新生儿早期母乳性黄疸微生态治疗效果分析

目的探讨新生儿早期高胆红素血症的微生态治疗效果。方法对该院儿科2010年10月至2012年10月治愈出院的40例新生儿早期高胆红素血症患儿病历资料进行回顾性分析,40例患儿随机分为两组:治疗组20例予以光疗加微生态疗法(口服益生菌)、充分喂养;对照组20例予以常规治疗(光疗为主)。结果两组患儿均治愈出院,无1例并发症。平均黄疸消退时间:治疗组(3.50±1.24)d,对照组(5.50±1.34)d,P<0.01;平均住院时间:治疗组(4.50±1.43)d,对照组(7.20±1.45)d,P<0.01。两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义。结论微生态疗法(口服益生菌)、充分喂养能有效促进新生儿早期高胆红素血症患儿黄疸消退。     

早产儿早期微生态干预的临床观察

目的 探讨早期微生态干预对早产儿的临床应用价值.方法 将符合条件的早产儿150例随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上给予口服双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗,0.5 g/次,3次/d,对治疗效果进行对比分析.结果 与对照组相比,治疗组喂养不耐受发生率低(x2=5.042,P＜0.05),达全胃肠喂养所需时间早(t=2.058,P＜0.05),腹泻发病率下降(x2=4.127,P＜0.05),恢复出生体质量时间短(t=2.308,P＜0.01),体质量增长速度快(t=2.698,P＜0.05),院内感染发生率降低(x2=3.857,P＜0.05),住院时间缩短(t =4.469,P＜0.05).效益成本比率为37.55∶1,且无益生菌相关性败血症发生.结论 早产儿早期补充微生态制剂金双歧,不但可以改善早产儿喂养、促进早产儿生长发育,还可以降低院内感染发生,同时具有较大的经济学价值,值得临床推广.     

茵栀黄及双歧杆菌三联活菌辅助光照治疗新生儿黄疸疗效分析

目的观察单纯蓝光、蓝光联合茵栀黄、蓝光联合茵栀黄及双歧杆菌三联活菌治疗新生儿黄疸的疗效,探讨茵栀黄及双歧杆菌三联活菌辅助蓝光用于新生儿黄疸治疗的必要性。方法黄疸新生儿424例,随机分为蓝光(A组)、蓝光联合茵栀黄(B组)、蓝光联合茵栀黄及双歧杆菌三联活菌组(C组),观察3组患儿黄疸消退时间及经皮胆红素水平的变化情况。结果 A组、B组和C组黄疸消退时间分别为(8.8±3.1)d、(6.6±2.6)d、(4.3±2.2)d,3组比较差异有统计学意义(F=104.80,P<0.01);其中B组和C组黄疸消退时间较A组均明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);C组黄疸消退时间较B组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。3组患儿治疗前、治疗第1天、第2天、第3天经皮胆红素水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患儿治疗第4天、第5天、第6天、第7天经皮胆红素水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中B组和C组经皮胆红素水平较A组均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);C组经皮胆红素水平较B组均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论茵栀黄和双歧杆菌三联活菌可加强蓝光治疗的退黄疗效,值得临床推广。     

微生态制剂用于早产儿治疗60例的临床观察

目的 探讨微生态制剂用于早期早产儿的治疗.方法 将120例早产儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组60例.均给予肠道喂养.治疗组在此基础上,于出生24小时内予口服或经胃管微生态制剂双歧杆菌四联活菌片0.5/次,3次/天,连用28天.观察二组喂养不酎受发生率,达全胃肠喂养时间及体重恢复至出生体重所需时间等.结果 治疗组早产儿喂养不耐受率低于对照组(P<0.01),治疗组达全胃肠喂养时间及恢复至出生体重所需时间短于对照组(P<0.01).在微生态制剂用于治疗过程中,未发现不良反应.结论 微生态制剂用于早期早产儿的治疗,降低喂养不耐受发生率、缩短达全胃肠喂养时间及恢复至出生体重所需时间,有利于早产儿的生长发育.     

金双歧联合思密达辅助治疗新生儿高胆红素血症60例临床观察

目的探讨金双歧联合思密达治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的效果。方法对100例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿分为两组,治疗组60例,对照组40例。两组常规治疗相同,在此基础上,治疗组加用金双歧和思密达口服。结果治疗组胆红素日均下降值比对照组更显著(t=4.32,P<0.01);治疗后胆红素下降所需时间也比对照组明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论金双歧联合思密达用于新生儿黄疸治疗,可迅速降低血胆红素水平,明显缩短治疗时间。     

茵栀黄颗粒联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片对早产儿肠道菌群及胆红素水平的影响

目的:观察茵栀黄颗粒联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片对早产儿肠道菌群及胆红素水平的影响,并观察两组患儿的临床疗效。方法:将198例早产儿按随机数字表法分为治疗组100例,对照组98例。对照组采用口服茵栀黄颗粒常规治疗,每次6 g,每日3次;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加服双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗,每次1片,每日2次。观察两组患儿的临床疗效、肠道菌群及胆红素水平。结果:治疗组经治疗28 d后,患儿体质量增长速度明显优于对照组,且喂养不耐受的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者血清胆红素浓度比较,治疗组显著低于对照组,未发现益生菌相关败血症的发生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:双茵栀黄颗粒联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片能明显改善早产儿胃肠道功能,对早产儿喂养及生长发育有较好作用,减少喂养不耐受的发生率,抑制血清胆红素水平,对预防高胆红素血症也有重要意义。     

益生菌对NICU早产儿的肠道菌群代谢功能及临床疾病的影响

目的 探讨益生菌对新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)早产儿肠道菌群的功能代谢及临床疾病的影响方法 选取NICU早产儿40例,随机分为益生菌组和对照组.收集两组早产儿出生第10天时的粪便标本,通过16S rRNA高通量测序对肠道菌群进行检测和分析,并比较两组早产儿发生相关临床疾病的差异.结果 与对照组比较,益生菌组早产儿第10天时肠道菌群中的双歧杆菌属与乳酸杆菌属丰度更高(P＜0.05),而梭菌属、葡萄球菌属和亲铜菌属更低(P＜0.05).功能分析中益生菌组的磷酸戊糖途径及烟酸和烟酰胺代谢功能高于对照组(P＜0.05),而坏死性凋亡功能更低(P＜0.05).且人类病原体败血症(P＜0.01)、肺炎、肠胃炎和腹泻(P＜0.05)的基因功能表达也更低.此外,益生菌组早产儿第10天时的胆红素、血红蛋白水平(P＜0.01)和腹泻、喂养不耐受的发生率(P＜0.05)均低于对照组.益生菌组败血症和坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)发生率也较低,但差异无统计学意义.结论 研究表明益生菌可能对NICU早产儿的肠道菌群代谢功能和临床疾病均产生有利影响,并从功能上解释了益生菌降低临床疾病风险的机制.     

双歧杆菌对早产儿早期喂养的影响分析

目的:总结双歧杆菌对早产儿早期喂养的影响。方法:将90例早产儿随机分组,对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上口服或鼻饲双歧杆菌。结果:观察组早产儿平均体重较对照组有明显升高,观察组喂养耐受能力较对照强,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:双歧杆菌不仅能加速早产儿的追赶性生长,还能增进早产儿的胃肠功能的发育和完善,利于肠道微生态的建立和益生菌的定植,更有利早产儿的健康成长。     

茵栀黄注射液联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片佐治新生儿高胆红素血症

目的观察茵栀黄注射液联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片佐治新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效。方法100例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿随机分为2组,每组50例。对照组给予蓝光光疗、口服鲁米那、碱化血液、控制感染等治疗。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用茵栀黄注射液和双歧杆菌四联活菌片,茵栀黄注射液2 mL.kg-1加入50 g.L-1葡萄糖液静脉滴注,每日1次,连用5 d;双歧杆菌四联活菌片每次1片,口服,每日2次,连用5 d;治疗前后抽取股静脉血查血清胆红素,并观察黄疸消退时间。结果2组治疗前血清胆红素值比较差别无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗第3天、第5天2组血清胆红素值均明显低于治疗前(P<0.01),且观察组明显低于对照组,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组胆红素日均下降值明显大于对照组,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组血清胆红素降至102μmol.L-1以下所需时间及黄疸消退时间均短于对照组,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2组均无明显不良反应发生。结论茵栀黄注射液与双歧杆菌四联活菌片联合佐治新生儿高胆红素血症疗效确切。     

调节肠道菌群动物模型和预防肠道菌群失调动物模型探讨

目的 建立调节肠道菌群动物模型和预防肠道菌群失调动物模型。方法 ①调节肠道菌群动物模型。小鼠灌服抗生素溶液，小鼠肠道出现菌群失调后．随机选取1组以生理盐水灌胃，作为自然恢复组．其余3组分别灌服微生态调节剂(主要成份为双歧杆菌．蜡样芽胞杆菌)．20％低聚果糖及中药(含党参、白术、茯苓、甘草等)。给受试物后无菌采取小鼠粪便，观察各组双歧杆菌，乳杆菌，肠杆菌及肠球菌数量。②预防肠道菌群失调动物模型。小鼠灌服抗生素溶液同时分别加生理盐水．微生态调节剂，20％低聚果糖及中药(同前)．给受试物后无菌采取小鼠粪便，观察各组双歧杆菌，乳杆菌．肠杆菌及肠球菌数量。结果 ①调节肠道菌群动物模型菌群失调后，给予微生态调节剂、果糖及中药后，小鼠肠道内的双歧杆菌．乳杆菌及肠杆菌在小鼠肠道内的数量和自然恢复组相比较明显增加；②预防肠道菌群失调动物模型。给予微生态调节剂、果糖及中药后，与正常对照组相比较小鼠肠道内的双歧杆菌，乳杆菌及肠杆菌的数量明显增加。结论 微生态调节剂、果糖及中药可调节小鼠肠道菌群，增殖双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用。     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.