抑郁障碍患者人格特征与发病关系的研究

目的探讨抑郁障碍患者的人格特征与其疾病发病间的关系。方法采用自评抑郁量表(SDS)、艾森克人格问卷 (EPQ)、应对方式评定量表 (WCRS)和归因方式问卷 (ASQ)对 76名抑郁障碍患者进行测试 ,同时选取 84名健康被试进行对照研究。结果①抑郁组患者在EPQ中神经质 (N)与精神质 (P)的得分显著高于健康组。②WCRS的结果显示在“宣泄接纳”、“退避调节”两个因子上 ,抑郁组的平均得分低于健康组。③在ASQ的得分中 ,抑郁组在负性事件归因的自身性、持久性和整体性均显著高于健康组。④抑郁障碍患者的“神经质”人格特质与应对方式的“宣泄接纳”和“退避调节”因子呈负相关 (r = 0 .474)。结论抑郁障碍患者的人格特征可表现为较强的神经质及孤僻、交往障碍 ,他们这种人格特征及应对和归因方式在其发病过程中起着重要作用。     

抑郁障碍患者人格特征与发病关系的研究

目的探讨抑郁障碍患者的人格特征与其疾病发病间的关系.方法采用自评抑郁量表(SDS)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、应对方式评定量表(WCRS)和归因方式问卷(ASQ)对76名抑郁障碍患者进行测试,同时选取84名健康被试进行对照研究.结果①抑郁组患者在EPQ中神经质(N)与精神质(P)的得分显著高于健康组.②WCRS的结果显示在"宣泄接纳"、"退避调节"两个因子上,抑郁组的平均得分低于健康组.③在ASQ的得分中,抑郁组在负性事件归因的自身性、持久性和整体性均显著高于健康组.④抑郁障碍患者的"神经质"人格特质与应对方式的"宣泄接纳"和"退避调节"因子呈负相关(r=-0.474).结论抑郁障碍患者的人格特征可表现为较强的神经质及孤僻、交往障碍,他们这种人格特征及应对和归因方式在其发病过程中起着重要作用.     

大肠癌患者的归因风格与人格特征

目的为探索大肠癌归因风格与人格特征的关系,为心理干预提供理论依据。方法采用病例对照的研究方法,对45例大肠癌患者(研究组)及49例健康人(对照组)采用统一的心理学问卷:归因方式问卷(ASQ)、大五人格问卷简化版(NEO-FFI)进行测评。结果大肠癌组患者大五人格特征在神经质、宜人性、认真性得分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);大肠癌患者对正性事件的归因风格在普遍维度上与外倾性(r=-0.362,P<0.05)呈负相关,与宜人性呈负相关(r=-0.449,P<0.01);对负性事件的内外维度与开放性呈正相关(r=0.307,P<0.05),稳定维度与认真性呈负相关(r=-0.301,P<0.05);大肠癌组归因风格各维度与对照组相比:正性事件的内外维度t=2.874,P=0.005;稳定维度t=4.477,P=0.000;普遍维度t=4.461,P=0.000;总体得分t=5.181,P=0.000,以及负性事件的稳定维度t=4.706,P=0.000;总体得分t=3.283,P=0.000。结论大肠癌患者的归因风格倾向于内在归因,且受人格特征的影响;对正性事件的归因较负性事件受人格特征的影响更为明显。     

青少年抑郁障碍人格与父母教养方式、家庭环境的相关性研究

目的 探讨青少年抑郁障碍人格特征、父母教养方式、家庭环境的特点,为青少年抑郁障碍实施家庭干预、心理治疗提供依据。 方法 采用病例对照的研究方法,选取100例青少年抑郁症患者(研究组)和100例健康青少年(对照组),采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)、父母教养方式问卷(EMBU)对2组受试者进行测评,并对结果进行分析。 结果 ①青少年抑郁障碍与健康青少年在人格、父母教养方式和家庭环境三方面差异均存在统计学意义;②研究组在内外向维度评分显著低于对照组,在神经质维度评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);研究组矛盾性得分显著增高,亲密度、情感表达、独立性、成功性、娱乐性、知识性得分较对照组显著降低(P＜0.01);研究组父母情感温暖与理解因子分显著低于对照组,惩罚与严厉、拒绝与否认因子及母亲的过分干涉与保护、父亲的过分保护因子分显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);③父母教养方式中的情感温暖与理解,与EPQ的内外向因子呈正相关,与精神质和神经质因子呈负相关,而父母双方的拒绝否认、惩罚严厉与EPQ的内外向因子呈负相关,父母双方的拒绝否认和惩罚严厉与EPQ的精神质和神经质因子呈正相关;家庭环境的亲密度、娱乐性与EPQ的4个维度均相关。 结论 ①相对于正常青少年,青少年抑郁障碍的人格、父母教养方式、家庭环境存在更多的问题;②不良家庭环境、不合理的父母教养方式会导致青少年人格问题、抑郁情绪的出现,改善青少年抑郁障碍患者的家庭环境、父母教养方式,会促进患者人格成长、疾病康复。      

轻性抑郁障碍与重性抑郁障碍生活事件及人格特征对照研究

目的 分析和比较轻性抑郁障碍(MinD)与重性抑郁障碍(MDD)的临床症状、生活事件、社会支持、心理应对方式及人格特征.方法 选择288例MDD患者(MDD组)和222例MinD患者(MinD组)作为研究对象,以汉密尔顿抑郁量表-17(HAMD-17)、生活事件量表(LES)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)及艾森克个性(成人)问卷(EPQ)作为评估工具,分析和比较两组患者的抑郁症状、心理应激、社会支持、心理应对方式及人格特征.结果 MinD组与抑郁有关症状的发生率和HAMD-17评分均显著低于MDD组(P<0.01, P<0.05);两组生活事件发生率相近,但MDD组负性生活事件应激强度明显强于MinD组(P<0.01).PSSS、TCSQ和EPQ显示,与MDD组比较,MinD组朋友支持因子分较低;较多使用积极应对方式;内外向因子分较高,神经质因子分较低(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论 与MDD比较,MinD的抑郁症状发生率低;对负性生活事件的心理应激较轻,多采取积极应对方式;同时具有较好的人格特征.     

军人失眠症患者防御机制与心理应激及人格特征的相关研究

目的:研究军人失眠症患者的心理防御机制特点与人格特征和心理应激的关系.方法:采用防御方式问卷(DSQ)、生活事件量表(LES)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对某三级甲等部队医院心理科收治的48例失眠症官兵(研究组)和随机抽取某部50名官兵(对照组)进行调查.结果:①军人失眠症患者更多采用不成熟和中间型防御机制(P<0.05或0.01),最常用采用的6种心理防御因子是:抱怨、回避、退缩、躯体化、幻想、消耗倾向;②军人失眠症患者人格特征多为内向、神经质个性,防御机制与人格特征存在着显著的相关性(P<0.05或0.01).③研究组所遭遇生活事件总数、负性生活事件及正性生活事件均显著高于对照组(P<0.05或0.01),以负性生活事件为主;防御机制同所经历的负性生活事件有显著相关性(P<0.01).结论:军人失眠症患者呈现不同程度的人格缺陷,在应对应激事件时更多采用不成熟和中间型防御机制.     

归因训练对食管癌患者术后负面情绪的影响

目的:探讨归因训练对食管癌患者术后负面情绪的影响。方法:选取安庆市立医院收治并拟行手术治疗的124例食管癌患者,随机分为观察组与对照组各62例。对照组实施常规干预,观察组在常规干预基础上给予归因训练。对比干预前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、归因方式问卷(ASQ)评分及中文版Mishel疾病不确定感量表(MUIS)评分,并比较患者满意度。结果:两组干预后HAMD、HAMA、ASQ量表中负性事件评分及MUIS量表总评分均低于干预前(P<0.05),ASQ量表中正性事件评分均高于干预前(P<0.05),但观察组干预后上述各项评分改善程度均优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者总满意率(93.55%)高于对照组(80.65%)(P<0.05)。结论:归因训练可有效缓解食管癌患者术后负性情绪,促进患者形成积极的归因方式,减轻其不确定感,并提高患者满意度。     

抑郁症共病因素及其人格特征的相关与回归分析

目的:探讨有无焦虑症状的抑郁症患者的应付方式与人格的关系.方法:对88例抑郁症患者及与之匹配的90例正常对照组进行抑郁自评量表(SDS), 焦虑自评量表(SAS), 艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和应付方式问卷评定.结果:与正常对照组相比,抑郁症患者SDS, SAS, EPQ的N, P两个维度的得分高于正常对照组,而EPQ的E维度、积极应付方式得分低于对照组. 有焦虑症状抑郁症患者组相对于无焦虑症状抑郁症患者组,SDS, SAS, EPQ的N, P两个维度的得分明显较高,积极应付方式得分明显较低. 相关、回归分析表明SAS, EPQ的E维度及积极应付方式与抑郁症状严重程度的关系更为密切,这三者可解释抑郁症状严重程度变异的52.0%.结论:抑郁症患者发病期的抑郁症状、焦虑症状、神经质、精神质比对照组明显,这些特征在伴有焦虑症状的抑郁症患者中表现更为明显. 有焦虑症状的抑郁症患者比无焦虑症状的患者人格特征更偏内向,更少采用积极的应付方式. 较少采用积极应付方式可能是抑郁症状患者人格特征之一,纳入人格特质的E维度之中.     

慢性手部湿疹的心理社会因素

目的：探讨慢性手部湿疹(chronic hand eczema,CHE)患者的心理社会因素。方法：收集CHE患者240例, 正常对照(normal control,NC)221例,采用一般情况问卷、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,EPQ)、 抑郁自评量表(Self-Rating Depression Scale,SDS)、焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety,SAS)及湿疹患者生活质量量表 (Eczema Quality of Life Scale,EQOLS)测评受试者人格特征、情绪状态、生活质量等心理社会因素及与疾病严重程度的 相关性。结果：EPQ量表得分比较,CHE组内外向(E)维度得分显著低于NC组(P<0.01),神经质(N)维度得分显著高于 NC组(P<0.01);精神质(P)维度和掩饰(L)维度得分两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CHE组的SDS量表和SAS量表得 分均显著高于NC组(P<0.01)。EQOLS量表得分比较,CHE组的疾病、心理、生理、社会各维度、量表总分及总体生 活质量评分均显著高于NC组(P<0.01)。CHE患者的皮损程度和与瘙痒水平与SDS,SAS,EQOLS量表的疾病、生理、 心理、社会各维度、总体生活质量、总分均有显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论：CHE患者个性更偏内向,情绪不稳定;抑 郁、焦虑水平较高,生活质量水平下降,且均与病情严重程度相关。     

轻性抑郁障碍与重性抑郁障碍生活事件及人格特征对照研究

目的分析和比较轻性抑郁障碍（MinD）与重性抑郁障碍（MDD）的临床症状、生活事件、社会支持、心理应对方式及人格特征。方法选择288例MDD患者（MDD组）和222例MinD患者（MinD组）作为研究对象,以汉密尔顿抑郁量表-17（HAMD-17）、生活事件量表（LES）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）及艾森克个性（成人）问卷（EPQ）作为评估工具,分析和比较两组患者的抑郁症状、心理应激、社会支持、心理应对方式及人格特征。结果 MinD组与抑郁有关症状的发生率和HAMD-17评分均显著低于MDD组（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）;两组生活事件发生率相近,但MDD组负性生活事件应激强度明显强于MinD组（P〈0.01）。PSSS、TCSQ和EPQ显示,与MDD组比较,MinD组朋友支持因子分较低;较多使用积极应对方式;内外向因子分较高,神经质因子分较低（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论与MDD比较,MinD的抑郁症状发生率低;对负性生活事件的心理应激较轻,多采取积极应对方式;同时具有较好的人格特征。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.