右美托咪啶和丙泊酚用于宫腔镜检查术的效应比较

目的：观察右美托咪啶、丙泊酚分别用于宫腔镜检查术的临床效果及安全性。方法选择宫腔镜检查术适应证患者80例,随机分为右美托咪啶组（ A组）和丙泊酚组（ B 组）,每组40例。A 组以1μg／kg剂量右美托咪啶缓慢静注,10 min后以0.2~0.6μg／（kg·h）维持;B 组以1.5 mg／kg 剂量丙泊酚静脉注射后以4~6 mg／（kg·h）维持,镇静目标维持Ramsay镇静评分3~4分。分别记录麻醉前（T0）、麻醉诱导后2 min（T1）、扩宫颈时（T2）、手术结束时（T3）、苏醒时（T4）患者的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）、呼吸频率（RR）;记录患者的术后睁眼时间、定向力恢复时间及呼吸抑制（ SpO2＜93%或呼吸暂停＞15 s）的发生率;并记录患者宫腔镜手术后宫缩痛的发生情况及严重程度。结果麻醉诱导后2 min、扩宫颈时、膨胀宫腔后1 min 丙泊酚组的MAP、SpO2低于右美托咪啶组,RR慢于右美托咪啶组（P ＜0.05）;手术结束时丙泊酚组 MAP 高于右美托咪啶组（P＜0.05）。丙泊酚组睁眼时间和定向力恢复时间明显长于右美托咪啶组（P＜0.05）,呼吸抑制发生率高于右美托咪啶组（P＜0.05）。丙泊酚组术后宫缩痛重于右美托咪啶组（P＜0.05）。结论右美托咪啶较丙泊酚静脉麻醉镇痛效果更好,宫缩痛少而轻,苏醒及定向力恢复快,无呼吸抑制,且血流动力学更平稳。     

右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚靶控输注在老年肾癌微波治疗术麻醉中的应用

目的:探讨右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚靶控输注用于老年肾癌患者微波治疗术麻醉中的有效性和安全性。方法:择期行经皮穿刺微波治疗术的肾癌患者60例,ASA分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,年龄65~78岁,体重45~70 kg,随机分为两组:右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚靶控输注组(D组)和靶控输注丙泊酚组(P组)。D组静脉注射右美托咪啶负荷量0.5μg/kg,注射时间为10 min,负荷量注射完毕后开始手术。观察输注右美托咪啶前(T0)、诱导人睡(T1)、手术开始1 min(T2)、手术开始5 min(T3)、手术开始10 min(T4)、睁眼(T5)时的HR、MAP、RR、SpO2,所需丙泊酚浓度、苏醒时间、不良反应发生例数、术中镇静评分及术后患者满意度。结果:P组T1较T0MAP、RR、SpO2显著下降,较D组T1时点MAP、RR显著下降(P<0.05);D组T1较T0MAP、HR、SpO2显著下降,HR较P组T1时显著下降(P<0.05)。P组丙泊酚所需量明显高于D组(P<0.05),两组苏醒时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。D组患者呼吸抑制、低血压发生率低于P组(P<0.05),D组患者心动过缓的发生率高于P组(P<0.05);两组患者术后恶心、呕吐差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:麻醉中右美托咪啶复合丙泊酚靶控输注可以起良好的镇静作用,节俭了丙泊酚的用量,是一种安全、有效的麻醉方法。     

右美托咪啶在腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产术的应用

目的：观察右美托咪啶用于腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产术麻醉术中的镇静、镇痛效果。方法：随机抽取60例在腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产术的产妇,分为A、B两组,应用右美托咪啶镇静评分、记录胎儿剖出后开始给右美托咪啶后到术毕,患者MAP、HR、SpO2镇静评分和呼吸抑制情况。结果：A组（应用右美托咪啶）HR、MAP明显低于B组（没用右美托咪啶）,HR慢于70次/min和B组（P＜0．05）。结论：右美托咪啶用于腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产术的镇静是安全和可行的。产妇术中、术后既镇静舒服又减轻了应激反应,且无呼吸抑制现象。     

右美托咪啶与丙泊酚在甲状腺手术中颈丛神经阻滞疗效对比

目的:探讨右美托咪定和丙泊酚在颈丛神经阻滞甲状腺手术中的镇静程度及安全性。方法:择期在颈丛麻醉下行甲状腺手术患者40例随机分为两组,右美托咪定组(DEX)术中给予右美托咪啶镇静,丙泊酚组(PRO)术中给予丙泊酚镇静。用Ramsay评分评估患者手术前、切皮后10min、30min、60min、手术结束时的镇静程度,并记录平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2);观察患者嗜睡及呼吸抑制的发生率。结果:切皮后10min、20min、30min、手术结束时,两组Ramsay评分无显著性差异(P>0.05);两组MAP、HR和SpO2无显著性差异(P>0.05);DEX组嗜睡及呼吸抑制的发生率显著低于PRO组(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定和丙泊酚在颈丛阻滞甲状腺手术中均有良好镇静作用,但右美托咪啶的安全性更高。     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛和右美托咪啶在气管切开MAC中的临床应用观察

目的：在气管切开MAC中,将局麻联合帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛和右美托咪啶泵注与单纯局麻进行对比,对前者的麻醉效果进行评估。方法：ASAⅡ-Ⅲ级40例行气管切开手术的患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为镇痛组（局麻＋帕瑞昔布钠右美托咪啶组）和对照组（单纯局麻组）,每组20例。镇痛组切皮前30 min静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,同时微量泵持续静脉注射右美托咪啶1μg/kg（15 min内注射完毕）,随后右美托咪啶0.4μg/（kg·h）持续泵注,观察并记录两组给药前（T0）、切皮时（T1）、深部手术操作（T2）、缝皮时（T3）4个时点患者的血压（SP、DP）、心率（HR）,血氧饱和度（SpO2）和术中体动反应个数。结果：切开气管操作时,对照组与镇痛组比较,心率、血压、明显上升,体动个数明显增多,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,术中有62%的患者需要追加深部局部浸润麻醉。两组SpO2各时点比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：局麻联合帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛和右美托咪啶泵注用于气管切开患者,镇静镇痛效果好,呼吸循环稳定。     

右美托咪啶镇静在成人局麻眼底手术中的应用

目的 比较右美托咪啶和丙泊酚用于成人局麻眼底手术的镇静效果和不良反应.方法 择期眼底手术患者40例,年龄20～60岁,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,随机分为右美托咪啶组(D组)和丙泊酚组(P组),每组20例.D组负荷量0.8μg/kg,维持量0.3 μg/(kg·h);P组负荷量0.5 mg/kg,维持量2.5 mg/(kg-h)...     

右美托咪定在功能性鼻内镜手术中的应用

目的观察使用右美托咪定施行监测性麻醉管理(MAC)在功能性鼻内镜手术中的镇静效果。方法择期在局部麻醉下行功能性鼻内镜手术的男性患者60例,年龄20～41岁,美国麻醉医师学会分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为右美托咪定组和丙泊酚组,每组30例。对患者行鼻部黏膜局部麻醉浸润后,右美托咪定组经静脉输液泵注射右美托咪定1μg.kg-1.h-1,10min后更改注射剂量为0.4μg.kg-1.h-1;丙泊酚组静脉单次注射丙泊酚1.5mg/kg,待患者入睡后经静脉输液泵维持注射剂量3mg.kg-1.h-1。记录患者术前及手术开始15min时的心率和平均动脉压,记录患者的睫毛反射消失时间、术中Ramsay镇静评分、术中唤醒成功率(唤醒例数/总例数)、唤醒后配合度(准确配合例数/唤醒例数)、术中不良事件及术后患者的满意度。结果两组间术前和手术开始15min时的心率和平均动脉压的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。丙泊酚组的睫毛反射消失时间显著短于右美托咪定组(P<0.01)。右美托咪定组的术中Ramsay镇静评分显著好于丙泊酚组(P<0.01)。两组间术后患者满意度的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。右美托咪定组的术中唤醒成功率和唤醒后配合度均显著高于丙泊酚组(P值均<0.01)。丙泊酚组的呼吸抑制发生率显著高于右美托咪定组(P<0.01)。结论与丙泊酚相比,右美托咪定可唤醒的镇静效果更好,呼吸抑制发生率低,患者配合度好,更适合用于MAC辅助局部麻醉下功能性鼻内镜手术。     

右美托咪啶或丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼用于后腹腔镜手术效果比较

目的：比较右美托咪啶或丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼用于后腹腔镜手术效果。方法：将60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级后腹腔镜手术的患者随机分为2组,每组30例。D组予盐酸右美托咪啶负荷剂量0.5μg/（kg·h）静脉泵注10 min,术中继续泵注右美托咪啶0.3μg/（kg·h）,瑞芬太尼20μg/（kg·h）。 P 组予丙泊酚5 mg/（kg·h）静脉泵注10 min,术中继续以丙泊酚4 mg/（kg·h）,瑞芬太尼20μg/（kg·h）微泵维持。观察麻醉诱导前（T0）、气管插管后1 min（T1）、气腹后即刻（T2）、气腹后30 min（T3）、气腹结束时（T4）、拔管后即刻（T5）患者心率（heart rate,HR）、平均动脉压（mean arterial blood pressure,MAP）,苏醒时间、镇痛、镇静评分及唤醒期间的呛咳、躁动等相关不良反应。结果：二组比较T0、T5点HR、MAP 差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;D组唤醒时间长于P组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;镇痛评分效果D组明显优于P组（均P〈0.05）;苏醒时躁动、呛咳发生率P组高于D组（均P〈0.05）;拔管后D 组患者术后镇静优于P组（均P〈0.05）。结论：右美托咪啶联合瑞芬太尼用于后腹腔镜手术,效果优于丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼。     

应用 Bioz．com 系统评价全麻中右美托咪定和丙泊酚的血流动力学变化

目的：评价全麻过程中右美托咪定和丙泊酚在同等麻醉深度下无创血流动力学影响。方法：择期行甲状腺大部切除术患者64例,ASA分级或Ⅱ级。采用随机数据表法,分成两组（ n＝32）：右美托咪定组（ D组）和丙泊酚组（ C组）。 D组入手术室后给以阿托品0．5mg,咪唑4mg,右美托咪定1．0μg／kg负荷量10min内注完,芬太尼0．25mg,罗库溴铵50mg诱导插管,后右美托咪定0．5μg· kg－1· h－1麻醉维持。 C组给予丙泊酚100mg,其它相同诱导插管,后丙泊酚以靶质量浓度设定为4～5mg／L维持麻醉。两组术中均用顺阿曲库铵,瑞芬太尼麻醉维持,用Bioz．com 系统监测无创血流动力学, BIS40～50。于入室（ T1）,插管前（ T2）、后（ T3）,手术开始（ T4）,10min（ T5）、拔管前（ T6）、后（ T7）记录患者的心率（ HR）、平均动脉压（ MAP ）、心脏指数（ CI ）、每搏指数（ SI ）、外周循环阻力（ SVR ）。结果：在同等BIS水平,两组患者瑞芬太尼的剂量D组低于C组。 HR、MAP、SI、SVR不同麻醉方法不同麻醉时相变化趋势不同,除HR外,D组均比C组稳定（ P＜0．05）,CI不同麻醉时相变化趋势相同。结论：右美托咪定负荷量1．0μg／kg,0．5μg· kg－1· h－1用于全麻诱导和维持,具有镇静镇痛作用,抑制应激反应,血流动力学较稳定。     

右美托咪啶在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉上肢手术中的应用

目的观察术中持续泵注右美托咪啶在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉上肢手术中的应用效果。方法 40例择期行上肢手术患者分为右美托咪啶组和对照组。臂丛神经阻滞后10 min,右美托咪啶组患者静脉泵入右美托咪啶,对照组患者泵入生理盐水。记录麻醉前(T0)、臂丛神经阻滞后10 min(T1)、静脉给药后5(T2)、10(T3)、30(T4)、60 min(T5)及手术结束时(T6)患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2),并观察患者术中不良反应发生率,术后评估患者的麻醉满意度。结果 T0～T2时,2组患者MAP、HR及SpO2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);T3～T6时,右美托咪啶组患者MAP和HR显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但2组患者SpO2比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);右美托咪啶组T3～T6时患者MAP和HR显著低于T0时(P<0.05),对照组T3～T6时患者MAP和HR与T0时比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);T0～T6时,2组患者SpO2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。右美托咪啶组患者满意度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者术中、术后均未出现恶心、呕吐等不良反应。结论在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉中持续泵注右美托咪啶,镇静镇痛效果更好,安全性高,患者术后满意度高。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.