New dengue virus type 1 genotype in Colombo, Sri Lanka

The number of cases and severity of disease associated with dengue infection in Sri Lanka has been increasing since 1989, when the first epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever was recorded. We identified a new dengue virus 1 strain circulating in Sri Lanka that coincided with the 2009 dengue epidemic.     

登革病毒E蛋白入胞机制研究现状

  目的  对广东省广州市2019年登革热输入病例和本地病例的流行病学资料和病毒E基因进行分析,评估输入病例对广州市登革热流行的影响。  方法  通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统收集广州市2019年登革热病例信息,统计分析病例流行病学特征,测定登革病毒E基因序列并构建最大相似度基因树。  结果  广州市2019年共计报告登革热确诊病例1655例,输入病例273例,本地病例1382例。输入病例中男女性别比为2.85 : 1,86.45 %的病例发病年龄集中在20～49岁,职业分布主要为商业服务、家务及待业和工人为主,全年12个月均有发生,发病高峰在6 — 8月,东南亚国家输入病例占境外输入病例的90.38 %。本地病例中男女性比为1.07 : 1,89.87 %的病例发病年龄集中在20～69岁,职业分布主要为家务及待业、商业服务和离退休人员,发病时间为6 — 12月,发病高峰在8 — 10月。病毒E 基因显示本地病例序列与输入病例序列、东南亚国家序列亲缘关系较近。  结论  广州市登革热流行受输入影响较大,2019年的本地流行是由输入病例引起的可能性更大。     

Clinical Manifestations and Trend of Dengue Cases Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Udupi District, Karnataka

Background:

India is one of the seven identified countries in the South-East Asia region regularly reporting dengue fever (DF)/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) outbreaks and may soon transform into a major niche for dengue infection in the future with more and more new areas being struck by dengue epidemics

Objective:

To study the clinical manifestations, trend and outcome of all confirmed dengue cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital.

Study Design:

Record-based study conducted in a coastal district of Karnataka. Required data from all the laboratory confirmed cases from 2002 to 2008 were collected from Medical Records Department (MRD) and analyzed using SPSS 13.5 version.

Results:

Study included 466 patients. Majority were males, 301(64.6%) and in the and in the age group of 15-44 years, 267 (57.5%). Maximum number of cases were seen in 2007, 219 (47%) and in the month of September, 89 (19.1%). The most common presentation was fever 462 (99.1%), followed by myalgia 301 (64.6%), vomiting 222 (47.6%), headache 222 (47.6%) and abdominal pain 175 (37.6%). The most common hemorrhagic manifestation was petechiae 84 (67.2%). 391 (83.9%) cases presented with dengue fever, 41 (8.8%) dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 34 (7.3%) with dengue shock syndrome. Out of 66 (14.1%) patients who developed clinical complications, 22 (33.3%) had ARDS and 20 (30.3%) had pleural effusion. Deaths reported were 11(2.4%).

Conclusion:

Community awareness, early diagnosis and management and vector control measures need to be strengthened, during peri-monsoon period, in order to curb the increasing number of dengue cases.     

Epidemiology of dengue and hemorrhagic dengue in Santiago, Cuba 1997]

A dengue epidemic that Cuba reported in 1997 registered more than 500,000 cases of dengue fever produced by viral serotype 1. In 1981, there was an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever produced by serotype 2 of the virus. This time 344,203 clinical cases were reported, 10,312 of which were severe cases of hemorrhagic fever that led to 158 fatalities (101 of them among children). The reintroduction of dengue, and specifically of dengue viral serotype 2 (Jamaica genotype), was quickly detected in January 1997 through an active surveillance system with laboratory confirmation of cases in the municipality of Santiago de Cuba, in the province of the same name. The main epidemiological features of this outbreak are reported in this paper. A total of 3,012 cases were reported and serologically confirmed. These included 205 cases classified as dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), 12 of which were case fatalities (all among adults). Secondary infection with dengue virus was one of the most important risk factors for DHF/DSS. Ninety-eight percent of the DHF/DSS cases and 92% of the fatal cases had contracted a secondary infection. It was the first time dengue hemorrhagic fever was documented as a secondary infection 16 to 20 years after initial infection. Belonging to the white racial group was another important risk factor for DHF/DSS, as had been observed during the 1981 epidemic. During the most recent epidemic it was demonstrated that the so called "fever alert" is not useful for early detection of an epidemic. Measures taken by the country's public health officials prevented spread of the epidemic to other municipalities plagued by Aedes aegypti.     

深圳市福田区2014年登革热暴发疫情防控措施效果评估

目的：评价深圳市福田区2014年登革热防控工作的效果,发现防控工作中存在的问题,为登革热防控工作提供依据。方法分析2014年深圳市福田区的登革热疫情相关资料和数据,对登革热防控工作的过程、防控措施的效果以及疫情控制进行评估。结果福田区防控措施全面实施后,布雷图指数大部分在疫情结束前降至安全值5以下,诱蚊诱卵指数也降至警戒线5以下;平均发病数由2.6例/d降至0.4例/d;暴发点在最长潜伏期（25天）内无新发病例。结论福田区登革热暴发疫情防控措施效果较好,但防控工作中仍存在重药物消杀、轻环境治理等问题,需进一步改善。     

First outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever,Bangladesh

During the first countrywide outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Bangladesh, we conducted surveillance for dengue at a hospital in Dhaka. Of 176 patients, primarily adults, found positive for dengue, 60.2% had dengue fever, 39.2% dengue hemorrhagic fever, and 0.6% dengue shock syndrome. The Dengue virus 3 serotype was detected in eight patients.     

Dengue virus type 3, Brazil, 2002

During the summer of 2002, Rio de Janeiro had a large epidemic of dengue fever; 288,245 cases were reported. A subset of 1,831 dengue hemorrhagic fever cases occurred. In this study, performed in the first half of 2002, samples from 1,559 patients with suspected cases of dengue infection were analyzed. From this total, 1,497 were obtained from patients with nonfatal cases, and 62 were obtained from patients with fatal cases. By the use of different methods, 831 (53.3%) cases, including 40 fatal cases, were confirmed as dengue infection. When virus identification was successful, dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) was obtained in 99% of cases. Neurologic involvement was shown in 1 patient with encephalitis, confirmed by the detection of DENV-3 RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid. This explosive epidemic of DENV-3 was the most severe dengue epidemic reported in Brazil since dengue viruses were introduced in 1986.     

传染病动力学模型在登革热疫情防控中的应用

目的 应用传染病动力学模型研究登革热暴发流行的传播规律,并对灭蚊、病例隔离等防控措施的效果进行定量评价。 方法 根据登革热疾病的自然史建立登革热暴发流行的SEIR模型。收集2014年广州市的登革热暴发疫情数据,将模型与之拟合,利用χ²检验评价模型模拟数据与实际疫情数据的拟合优度,获得模型关键参数。应用模型模拟一起由输入性病例引发的社区暴发疫情,并对无干预、灭蚊、隔离、灭蚊+隔离状态下的疫情发展趋势及不同防控效果进行定量评价,寻找最优防控方案。 结果 通过模型模拟,在10 000人的社区中输入1例感染登革II型病毒病例,未干预状态下,登革热疫情发展很快,发病人数呈直线上升趋势,疫情持续超过100 d,超过450人发病。采取隔离措施后,疫情控制效果不明显。采取灭蚊措施后,疫情很快得到控制。采取灭蚊+隔离综合措施的效果和采取单项灭蚊措施效果无差别,越早采取灭蚊措施效果越好。 结论 在登革热的暴发疫情处置中,灭蚊是最关键的防控措施,一旦疫情在人群中形成传播,隔离并不能达到阻断传染源的目的 ,只能作为疫情控制的辅助措施。     

Dengue antibody prevalence in German travelers

We studied 2,259 German citizens after they returned from dengue-endemic countries from 1996 to 2004. Serotype-specific dengue antibodies indicated acute infections in 51 (4.7%) travelers with recent fever and 13 (1.1%) travelers with no recent fever, depending largely on destination and epidemic activity in the countries visited.     

广州市自然界白纹伊蚊携带登革热病毒情况分析

目的通过对广州地区登革热媒介白纹伊蚊进行携带登革热病毒情况的调查，从传播媒介的角度探索该地区登革热流行的来源和特点。方法采集广州市各区新旧疫点附近的白纹伊蚊幼虫标本，饲养为成蚊后提取蚊虫总RNA，用登革热病毒特异引物经实时荧光逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）进行病毒核酸检测，并对阳性结果反应产物进行序列测定。结果在荔湾区逢源街（2006年8月）、从化市邓村（2007年4月）和白云区云溪（2007年5月）各检出1宗登革热病毒核酸阳性蚊虫标本。其中荔湾区逢源街和从化邓村标本的RT—PCR产物经过序列测定证实为登革热病毒I型。结论广州地区登革热病毒可能在自然界白纹伊蚊种群中长期存在。     

台湾登革热的流行与控制

２０世纪以来，台湾历经１９１５－１９１６年，１９３１年、１９４２－１９４３年３次全岛性登革热大流行，此后３８年流行静息，１９８１年再度发生流行，至今尚未遏阻。１９９３年以前，以登革Ⅰ型病毒为主，１９９４年以后，病毒型别多样，台北、台南以Ⅰ型为主，而南部高雄地区则以Ⅲ型为主。调查显示，台湾登革热流行在南部以埃及伊蚊为主要是，而台中，台北则以白纹伊蚊为主要媒介。１９８８年１２月为控制登革热流行，台湾卫     

揭阳市登革热临床及流行病学特点(附52例临床分析)

目的探讨某地区登革热的临床及流行病学特点.方法对1997～2002年该地区3次登革热流行期间在某院住院的52例患者临床资料进行分析.结果患者年龄6～68岁(以成年农民多见),平均32岁;男37例,女15例.临床症状有急性发热(100.00%),皮疹(76.92%),出血倾向(30.77%),淋巴结肿大(69.23%),关节肌肉疼痛(86.54%),头痛(73.01%),厌食(65.38%),恶心(15.38%),呕吐(7.69%).结论登革热起病缓慢,症状不典型,容易被漏诊.生活条件及生活环境较差,蚊虫多,是成年农民发病率高的原因.     

Dengue epidemic in the stage of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1990-1: co-circulation of dengue 1 and dengue 2 serotypes.

During 1990 and 1991, dengue fever was detected in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It occurred in two epidemic waves; one, from January to August 1990, caused predominantly by dengue virus type 1 (DEN-1) the other from October 1990 to May 1991 caused by type 2 virus (DEN-2). Dengue was confirmed by virus isolation and/or IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) in 2109/5964 (35.4%) of the cases. DEN-2 virus was isolated from 180 patients. HAI tests indicated that of these previous infection with DEN-1 had occurred in 130 (72%). The epidemic was classified as dengue fever, but severe and even fatal cases occurred in association with secondary infection.     

Dengue Fever in South Korea, 2006-2010

TO THE EDITOR: Dengue fever is an acute, febrile disease caused by a flavivirus and is transmitted by Aedes spp. mosquitoes (1). South Korea is not considered as a region to which dengue virus is endemic because it is located above 35°N latitude and has an isotherm of 10°C in winter, which potentially limits year-round survival of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (1,2). Thus, dengue fever was seldom recognized as a public health concern in South Korea. However, the first case of dengue fever in South Korea was reported in 1995 in a woman who had traveled to Sri Lanka (3). A second case was found in a sailor who had worked in countries in Africa in 2000 (4).     

The 1993 dengue 2 epidemic in Charters Towers,North Queensland: clinical features and public health impact.

In 1993 an epidemic caused by dengue virus type 2 occurred in several North Queensland population centres. Charters Towers, estimated population 10,000, had 155 officially notified cases. An analysis of symptoms was undertaken using a random sample of 1000 residents to determine specificity of symptoms, the subclinical infection rate, and to establish the true extent of the epidemic. Retrospective diagnoses of dengue fever were based on the presence of both serum dengue 2 neutralizing antibody and presence of symptoms. An estimated 20% of the population had dengue fever. The rate of subclinical infections in this epidemic was 14.6%. There were no symptoms that were specific for dengue fever. Bleeding occurred more frequently in people who recalled a previous dengue infection during a dengue 1 epidemic 12 years earlier (55.6% vs. 16.8%, P = 0.003). Surveillance for future epidemics should be based on serological and virological confirmation of dengue virus infection amongst symptomatic patient.     

Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Chikungunya,Dengue, and Rift Valley Fever Viruses after Febrile Illness Outbreak,Madagascar

In October 2009, two–3 months after an outbreak of a febrile disease with joint pain on the eastern coast of Madagascar, we assessed serologic markers for chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in 1,244 pregnant women at 6 locations. In 2 eastern coast towns, IgG seroprevalence against CHIKV was 45% and 23%; IgM seroprevalence was 28% and 5%. IgG seroprevalence against DENV was 17% and 11%. No anti-DENV IgM was detected. At 4 locations, 450–1,300 m high, IgG seroprevalence against CHIKV was 0%–3%, suggesting CHIKV had not spread to higher inland-altitudes. Four women had IgG against RVFV, probably antibodies from a 2008 epidemic. Most (78%) women from coastal locations with CHIKV-specific IgG reported joint pain and stiffness; 21% reported no symptoms. CHIKV infection was significantly associated with high bodyweight. The outbreak was an isolated CHIKV epidemic without relevant DENV co-transmission.     

湖南省2018年登革热本地暴发流行病学和病毒分子特征分析

目的 对湖南省2018年登革热本地暴发疫情进行流行病学及病原学特征研究。方法 对报告的8例疑似登革热病例进行实验室诊断,对病例密切接触者搜索出的186例疑似登革热病例和发热病例开展病原学监测,应用C6/36细胞对病例急性期血清开展病毒分离,对15株登革病毒株E基因测序,分析病毒的血清型别和基因亚型,构建系统发生树,分析可能的传播来源。在疫点开展蚊媒密度应急监测和健康人群回顾性血清流行病学调查。结果 8例疑似病例血清标本,6例登革病毒核酸阳性,4例登革病毒NS1抗原阳性。186例疑似登革热病例,96例病原学检测结果阳性,分离到登革病毒株64株,经鉴定全部为登革病毒2型全球型,来源于广东和浙江省的可能性较大。应急蚊媒密度监测,疫点布雷图指数最高达65,具有极高的登革热传播风险。回顾性调查377名健康人群进行登革热抗体水平监测,IgG抗体阳性率为0.53%（2/377）。结论 现场流行病学调查和分子遗传分析提示,湖南省2018年本地暴发疫情由输入性病例引起,由单一的登革病毒2型全球型引起。     

Dengue fever, Hawaii, 2001-2002

Autochthonous dengue infections were last reported in Hawaii in 1944. In September 2001, the Hawaii Department of Health was notified of an unusual febrile illness in a resident with no travel history; dengue fever was confirmed. During the investigation, 1,644 persons with locally acquired denguelike illness were evaluated, and 122 (7%) laboratory-positive dengue infections were identified; dengue virus serotype 1 was isolated from 15 patients. No cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome were reported. In 3 instances autochthonous infections were linked to a person who reported denguelike illness after travel to French Polynesia. Phylogenetic analyses showed the Hawaiian isolates were closely associated with contemporaneous isolates from Tahiti. Aedes albopictus was present in all communities surveyed on Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Kauai; no Ae. aegypti were found. This outbreak underscores the importance of maintaining surveillance and control of potential disease vectors even in the absence of an imminent disease threat.     

美国FDA《血液行业指引:降低寨卡病毒输血传播风险的推荐意见》主要内容及其启示

寨卡病毒（ZIKV）和登革病毒（DENV）在分子结构和流行特征方面具有很多相似性,登革热疫情现在已经作为很多模型预测寨卡流行的参考。全面综合和对比ZIKV和DENV在宿主、传播途径、易感人群方面的异同,对了解2者的关系有重要意义。同时结合广东省登革热疫情、寨卡疫情,分析2者在广东省的流行情况,为防控提供参考意见。     

Myanmar dengue outbreak associated with displacement of serotypes 2, 3, and 4 by dengue 1

In 2001, Myanmar (Burma) had its largest outbreak of dengue-15,361 reported cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), including 192 deaths. That year, 95% of dengue viruses isolated from patients were serotype 1 viruses belonging to two lineages that had diverged from an earlier, now extinct, lineage sometime before 1998. The ratio of DHF to DSS cases in 2001 was not significantly different from that in 2000, when 1,816 cases of DHF/DSS were reported and dengue 1 also was the most frequently isolated serotype. However, the 2001 ratio was significantly higher than that in 1998 (also an outbreak year) and in 1999, when all four serotypes were detected and serotypes 1, 2, and 3 were recovered in similar numbers. The large number of clinical cases in 2001 may have been due, in part, to a preponderance of infections with dengue 1 viruses.