的T1WI呈低信号(65例)或等信号(10例),T2WI呈低信号(3例)或以稍高信号为主的混杂信号(72例),增强后大部分呈均匀强化(64例),部分呈不均匀强化(11例)。结论通过分析乳腺浸润性导管癌的MRI成像特征,可为临床诊断乳腺浸润性导管癌提供有力的影像学证据。     

Role of Wire-guided Breast Biopsy for Diagnosis of Malignant Nonpalpable Mammographic Lesions

Biopsies of mammographically detected nonpalpable lesions have resulted in increased numbers of diagnosed early breast malignancies. From June 1992 to September 1996 a total of 433 consecutive patients underwent 438 biopsies. The mean age was 55.7 years (range 30–82 years); 150 patients were younger than 50 years. Mammographic findings were classified as microcalcifications (C), masses (M), masses with microcalcifications (MC), architectural distortions (A), and stellate lesions (S). In 30 women two needles were placed to localize a lesion in the ipsilateral side and in 5 on the contralateral side. There were 182 (41.6%) biopsies performed for M, 144 (32.9%) for C, 78 (17.8%) for A, 25 (5.7%) for MC, and 9 (2.1%) for S. The overall malignancy rate was 34% (149/438). Thirty-four women (23%) who presented malignancy were younger than 50 years of age. From year to year, it increased from 27% during the first year to 51% during the fourth year. Altogether 100 (67%) patients had invasive carcinoma, 40 (27%) ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), 6 (4%) lobular carcinoma in situ, and 3 (2%) tubular carcinoma. Four patients had simultaneous bilateral palpable and nonpalpable carcinoma. Among the patients, 9 of 20 with previously operated breast carcinoma and 9 of 19 with other previous malignancies were found to have early breast carcinoma. The mammographic finding with high rates of malignancy were S 67%, MC 40%, M 34%, C 33%, and A 28%. A group of 11 of 110 (10%) patients had histologically proven axillary lymph node metastasis. Results from this large retrospective study of wire-guided localization biopsies showed a relatively high rate of malignancy (34%) and DCIS (27%).     

The clinical significance of lobular neoplasia on breast core biopsy

A core biopsy diagnosis of atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia is upstaged on follow-up excisional biopsy (FUEB) to in situ or invasive carcinoma in about 20% of cases, thus prompting a FUEB. In contrast, upstaging information for a core biopsy diagnosis of pure lobular neoplasia (LN), without mass lesions or other risk-associated lesions is less clear. In this retrospective study, we report the largest consecutive series of patients who had a breast core biopsy diagnosis of LN and a FUEB. Core needle breast biopsies with a diagnosis of LN were retrieved from our files for the period 1999 to 2005, yielding 110 patients. One hundred and one patients had a follow-up surgical excision. Cases of LN with coexisting high-risk lesions (n=9, 10%) were excluded from the study. Patients with associated mass lesions all had benign findings (n=15, 16%) and had no impact on the study results. The remaining 77 core biopsies had no masses or risk lesions and were mammographically Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 4 (BIRADS) for microcalcifications. Overall, 8/77 (10%) of patients with a radiographic BIRADS 4 image with calcifications and a core biopsy diagnosis of LN on core biopsy were upstaged on FUEB to ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma. The numbers upstaged from core biopsies were as follows: atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) 4/52 (8%), mixed ALH/lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) 1/9 (10%), and pure LCIS 3/16 (19%). A core biopsy of LCIS with neoplastic epithelial calcifications was nearly 3 times more likely to be upstaged on FUEB compared with ALH. We conclude that a finding of LN on breast core biopsy in a patient with a BIRADS 4 image and calcifications is associated with a risk of 8% to 19% of upstaging to a treatable disease on FUEB.     

Intraductal component in invasive breast cancer: analysis of 250 resected surgical specimens

The presence of an intraductal component together with an invasive carcinoma is known to be associated with a higher rate of local recurrence. The results of reviewing 250 resected surgical specimens from patients with breast cancer are reported. Two-hundred and fifty mastectomy specimens of invasive breast cancer were retrospectively analysed in order to determine intraductal components within the primary tumour as well as additional foci. In addition to the invasive carcinoma, a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of varying extent was identified in 127 instances. The intraductal components were marginal in 27.6% of the cases, extensive in 61.4%, and predominant in 11.0%. In addition, 21 patients had isolated DCIS only. Such in situ components were more frequently found in the age group younger than 41 years and in premenopausal patients. Seventeen percent of carcinomas associated with an intraductal component were multicentric in location as opposed to only 5% of the breast lesions without an intraductal component. The highest proportion of residual tumour was seen in poorly differentiated invasive carcinomas with DCIS. Intraductal carcinomas with intraductal component tended to have a higher incidence of a positive surgical margin. Small carcinomas with an extensive in situ component require careful surgical management in order to achieve a tumour-free margin.     

Vacuum-assisted stereotactic breast biopsy: histologic underestimation of malignant lesions

HYPOTHESIS: The histopathologic correlation between stereotactic core needle biopsy and subsequent surgical excision of mammographically detected nonpalpable breast abnormalities is improved with a larger-core (11-gauge) device. DESIGN: Retrospective medical record and histopathologic review. SETTING: University-based academic practice setting. PATIENTS: Two hundred one patients who underwent surgical excision of mammographic abnormalities that had undergone biopsy with an 11-gauge vacuum-assisted stereotactic core biopsy device. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Correlation between stereotactic biopsy histologic results and the histologic results of subsequent surgical specimens. RESULTS: Results of stereotactic biopsy performed on 851 patients revealed atypical hyperplasia in 46 lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in 89 lesions, and invasive cancer in 73 mammographic abnormalities. Subsequent surgical excision of the 46 atypical lesions revealed 2 cases of DCIS (4.3%) and 4 cases of invasive carcinoma (8.7%). Lesions diagnosed as DCIS on stereotactic biopsy proved to be invasive carcinoma in 10 (11.2%) of 89 patients on subsequent excision. Stereotactic biopsy completely removed 21 (23.6%) of 89 DCIS lesions and 20 (27.4%) of 73 invasive carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, 11-gauge vacuum-assisted core breast biopsy accurately predicts the degree of disease in the majority of malignant lesions; however, understaging still occurs in 11% to 13% of lesions showing atypical hyperplasia or DCIS.